2024年2月13日发(作者：)

2021 年上海各区高三英语一模卷汇编——概要写作

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage

in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

One【宝山一模】

Beyond Identity

We often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions. We take these three elements and

make a combination. However, we also often talk about a person’s soul. Is there any scientific basis for

the soul? Surprisingly, there is. Each unique personality a person has (even in circumstances of memory

loss and other illnesses), the feeling and identity of the self beyond age (especially experienced as we

grow older), and our inevitable subjective experience as an individual consist of a scientific foundation

for the soul.

Despite the constant shift in the links between our brain cells, we remain essentially the same

personality. This consistency is most obvious in the case of mentally ill patients or people who have

experienced memory loss. According to Scientific American: Basically, no matter what happens to our

brain, our unique personality seems to shine through.

Besides one’s personality, the soul of a person can be identified through one’s consciousness.

Though we commonly identify with our body and what we see in the mirror, we also have a sense that

we are not a certain age—as our sense of self usually leans less on age and rather on our subjective feeling

of who we are essentially.

Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience. Despite humans being very,

very similar to each other in DNA and overall composition, our understanding of reality is vastly different

from individual to individual. According to Psychology Today, “While science has made tremendous

progress explaining the functioning of the brain, why we have a subjective experience remains mysterious.

The problem of the soul lies exactly here, in understanding the nature of the self, the “I” in existence that

feels and lives life.

The soul of a person is incredibly challenging to prove scientifically. However, we can say that the

soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and the way you notice things

might not be tested strictly, but they are very difficult to deny.

Two【黄浦一模】

Singapore’s Information Technology Strategy

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Singapore’s information technology strategy rests on two major legs. The first leg is world-class

basic facilities. Being a city-state, it is relatively easy to connect every home, office and hotel room. Our

objective is to provide broad-band everywhere, either wired or wireless. We will make it a readily

available utility like water, electricity, gas and telephone. We are well on our way there. We now require,

by regulation, every new home to be equipped with broad-band in the same way as it is required to have

water and electricity.

The second leg is the education of our entire population in IT (information technology). Like reading,

writing and arithmetic, computers are best learnt when we are young. Today’s children can click the

mouse faster than we can blink. In many countries, children of middle-class families have no difficulty

with this new technology. But, without special effort, there is a danger that children of poorer families

will miss out on the opportunity to learn IT. Like the piano and violin, one can still learn the computer as

an adult. But rarely does one acquire the same facility. The strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach

information technology to every child regardless of his family background. The Education Ministry now

has a multi-billion dollar programme to provide one computer for every 2 schoolchildren in Singapore

from first grade onwards. Every teacher will have a notebook.

Most Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT, if not for themselves, at least for their

children and grandchildren. Over 40% of households in Singapore now own PCs. Over one-third of

households in Singapore already enjoy access to Internet. What we want is for every Singaporean to be

computer literate so that he can function effectively in any bank, factory or restaurant, just as one would

expect an employee to be able to read, write and count. An employer in Singapore in the future should

not have to worry that his employee does not know how to use a computer or the Internet.

Three【崇明一模】

Train Your Brain

When was the last time something important slipped your mind? Fortunately, memory can be

improved. People’s ability to remember has less to do with natural talent than it does with training and

practice.

When students want to prepare for a test, they often try to study by simply reading over the material

again, copying notes, etc. But these methods of remembering are not always effective. People remember

more when they actively engage with the material, they are learning rather than passively receiving it.

One great way to do this is to test yourself on the material. Come up with questions about the topic, and

try to answer them without looking at your notes. It also helps to try to engage with the material in

different ways. For example, you could write your own outline or study guide. The more you use the

information, the more likely you are to remember it.

My music instructor said that it’s better to practice for five minutes a day, seven days a week, than

for two hours on one day. The same goes for remembering information. The more you spread out the time

you spend reviewing information, the more likely you are to remember it.

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A psychologist, Hermann Ebbinghaus, made an important discovery about memory and forgetting.

