2024年2月13日发(作者：)

《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication Analysis

The following are three different cases of cross-cultural

communication. In each of the cases there is something to be

improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more

successful communication or cultural understanding.

Question 1

Case 1:

Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke

Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner

in a restaurant.

Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll

love it!

Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.

Question 2

Case 2:

Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a

British university for some months. It has not been totally successful.

They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.

Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!

Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.

Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.

Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.

Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a

scientific experiment.

Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the

game.

Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important

experiment!

Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.

Question 3

Case 3:

This is a more complex situation where there are several things that

require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and

explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together

at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to

Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.

Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical piano

concert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance

people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and

presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a

particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening.

It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that

he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of

the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded

them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the

stage.

Paper 2 Vocabulary

Choose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the

gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces

provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the

words.

Community white lies Dutch courage

grey areas

kin terms vocation below the belt

buying a round

live and let live trouble and strife foot the bill recreation

4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a

different .

5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he

would .

6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some

that needed explanation.

7. There are many different used when talking about people's

relationships in China.

8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."

9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."

10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting

other people by telling .

11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture,

especially the system of which all members of the group are

expected to join in.

12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the

news that her husband had left her for another woman.

13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations.

Paper 3 Translation

Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please

write your translation on the answer sheet.

What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This

is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international

things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied

discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes

called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" ,

scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to

describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented

by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle

systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics,

where we seek to understand the relationship between language and

culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been

interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways

that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain,

the US or other English speaking countries.

But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a

broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary

application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology

(and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and

educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all

aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.

To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to

understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we

understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we

can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts

with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years,

scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing

cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and

differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is

Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication.

Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication.

Paper 4 Reading

Passage 1 Questions 15-20

In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in

the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and

grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as

one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Take

the word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of

both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in

'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively

male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and

'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as

a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than

they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In

addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds

that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the

final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take

a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made

up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas

about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace

it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now

possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?'

Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as

'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such

as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however,

continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go.

Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street'

and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male

meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?

To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so

more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in

everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that

'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?'

would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here

'postman’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.

The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and

behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and

Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through

its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males

who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English!

Answer the following questions according to the above text:

15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words

indicates .

A. sexual feelings B. sexual freedom

C. sexist ideas D. sexist bias .

16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in

Britain .

A. all people agree change is needed

B. some people agree change is needed

C. people can't make up their minds on the issue

D. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious

17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word

'chairman'?

18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is

given?

19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language

changes?

20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?

Passage 2 Questions 21-27

Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?

Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients

using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.

In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the

conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose

research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being

courted by their investment bankers.

"We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity,"

said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment

advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is

human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.

Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services

company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others,

including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a

similar way.

The various systems produce very different ratings of individual

stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has

not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether

computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major

computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall

Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.

People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional

Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as

individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and

emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel

Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.

However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on

the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their

developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most

models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of

other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have

surprised analysts.

Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as

marketing tools.

The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a

group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do

stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and

analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market

averages over the long run.

Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab

system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-Scouter

Mark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG)

according to the information provided in the text.

Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for

questions.

21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.

22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.

23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.

24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than

humans.

25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.

26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research

director of 'Value Line'.

27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.

答案及评分标准

Paper 1: Communication Analysis

●The following points should be covered in the analysis.

●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined).

Paper 2: Vocabulary

●One point for each item.

●Answers must be the same as the key.

4. vocation 5. foot the bill

6. grey areas 7. kin terms

8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live

10. white lies 11. buying a round

12. below the belt 13. community

Paper 3: Translation

14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。“IC”实际上是自20世纪50年代以来在世界范围内

发展起业的一门学术及应用学科。有时称为“跨文化交际”或“比较文化”，学者们大多使用“inter”这一前缀加上“文化”这个词来表述文化间的相互作用。在一个层面上，IC体现在文化研究上，研究其它国家的政治，经济和生活方式制度等。在另一个层面上，它是应用语言学，力求了解语言与文化的关系。20世纪80年代以来，许多中国英语教师和教授对此产生了浓厚兴趣一如何在英语教学中帮助学生同时了解英国，美国或其他英语国家基本的交际行为。

但跨文化交际这门学科实际上是一门广泛且日益完善的研究领域。IC是涵盖如文化人类学、社会学、心理学(及社会心理学)、交际研究、应用语言学和教育学的跨学科应用。IC是了解人类文化以及它们间是如何相互影响的综合尝试。

要了解跨文化交际，我们力图探究传统与现代，一致与变化。由于我们了解了某一民族现存的某些民族特色，我们便可以探究如何从外部审视这一文化，它是如何与其它文化相互影响的，又是如何变化的。在过去的30多年，学者们发展了用于比较文化的理论框架以及若干用于思考它们异同的实践领域。跨文化比较的一个层面是文化特性，另一层面是(口头)语言交际。还有一倍受关注的领域是非语言交际。

Paper 4: Reading

Passage 1

15. D

16. C

17. The pronunciation of the final syllable of 'chairman' is /m'n/ as in the

pronunciation of 'woman'.

18. The author argues that the male meaning of 'man' is no longer

dominant. OR: The author argues that the male meaning of 'man' is no

longer 'dominant.

19. The impact is more in formal and/or written language areas (e. g. the

media). Ordinary people still tend to use words ending in ' man'.

Therefore In Informal language use there has been little or no impact.

20. Regardless of language structure in any society, non-sexist language

use does not mean change will occur if people's attitudes and behaviors

do not change.

Passage 2

● Award one point for each item.

● Answers must be the same as the key.

21. F 22. F 23. T 24. T 25. T