2024年2月13日发(作者：)

优点英语

冲刺2022高考英语名校最新模拟试题限时组合练习

专题04 阅读理解CD篇+完形填空+语法填空

（时间：40分钟

满分：46分）

第一节

（共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分）

A

（2022·山西·一模）A set of tusks (象牙) is usually an advantage for elephants,

allowing them to dig for water, peel bark for food and defend themselves. But during

episodes of intense ivory poaching, those big tusks may invite danger. Now researchers have

figured out how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to a greater number

of elephants that will never develop tusks.

During the conflict from 1977 to 1992, fighters on both sides killed elephants for ivory

to finance war efforts. In the region, around 90% of the elephants were killed. The survivors

were likely to share a key characteristic: half the females were naturally tuskless - they simply

never developed tusks - while before the war, less than a fifth lacked tusks.

After the war, those tuskless surviving females passed on their genes with expected,as

well as surprising, results. About half their daughters were tuskless. More confusing, two-thirds of their offspring (后代) were female. “The years of unrest changed the evolution in

that population,” said evolutionary biologist Shane Staton.

Most people think of evolution as something that proceeds slowly, but humans can hit

the accelerator. “When we think about natural selection,we think about it happening over

hundreds, or thousands of years,” said Samuel Wasser, a conservation biologist at the

University of Washington. “The fact that this dramatic selection for tusklessness happened

over 15 years is one of the most astonishing findings.”

Now the scientists are studying what more tuskless elephants means for the species and

its environment. “If an elephant doesn’t have the tool to peel bark from trees, then what chain

reaction will happen?”

1．What have researchers found out according to paragraph 1?

A．The function of tusks.

C．The fight against ivory poaching.

elephants.

2．What do paragraph 2 and 3 tell us about the elephants?

B．The influence ofeivil war.

D．Reasons for naturally tuskless

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A．Their pricey tusks.

C．Their endangered conditions.

3．What surprised Samuel about the findings?

A．The rapid speed of evolution.

C．Elephants’ population reduction.

B．Their evolution process.

D．Their sufferings during the war.

B．Elephants’ gender imbalance.

D．The diversity of natural selection.

4．Which might be one of the results of the chain reaction?

A．Elephants will die out soon. B．Elephants will shift their diet.

C．Elephants will suffer from starvation. D．Elephants will be replaced by other species.

B

（2022·山西·一模）It’s a connected world, and nearly every device, appliance, and

machine with some sort of computer running inside it can be connected to others through the

Internet of Things (IoT). What a great leap forward in this journey we call human civilization!

But does this recent advancement come with a dark secret that can someday turn on us? Are

smart devices spies around us?

Many smart appliances today, particularly smartphones and virtual assistants are

equipped with voice command capabilities. They can, therefore, listen to and record your

comments and conversations even after they’ve carried out your original command. Concerns

about devices turning on voice command by themselves and listening even when you do not

enable the feature have also been raised. The question then is: What actually happens when

your smart device is listening? How much information gets recorded, and where does this

eventually end up in?

Take a listening app called “Alphonso” as an example. You can’t download it directly

from the App Store, but it comes with some games and apps that you can fix. While you are

playing games on your smartphone, Alphonso comes to life and listens to what you are

watching on TV. It then records this information and sends it to some server somewhere, and

the data is analyzed to build a profile about your TV-viewing habits. Alphonso proves that

devices can listen to what you say and do.

Alphonso proves that devices can listen to what you say and do. Now, what’s to stop

devices from gathering other data? They can be made to look at chat and text messages or

your calendar, for example, everything about you would be fair game. Some popular smart

home platforms can control the platforms to fall silent but still remain active, capturing every

word you speak that can potentially land you in some sort of phishing (网络欺诈) trouble.

优点英语

This seems to be the price we have to pay for the convenience that technology gives us.

Privacy seems non-existent. So we should thus take steps to protect ourselves from this

eventuality.

5．What can we infer about IoT mentioned in paragraph 1?

A．People rely too much on IoT.

C．IoT can be a double-edged sword.

B．IoT spies are exactly among us.

D．IoT merely comes with a dark secret.