He found that people tend to forget information in a regular pattern. They forget the most information

shortly after learning it. The rate at which they forget then slows down over time. Every time the person

reviews the information, it causes them to forget less of it—which means they remember more. So it is

essential to review things you want to remember shortly after learning them. Over time, you can review

them less and less frequently.

Applying these strategies will help improve your memory so that you can access everything you

learn whenever you need it.

Four【徐汇一模】

Things to Do After You Study

Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session. But what you do

after studying could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information. Today on

Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest

and sleep.

When many students finish studying, they often go straight to another activity. But research suggests

that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. The basic idea is this: by reducing

your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. Resting is difficult when you have

too much stimulation from electronic devices, games, lights and so on.

While this might sound unusual to you, many studies have explored the benefits of resting after

learning - what is called “wakeful rest.” A 2019 study found that both young and older adults were able

to better remember, or recollect, information from prose passages after doing wakeful rest. The findings

appeared in Neuroscience Letters. This study involved 45 younger people and 40 elderly adults.” Wakeful

resting led to higher overall recollection in both age groups,” the researchers noted. If you want to give

“wakeful rest” a try, here are a few simple things to do. Rest quietly for five to ten minutes. Do not look

at your phone, read stories or play games. Just limit the amount of stimulation you get. It is really that

easy!

In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. The Division of Sleep Medicine at

Harvard Medical School notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways. A report on the school's

website explains that “a sleep-deprived person cannot focus attention optimally and therefore cannot learn

efficiently.” It also says, “sleep itself has a role in the consolidation of memory, which is essential for

learning new information.” Robert Stickgold, a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School, noted

that new memories can be hard to keep. “When we first form memories, they're in a very raw and fragile

form,” he said. Sleep is important for forming memories.

Now you have two suggestions for how to learn new information. Try to get some “wakeful rest”

after a study session. Then try to get a good night's sleep. That's a simple way to help you remember what

you learn.

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Five【虹口一模】

Want to be a Smart Gift Giver?

During all kinds of holidays, millions of people will buy gifts for loved ones, which is great except

that tons of those people will make the same glaring mistake, and buy the wrong gifts. What’s going on?

Gift buying has become a deceivingly selfish pursuit. We don’t actually look for things people want

to receive. Instead, we tend to look for things that we want to give. It’s a subtle, but pretty significant

problem.

Research has shown that givers tend to value the gifts they buy considerably more than receivers.

Gifts are valued roughly 10 to 33 percent less by receivers than what givers paid for them. Joel Waldfogel

noted this in Scroogenomics: Why You Shouldn’t Buy Presents for the Holidays, his 2009 book on gift-

giving.

The difference seems to come from a simple misplaced belief that thoughtful presents are the best

presents. They are not. In fact, they might just be the worst presents. The more thought you put into a

present, the more likely you are to stray from buying what the person you are buying the presents for

actually wants.

In other words, people let their gift-giving egos (自我) get in the way of great presents, especially

when the receiver is someone they want to show they know really well. Fortunately, the answer to our

collective insistence on guessing what people want is simple: stop it.

If that’s too impersonal, there’s another helpful rule of thumb (经验之谈). Instead of buying

restrictive gifts, like gift cards for specific stores, buy gifts that allow for flexibility, like gift cards that

can be used more broadly (or, better yet, cash). People tend to prefer gift cards to actual gifts, and cash to

both, Steffel explained. Steffel’s latest research, which focuses on gift card giving, points to exactly this

point -- that versatility (用途广泛) is the key to better gift giving.

Six【闵行一模】

Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat.” It’s a phrase that’s often used to warn

people, especially children, not to ask too many questions. Yet it’s widely agreed that curiosity actually

makes learning more effective. In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as

intelligence in determining how well students do in school.

Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveriesand open up new possibilities. In science,

basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits. For example, one day in 1831,

Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁) when he suddenly saw how

he could produce an electrical current. The discovery changed the world.

However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology. On one level, this

is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how

exactly things work anymore.

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In addition to this, there’s the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly

with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. All too often

we accept the images of people that social media provides up with. Then we feel we know enough about

a person not to need to engage further with them.

The final—and perhaps most worrying—way in which technology stops us from asking more has to

do with algorithms, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social

media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. That means we end up

inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas. Perhaps the real key to developing

curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.

Seven【普陀一模】

How to Protect Your Personal Privacy Online?

Cyber crimes are now part of today’s digital era, affecting people’s lives professionally as well as

personally. It is annoying but true that you do not actually have absolute control over who might be

watching you online. More than ever, government agencies have focused on fighting against illegal

surveillance ( 监控) programs, raising concerns about protecting online privacy. Here are some

suggestions for you to follow.

Evaluating your online activities is the most crucial task towards protecting your online privacy.

You need to assess what personal or private data you are storing or sharing on your computer/mobile

devices or online platforms. It is important to identify the value of your information and analyze the risks

such as: how safe is your data offline or online? What happens if your personal data gets leaked? These

are some basic questions so that you can take necessary steps to solve your online privacy issues.

Everything you do comes out once you go online. Your data is being misused by some advertisers

and online marketers. Some illegal programs make your system threatened, invade your privacy and steal

your confidential information. So, installing genuine and latest anti-virus software is critically important

to protect your devices from such threats. That is to use original or latest anti-virus software, browsers,

etc. Also, stay up-to-date with the current tools, methods and technology. You can reduce the risks by

becoming more educated on the leading tools, and methods available in the digital world. You should

learn and follow the security rules and pay attention to the information you share on social networking

sites.

To prevent unauthorized access to your system, you should choose a strong password string that will

never be easy for hackers to get. That is to enforce a strong password. And do not use one common

password for multiple services because if one service is broken, you’ll lose control of the others. Tony, a

security software maker, suggests that consumers should use different email addresses for different

purposes so that hackers cannot match an email stolen from a website to one from a bank.

Eight【青浦一模】

Changing Times Bring New Standards

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The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, have long been one of the film industry's

most famous awards. However, despite its 92-year history, the awards show has come under fire in recent

years for not recognizing enough multicultural performers and directors.

In response to this lack of representation, the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and

Sciences, the group that oversees the Oscars, has announced new diversity (多样性) requirements for

future films to be submitted to the Best Picture category in 2024.

They require nominees (提名者) to meet at least two out of four sets of standards, aiming to increase

inclusion for underrepresented groups — people of color, women and people with disabilities — both on

and off-screen. These standards include a minimum requirement for underrepresented groups at the

executive level.

Four years ago, OscarsSoWhite quickly drew attention, highlighting the absence of minority

representation among previous nominees. It also pointed out that the voting committee has been largely

white and male for decades, noted The New York Times.

Ever since, the Academy has looked to increase its diversity by promising to double female and

minority members in 2016. For example, the South-Korean film Parasite (《寄生虫》), which features

an all-Asian cast, won four Oscars at the 2020 Academy Awards.

However, the latest move has its doubters. Some have said that the awards body should be focusing

on awarding what they consider to be the best film, rather than limiting what can be nominated, noted

Forbes. Richard Grenell, the current US ambassador to Germany, also criticized the move, saying that

"It's no longer the Best Picture, it's the Most Politically Correct Picture."

Others, though, have praised the initiative. Culture critic Sonny Bunch wrote that, "The academy is

finally — finally! — doing something to ensure that underrepresented groups have a shot."

Arguably, The New York Times said it best. While it noted that the requirements were "easy for most

studios to satisfy''，the initiative will show voters the extent to which diversity standards were met.

Nine【长宁一模】

If you’re like most of the world, you make time for following friends on social media. That is not a

bad thing at all. Positive posting and communication can help improve your confidence and sense of

connection to others. It can be surprisingly easy, though, to unconsciously slip into less healthful behavior

on social media, and that can lead to anxiety and depression. New research has identified which habits

can lead to troubles.