6．What is the potential risk associated with smart devices?

A．Voice command capabilities

C．Original command recognition.

B．Personal data and identity theft.

D．Location-based tracking function.

7．Why does the author take “Alphonso” as an example?

A．To present how smart devices send ads.

B．To introduce the advantage of voice commands.

C．To show the usage of downloading listening app.

D．To explain how hidden app steal people’s privacy.

8．Where dose the article go next?

A．Ways to prevent information leakage.

C．Tricks of obtaining sensitive information.

technologies.

第二节

（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

（2022·广东茂名·二模）On a warm pre-spring afternoon, I sat on the balcony,

enjoying the weather and a good book. Some birds sang softly for the coming of spring.

I ____9____ my head at the sound of a train’s horn wailing into the still air. I watched

the rail cars roll by. The full cars rumbled（隆隆响）past, but the ____10____ ones, rattled（嘎吱地响）and banged along, making more noise. They’re ____11____ for the ears. The

____12____ between the full and empty cars makes me think of the people in my life.

I remember Don, who gave me a ____13____ at his company. It was a pleasure to work

under his leadership. He didn’t order his ____14____; he guided them. During our first

weekly meeting, he asked me, “What did you accomplish last week?” I ____15____, unsure

of what to say. Don then asked, “What are your plans for this week?” I stumbled（结巴）again. Those two ____16____ led me to think and plan. From then on, each meeting I showed

up with my ____17____ for the week and plans for the next.

Another empty rail car rattled by, reminding me of a former co-worker. When I was

B．Reasons for the loss of personal data.

D．Methods of interactions with

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working on a trouble, he would _____18_____ me. I ignored him and tried to _____19_____

my task but I couldn’t. I had been sure of myself but his words made me _____20_____ my

abilities.

You meet quiet and noisy ones as you travel through _____21_____ The quiet ones are full of

_____22_____: great leaders and mentors(导师). The noisy ones: empty of knowledge. They

think they can _____23_____ those around them by making a lot of noise and make

themselves look important. In reality, they are just empty cars.

9．A．buried

10．A．empty

11．A．strange

12．A．interaction

13．A．prize

14．A．colleagues

15．A．hesitated

B．lifted

B．old

B．clear

B．comparison

B．job

B．customers

B．admitted

C．shook

C．slow

C．bearable

C．similarity

C．hand

C．assistants

C．escaped

C．questions

D．scratched

D．dirty

D．painful

D．competition

D．call

D．employees

D．smiled

D．messages 16．A．explanations B．suggestions

17．A．preparations B．challenges

C．approaches

18．A．tease

19．A．put off

20．A．recognize

21．A．life

22．A．patience

23．A．fool

D．accomplishments

B．praise

B．clean up

B．doubt

B．nature

B．creativity

B．defeat

C．interrupt

C．focus on

C．predict

C．space

C．courage

C．educate

D．observe

D．carry out

D．lose

D．history

D．knowledge

D．amuse

第三节

（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

（2022·四川·内江市教育科学研究所一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese carmakers are taking the lead in developing the intelligent cockpit (驾驶座舱),____24____ is becoming a key part of the modern driving experience.

Intelligent cockpits combine smart technologies with ____25____ (vary) driving

functions, such as voice recognition for vehicle commands and the entertainment and

navigation (导航) systems.

According to a report ____26____ (publish) by patent research firm PatSnap last week,

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globally there have been 193, 000 patent applications related ____27____ intelligent

cockpits.

Of those, China owns 82, 300 applications, accounting for 42.56 percent of the total and

____28____ (rank) first worldwide. It means that the country has become the ____29____

(much) important market for intelligent cockpit technology, according to the report.

Japan ranks ____30____ (two) with 31, 900 patent applications and the United States

follows with 19, 300. The patent applications of the top three nations account for around 70

percent of the total.

A representative from PatSnap has said the three countries represent the development

trend of the automobile industry to a certain degree as they ____31____ (be) the three largest

auto producers worldwide.