Do you feel jealous every time you read on social media about your cousin’s beautiful new home or

your boss’ exciting European vacation? “Surveillance”（监视）of those you know in order to get an

inside look of their material success is a potentially destructive behavior, according to researchers at the

University of Missouri. Measuring material or lifestyle achievements of someone you know can lead to

negative feelings, and can easily lead you to create tension in a relationship where there was none.

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A second study by the University of Missouri found that people who post often -- about anything

and everything they are doing -- experience more troubles in their marriages and romantic relationships

than those who don’t post about their lives in detail. Another study by researchers at Boston University

also found that heavy social media users are 32% more likely to think about leaving their husbands or

wives.

This is most likely because over-sharing your life with others by direct messaging and posting

images can create relationship conflict. Not only are you potentially developing bonds with new people,

but also that bonding may deepen and affect your own relationship, according to the study of a doctoral

student, Russell Clayton.

Ten【金山一模】

Will people reduce car use in 20 years？

Nowadays, the ownership of cars is no longer being recognized as a symbol of one’s wealth and

social position. Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we

couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives.

Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects. These rising

problems also cause some people to predict that the use of cars might be reduced in two decades.

Above all, the use of cars remarkably threatens our environment, if such a tendency is not brought

under control in time, the Earth will no longer be a suitable place for humans to survive in the future.

People have to face the consequence. It is a reality from which no one is able to escape. Every day,

thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air. The carbon

dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect, which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative

impacts on weather. In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars.

In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, people ought to reduce the use

of cars.

In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars. If such a

tendency continues, the effect will be shown in the near future. For example, to reach the goal of building

a safe and harmonious society, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush

hours on working days. A number of private cars are prohibited on no-driving-days.

Last, the advancement of public transportation systems also helps change car owners’ way of

travelling. Efforts are being made to construct more agreeable networks of buses, subways, trains and

airplanes. In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public

vehicles.

Eleven【奉贤一模】

Population Change of European Birds

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The breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift over the past three decades, driven

by both climate crisis and human interferences, according to one of the world’s largest citizen science

projects on biodiversity.

Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. Dr. Iván Ramírez, senior head of conservation

at BirdLife Europe and central Asia, said: “Those birds that have been legally protected have been doing

better than those which are not protected. This is a really important message within the European Union.

We have one of the oldest policies – the Birds Directive – and we can prove that it works.”

In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching into northern and agricultural regions. In

parts of northern Europe, there has also been tree planting (mainly for wood and paper) and land

abandonment (specifically in Mediterranean areas), which benefited many woodland species such as

woodpeckers and warblers but caused damage to a number of other species as well. The research shows

a total of 25% of birds now occupy a smaller area.

Generally, farmland birds are bigger losers, suffering overall declines in population and reduced

distribution because agricultural intensification means there is less food, such as insects and remainder

from harvesting. The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were

in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UK’s farmland birds

have declined by 55% since 1970.

“Predictably, there are winners and losers. We can see how some species have expanded across the

continent rapidly and have begun to colonize UK wetlands. In contrast, we can see ranges shrinking as

species of northern Europe feel the impact of climate change, and species such as the dotterel are declining

in numbers and range in northern Britain,” he said.

Twelve【嘉定一模】

Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People

Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical

strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced

Nursing.

Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in

residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-

exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20

minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise,

traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements

and provide a comforting effect.

Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They

measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data

and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of

the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved

flexibility and better balance.

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Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art ( 武 术 ), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous

movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and

better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great

potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle

strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental

part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.”

Thirteen【浦东一模】

Solving the Problem of E-Waste

One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent

addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.

Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack

the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.

There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing

amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the

world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend

the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.

As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at

the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's

thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.

These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even

decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there

is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle

the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply

spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.

Fourteen【松江一模】

Storytelling

The art of storytelling is a respected skill. Over the course of history, community elders and

their stories have been regarded as treasures of society’s knowledge, history, and wisdom. Today, medical

and social science researchers are interested in more than just the importance of storytelling as a means

of teaching, but also overall health.