It can ____32____ (see) that under the global trend of autonomous, connected, electric

and shared vehicles, the intelligent cockpit has become one of the vital development

______33______ (direction) of the future of mobility, the report said.

优点英语

参考答案：

1．D

2．B

3．A

4．B

【解析】

【导读】

本文是说明文。文章讲述了莫桑比克大象因为多年的内战和偷猎，在进化过程中导致了无象牙大象的出现，文章分析了进化的原因以及可能导致的结果。

1．

细节理解题。根据第一段的“Now researchers have figured out how years of civil war and

poaching in Mozambique have led to a greater number of elephants that will never develop

tusks.(

现在，研究人员已经弄清莫桑比克多年的内战和偷猎是如何导致大量的大象永远长不出象牙的。)”可知，研究人员弄清楚了天生没有象牙的大象的原因。故选D。

2．

推理判断题。根据第二段的“The survivors were likely to share a key characteristic: half the

females were naturally tuskless - they simply never developed tusks - while before the war, less

than a fifth lacked tusks.(这些幸存者很可能共享一个关键特征:一半的雌性天生没有象牙——它们从来没有长出象牙——而在战前，只有不到五分之一的大象没有象牙。)”和第三段内容“After the war, those tuskless surviving females passed on their genes with expected,as well as

surprising, results. About half their daughters were tuskless. More confusing, two-thirds of their

offspring (后代) were female. ‘The years of unrest changed the evolution in that population,’ said

evolutionary biologist Shane Staton.(战争结束后，这些没有象牙的幸存雌性大象将它们的基因遗传给了下一代，结果出乎意料，也令人惊奇。大约一半的女儿没有象牙。更令人困惑，三分之二的后代是女性。进化生物学家Shane Staton说:“多年的动荡改变了这一种群的进化。”)”可推断，二、三两段讲述了大象的进化过程。故选B。

3．

细节理解题。根据第四段Samuel Wasser说的话“The fact that this dramatic selection for

tusklessness happened over 15 years is one of the most astonishing findings.(

这种对无象牙的戏剧性的选择发生在15年期间，是最令人惊讶的发现之一。)”可知，Samuel吃惊进化的速

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度。故选A。

4．

推理判断题。根据最后一段的“If an elephant doesn’t have the tool to peel bark from trees, then

what chain reaction will happen?(

如果大象没有剥树皮的工具，那么会发生什么连锁反应呢?)”可推断，这种连锁反应可能导致的结果是大象饮食的转变。故选B。

5．C

6．B

7．D

8．A

【解析】

【导语】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了智能设备在提供方便的同时，也会有一些潜在的风险。

5．

推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s a connected world, and nearly every device, appliance, and

machine with some sort of computer running inside it can be connected to others through the

Internet of Things (IoT). What a great leap forward in this journey we call human civilization! But

does this recent advancement come with a dark secret that can someday turn on us? Are smart

devices spies around us?（这是一个相互联系的世界，几乎所有的设备，家用电器，以及运行着某种计算机的机器，都可以通过物联网与其他设备相互联系。在这个我们称之为人类文明的旅程中，这是一个多么大的大跃进啊！但是最近的进步是否伴随着某天会转向我们的黑暗秘密呢？智能设备会在我们周围监视吗？）”可知，通过物联网与其他设备相互联系，是人类文明的进步，但进步也伴随着风险，即泄露我们的秘密，所以可推知，IoT是一把双刃剑。故选C。

6．

细节理解题。根据第二段中“While you are playing games on your smartphone, Alphonso comes

to life and listens to what you are watching on TV. It then records this information and sends it to

some server somewhere, and the data is analyzed to build a profile about your TV-viewing habits.

Alphonso proves that devices can listen to what you say and do.（当你在智能手机上玩游戏的时候，Alphonso会激活，并且听到了你在电视上看到的东西。然后记录下这些信息，发送到某个服务器上，然后分析这些数据，建立你看电视习惯的档案。Alphonso

证明了设备可

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以听到你说的和做的。）”可知，智能设备会记录我们的数据，并发送到某个服务器上，从而窃取了我们的信息。选项B与文意相符，故选B。

7．

推理判断题。根据第二段中“While you are playing games on your smartphone, Alphonso comes

to life and listens to what you are watching on TV. It then records this information and sends it to

some server somewhere, and the data is analyzed to build a profile about your TV-viewing habits.