There have been lots of studies that have looked at the psychological and therapeutic effects of

storytelling. Perhaps one of the most interesting things in the world of the research of long life, however,

is the growing number of people with dementia (痴呆) who are benefiting from participating in group-

based community storytelling. Studies of the use of reminiscence (怀旧) therapy with people suffering

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from dementia have looked at the impact the therapy has on both mental function and quality of life,

which are positively influenced by the use of storytelling.

Experts say that storytelling also effectively fights against the initial denial that can arise when a

patient learns of a new diagnosis, or is asked to change deeply fixed behaviors which are definitely

influencing health in the long run. Patients may react to this news by thinking, “This is not directly related

to me,” or “My experience is somewhat different.” Stories help break down that denial by engaging the

listener, often through some degree of identification with the storyteller or one of the characters. The

magic of stories lies in the relatedness they promote. This is why many stories in advertisements are being

made full use of to reach the target customers.

Patients and doctors have understood the power of storytelling. Whether among patients in peer

support groups or between doctors and patients in the exam rooms or even between doctors during

consultations, storytelling is always playing the essential part.

Fifteen【杨浦一模】

What Is Zero Waste?

The goal of the “zero waste” movement is to get rid of all waste from products. “Zero waste” means

using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.

Creating a zero-waste restaurant is a challenge. It is very difficult to use every part of produce and

leave nothing behind. Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular way to use up extra food

items. Other ways are more advanced. Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes.

Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste

restaurants appear to be on the rise.

In the fashion industry, zero waste isn’t a new idea. But in today’s world of fast fashion, zero waste

is growing more popular. Usually, cutting cloth creates lots of waste. In zero waste fashion, designers try

to avoid this. One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way

is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.

Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products. All

restaurants need utensils（器皿）. Bakey’s is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils.

After using them, you can eat them! Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors.

While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat, they are perfect for rice dishes. Meanwhile, Air New

Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice. They have already

introduced a line of flavored cups. After you finish your coffee, you eat the cup, just like a cookie!

Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste

all over the world.

Sixteen【静安一模】

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Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant

booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years. And in Japan,

the world capital of solo dining, a trend for “low interaction dining” has taken off. Restaurants are opening

which facilitate the ultimate solo dining experience: passing bowls of noodles through black curtains into

individual booths.

Is this a worrying trend? We think so. Research is revealing the negative impacts of eating alone,

which has been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression

and diabetes to high blood pressure.

So it's cheering that hundreds of food sharing initiatives have sprung up around the world. There's

London's Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions of home-cooked food with people

in their area who aren't always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste.

Or there is South Africa's Food Jams, social gatherings in which participants are paired up, preferably

with strangers, and given a portion of the meal to prepare. Many participants interviewed mentioned that

their loneliness was greatly relieved. Such initiatives offer lessons of all kinds to those thinking about

how our food systems need to change. They also somewhat compensate for the undesirable outcomes

sole eating brings.

So why do people stop eating together? There are a variety of reasons. Authors such as Michael

Pollan argue that it is due to the fact that people attach less value to home-based labor, including cooking.

The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace

during the20th century, also contributed. Meanwhile, the growth in insecure and inconsistent working

patterns among a growing proportion of the population also discourages meals eaten communally.

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概要写作参考答案

评分标准:

（1）

本题总分为 10 分, 其中内容 5 分, 语言 5 分。

（2）

评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。

（3）

词数超过 60，酌情扣分。

各档次给分要求:

（1）

内容部分

A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。

B. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。

C. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。

D. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。

（2）

语言部分

A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

B. 基本能用自己的语言正确地表述，但连贯性较差，有少量不影响表意的语言错误。

C. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。

D. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

One【宝山一模】

参考答案：

The personality, the feeling and identity of the self, and subjective experience comprise a scientific

basis for the soul of a person. Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist. The soul can

also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature. There

is no reason to deny it scientifically. (60 words)

Two【黄浦一模】

参考答案：

Singapore’s information technology strategy depends on two major ways. One is to construct world-

class basic facilities by providing broad-band everywhere. The other is to teach each child information

technology whatever his family background is, providing computers to students and teachers. The strategy

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has aroused the recognition of most Singaporeans and the employers will hopefully have computer literate

employees. (58 words)

Three【崇明一模】

参考答案：

Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced. Firstly, instead of receiving what you

learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better.

Secondly, spend less time reviewing it each time but more frequently. Lastly, review it soon after the

learning. (49 words)

Four【徐汇一模】

参考答案：

There are two no-cost ways to help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep. Resting after

you study may help you remember what you studied. By reducing your activity after the study session,

your brain gets a chance to rest. In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.

(52 words)

Five【虹口一模】

参考答案：

Although many people buy gifts during holidays, some may choose the wrong gifts. They buy what

they want to give instead of what recipients prefer. As research shows, recipients value / appreciate gifts

far less than givers. Actually, thoughtful presents turn out the worst ones. Therefore, stopping buying gifts

or picking flexible ones, preferably cash, may work. (55 words)

Six【闵行一模】

参考答案：

Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries. However,

technology seriously endangers curiosity. It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each

other. Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas.

Therefore, to develop curiosity, we need to rely less on technology. (57 words)

Seven【普陀一模】

参考答案：

There are several ways for people to protect online privacy. First, evaluate online activities to make

sure the online information is secure. Second, it’s better to use original antivirus software and browsers

and keep up with the latest technology. Third, use a sufficiently secure password, and use different

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passwords and different email addresses for different purposes. (56 words)

Eight【青浦一模】

参考答案：

Recently Oscars have been blamed for not representing enough minorities, like people of color. To

make up for the lack of diversity, the governing body of Oscars has issued new criteria intending to

include more underrepresented people. Doubters argue Oscars shouldn't focus on political correctness but

quality of films, while advocates think the initiative will give minorities more opportunities. (59 words)

Nine【长宁一模】

参考答案：

It’s normal to follow others on social media. Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence

and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors may make you feel anxious and depressed.

Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings, and over-sharing your life

with others may also create relationship conflicts. (57 words)

Ten【金山一模】

参考答案：

Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused

many negative effects. First, by emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. Besides,

energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society. Therefore, the government has taken various

measures like restrictions. Last, public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech. (58words)

Eleven【奉贤一模】

参考答案：

European bird populations have changed dramatically due to climate change and human intervention.

Over one-third of birds have expanded breeding range, especially those legally protected. Global warming

enables forests to expand further, benefiting woodland inhabitants. However, intensive farming and

climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular. (54

words)

Twelve【嘉定一模】

参考答案：

A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls. Researchers divided 59 fall-prone

adults aged 78 on average into two groups. The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs

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showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise

group. Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health. (55 words)

Thirteen【浦东一模】

参考答案：

E-waste is one of the damaging problems due to low prices and lack of skills. However. here are

some solutions. First, it is a growing trend to repair electronic junks. Besides, e-waste mining is more

profitable to abstract valuable metals and reshape a new fashion for new technology. Furthermore,

manufacturers should make longer-lasting electrical items and supply spare parts for them. (60 words)

Fourteen【松江一模】

参考答案：

Besides being educational, storytelling is found effective in promoting overall health. Studies show

people suffering from dementia function better psychologically and their life quality is improved through

storytelling. Moreover, relatedness in storytelling can successfully help patients accept new diagnoses

and change deep-rooted behaviors. And its effects have been recognized among patients and doctors. (53

words)

Fifteen【杨浦一模】

参考答案：

Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity.

Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers. Fashion designers

either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, many companies are

creating edible products especially utensils. Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste

worldwide. (60 words)

Sixteen【静安一模】

参考答案：

The trend of sole dining is catching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and

mentally. Fortunately, food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and

combating loneliness. Eating together has declined because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home,

more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships. (56 words)

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