Alphonso proves that devices can listen to what you say and do.（当你在智能手机上玩游戏的时候，Alphonso会激活，并且听到了你在电视上看到的东西。然后记录下这些信息，发送到某个服务器上，然后分析这些数据，建立你看电视习惯的档案。Alphonso

证明了设备可以听到你说的和做的。）”推知，通过实例解释了智能设备窃取我们信息的过程，选项D符合题意，故选D。

8．

推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“So we should thus take steps to protect ourselves from

this eventuality.（因此，我们应该采取措施，保护自己免受这种可能性。）”可知，此处提出了要保护我们免遭危险的办法是采取措施，所以接下来的内容可能描述一些具体的保护方法。选项A符合题意，故选A。

9．B

10．A

11．D

12．B

13．B

14．D

15．A

16．C

17．D

18．A

19．C

20．B

21．A

22．D

优点英语

23．A

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者在温暖的早春午后，坐在阳台上，享受着好天气和一本好书，然后被通过的火车打破了这种宁静的画面。作者听到装满货物的车厢和空车厢发出不同的声音，联想到人生中遇到的形形色色的人。

9．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：火车的喇叭声在寂静的空气中呼啸，我抬起了头。A. buried埋葬；B. lifted抬起；C. shook摇晃；D. scratched刮伤。根据下文“I watched the rail cars roll

by.”可知，作者抬起头看火车驶过。故选B项。

10．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：满载的火车隆隆驶过，但空车嘎吱地响，砰砰作响，发出更多的噪音。A. empty空的；B. old旧的；C. slow慢的；D. dirty脏的。根据上文“The full

cars rumbled past”以及空前的but表示转折可知，此处表示空车驶过的声音。下文“The

between the full and empty cars makes me think of the people in my life.”也是提示。故选A项。

11．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得耳朵疼。A. strange奇怪的；B. clear清晰的；C.

bearable可忍受的；D. painful痛苦的。根据上文“The full cars rumbled past, but the

____2____ ones, rattled and banged along, making more noise.”可知，火车驶过发出的声音使耳朵痛苦。故选D项。

12．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：满载的火车和空车的比较让我想起了我生活中的人。A.

interaction互动；B. comparison比较；C. similarity相似性；D. competition竞争。根据上文“The full cars rumbled past, but the ____2____ ones, rattled and banged along, making more

noise.”可知，此处表示满载的火车与空车进行比较。故选B项。

13．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记起唐，他在他的公司给了我一份工作。A. prize奖品；B.

job工作；C. hand手；D. call电话。根据下文“It was a pleasure to work under his leadership.”可知，唐在自己的公司给了作者一份工作。故选B项。

优点英语

14．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有命令他的员工；他引导他们。A. colleagues同事；B.

customers客户；C. assistants助理；D. employees员工。根据上文“It was a pleasure to work

under his leadership.”以及下文“During our first weekly meeting, he asked me, “What did you

accomplish last week?””可知，作者是唐的员工，唐没有命令员工。故选D项。

15．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我犹豫了一下，不知道该说什么。A. hesitated犹豫；B.

admitted承认；C. escaped逃脱；D. smiled微笑。根据下文“unsure of what to say.”可知，作者不知道该说什么，所以作者犹豫了一下。故选A项。

16．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两个问题促使我思考和计划。A. explanations解释；B.

suggestions建议；C. questions问题；D. messages信息。根据上文“What did you accomplish

last week?”以及“What are your plans for this week?”可知，唐问作者的两个问题促使作者思考和计划。故选C项。

17．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，每次会议我都会带着本周的成就和下一周的计划出席。A. preparations准备；B. challenges挑战；C. approaches方法；D. accomplishments成就。根据上文“What did you accomplish last week?”可知，唐询问作者上周取得了什么成就，所以此处表示作者总是会带着本周的成就出席会议。故选D项。

18．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我遇到麻烦时，他会取笑我。A. tease取笑；B. praise表扬；C. interrupt打断；D. observe观察。根据下文“his words made me ____12____ my abilities.”可知，这位前同事会在作者遇到麻烦时取笑作者。故选A项。

19．

考查动词短语辨析。句意：我无视他，试图专注于我的任务，但我做不到。A. put off推迟；B. clean up清理；C. focus on专注于；D. carry out执行。根据下文“I had been sure of

myself but his words made me ____12____ my abilities.”可知，作者做不到专注于自己的任务。故选C项。

20．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对自己有信心，但他的话让我怀疑自己的能力。A. recognize

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认识；B. doubt怀疑；C. predict预测；D. lose失去。根据上文“When I was working on a

trouble, he would ____10____ me.”可知，前同事取笑作者的话使得作者怀疑自己的能力。故选B项。

21．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人生旅途中，你会遇到安静和吵闹的人。A. life人生；B.

nature自然；C. space空间；D. history历史。根据语境，此处表示在人生中，你会遇见不同的人。故选A项。

22．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：安静的人充满知识：伟大的领导者和导师。A. patience耐心；B. creativity创造力；C. courage勇气；D. knowledge知识。根据下文“great leaders and

mentors”

和“ The noisy ones: empty of knowledge”可知，安静的人是充满知识的人。故选D项。

23．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们认为他们可以通过制造大量噪音来愚弄周围的人，让自己看起来很重要。A. fool愚弄；B. defeat失败；C. educate教育；D. amuse娱乐。根据下文“by making a lot of noise”可知，吵闹的人认为他们可以通过制造噪音来愚弄人们。故选A项。

24．which

25．various##varied

26．published

27．to

28．ranking

29．most

30．second

31．are##have been

32．be seen

33．directions

【解析】

【分析】

优点英语

这是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国汽车制造商在开发智能座舱方面处于世界领先地位，智能座舱正成为现代驾驶体验的重要组成部分。

24．

考查定语从句。句意：中国汽车制造商在开发智能座舱方面处于领先地位，智能座舱正成为现代驾驶体验的重要组成部分。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the

intelligent cockpit，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语，指代事物。故填which。

25．

考查形容词。句意：智能驾驶舱将智能技术与多种驾驶功能结合在一起，比如车辆命令的语音识别、娱乐和导航系统。根据后文名词functions可知，此处应用形容词various或varied作定语修饰名词。故填various/varied。

26．

考查非谓语动词。句意：根据专利研究公司PatSnap上周发布的一份报告，全球有19.3万件与智能驾驶舱内相关的专利申请。非谓语动词publish和所修饰的名词report之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填published。

27．

考查介词。句意：根据专利研究公司PatSnap上周发布的一份报告，全球有19.3万件与智能驾驶舱内相关的专利申请。relate to“与……有关”是固定搭配。故填to。

28．

考查非谓语动词。句意：其中，中国有82,300人申请，占总数的42.56%，位居世界第一。非谓语动词rank和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，和前文accounting并列。故填ranking。

29．

考查最高级。句意：报告称，这意味着中国已成为智能座舱技术最重要的市场。根据句意可知，此处用most构成形容词important的最高级。故填most。

30．

考查序数词。句意：日本以31,900件专利申请排名第二，美国以19,300件紧随其后。根据句意可知，此处应用序数词表示“排名第二”。故填second。

31．

考查时态。句意：PatSnap的一位代表表示，这三个国家在一定程度上代表了汽车行业的发展趋势，因为它们是（已经成为）世界上最大的三个汽车生产商。根据句意可知，此处描

优点英语

述现在事实，故可用一般现在时；也可用现在完成时，表示过去的状态对现在的影响，意为“已经成为”。主语为复数，故填are/have been。

32．

考查被动语态。句意：报告称，可以看出，在自动驾驶、互联、电动和共享汽车的全球趋势下，智能座舱已成为未来移动的重要发展方向之一。谓语动词see和主语（it为形式主语，替代后面that引导的主语从句）之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，情态动词后接动词原形。故填be seen。

33．

考查名词复数。句意：报告称，可以看出，在自动驾驶、互联、电动和共享汽车的全球趋势下，智能座舱已成为未来移动的重要发展方向之一。根据前文one of可知，此处应用可数名词direction的复数形式。故填directions。

优点英语