2024年1月27日发(作者：)

落堕市安心阳光实验学校高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（十）

重点单词详解

1．determine

vt.(使)下决心；(使)做出决定；确定；测定vi. 决定；决心(on

/ upon)

determine to do sth 决心 / 决定做某事

determine sb to do sth 使某人下决心做某事

determine on / upon sth / doing sth 决定 / 决心做某事

determined adj.有决心的

be determined to do sth 决定 / 决心做某事

be determined ＋ that 从句 (从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气)

1)They ________ ________where the new hospital will be built. 他们已经决定在何处建医院。

2)My teacher's encouragement________me to go on with my English. 老师的鼓励使我下决心继续学习英语。

3)We ________ on an early start. 我们决定早点出发。

4)I left her, ________ never to set foot in that house. 我离开了她，决心不再走进那房子。

5)We ________ ________ that this should never be allowed to happen again.

我们下定了决心不让这样的事情再发生。

【答案】1)have determined 2)determined 3)determined 4)determining

5)were determined

(1)用determine的适当形式填空

1)It's often difficult ________ ________ the meaning of a word without

a context.

2)She is a very ________woman.

3)The boy ________ ________ ________ to be a soldier for a long time.

【答案】 1)to determine 2)determined 3)has been determined

(2)名校押题

He was determined that his child ________ to the best school available.

A．should go B．went C．ought to go D．would go

【答案与解析】 A 在require, order和be determined从句中，应该使用虚拟语气。题意：他决心让他的孩子上最好的学校。

2．concern

n. 关心；关切；关注

vt. 涉及；关系到；使担心

be concerned about / for / over sb / sth 关心某人 / 某事

be concerned with sb / sth 与某人(事)有关；牵涉到某人(事)

concern oneself with sth 对……感兴趣

so / as be concerned 就……而论；就……来说

关于；涉及

concerning prep. 关于

1)______ ______ him, I have nothing to say. 关于他，我无话可说。

2)The case ________ ________ ________ with me any longer. 这件事不再与我有关。

3)______ ______ _______ the quality _______ _______， the coat is worth

buying. 就质量而言，这大衣买得值。

4)A good teacher should always ________himself ________his students. 一个好老师应该时刻关心自己的学生。

【答案】 1)As concerns 2)is not concerned 3)As / So far as；is

concerned 4)concern；with

(1)用concern的适当形式填空

1)Please don't let my illness ________ you.

2)In short, the writing style ________ not what a writer says but how

he says it.

3)We shall have to consult with the other countries ________.

4)Our main ________ is that the boy is in poor health.

【答案】 1)concern 2)concerns 3)concerned 4)concern

(2)名校押题

1) I'll publish my results only when I have ________ my research.

A．concerned B．connected C．conducted

D．concluded

【答案与解析】 D 题意：只有在我结束研究之后，我才会公开我的结论。concern “关心；有关系”；connect“联系”；conduct“处理；指导”；conclude“完成；结束”。

2) The speech which he made ________the project bothered me greatly.

A．being concerned B．be concerned C．concerned

D．concerning

【答案与解析】 D 题意：他做的有关那个课题的演说使我非常厌烦。concerning 介词，表示“关于”之意。

3．annoy

vt. 打扰；干扰；使恼怒

annoyed adj.感到烦恼的；恼怒的

annoying adj.令人烦恼的；令人生气的

be annoyed with sb 对某人生气

be annoyed at / about sth 为某事生气

annoyance n．生气；烦恼

to one's annoyance 让某人恼火的是……

1)The way he constantly orders us to do this or that really _____us all.

他不断命令我们干这干那的方式的确使我们都很恼火。

2)It's ________to be asked about some personal affairs. 被查问私事是令人恼火的。

3)What are you getting ________about? 你为什么事生气？

4)She was much _______to see that all the guests had left. 看到所有客人都走了，她非常生气。

【答案】 1)annoys 2)annoying 3)annoyed 4)annoyed

(1)完成句子

1)She is annoyed ________the man often calls in the middle of the night.2)________greatly annoyed the boy to be kept standing outside the

classroom so long.

3)It really ________me when you don't listen to what I'm saying.

4)________the teacher's annoyance, the boy was late again.

【答案】 1)that 2)It 3)annoys 4)To

(2)名校押题

Recently Peter ________to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting

his time playing computer games, which extremely annoys his father.

A．had been refusing B．has been refusing C．was refusing

D．Refused

【答案与解析】 B 题意：最近彼得一直拒绝做作业，相反坚持把时间浪费在打电脑游戏上，这让他爸爸非常懊恼。此句是用现在时，且强调的是现在这一情况未改变。

4. aware adj.知道的；意识到的；明白的；察觉到的

be aware of sth 从句 发觉……；注意到……

be aware that 注意到……；发觉……

1)I was not _______of her presence until she spoke to me. 直到她跟我说话我才发现她到场了。

2)Are you ________of the dangers of your position? 你有没有意识到你的处境很危险？

3)She is far too ________to believe these lies. 她很明智不会相信这些谎言了。

4)He is ________of a sense of guilt. 他感觉到内心有愧。

【答案】 1)aware / sensible 2)aware / sensible 3)sensible

4)conscious

aware, conscious和sensible用法辨析

conscious 有知觉的；清醒的；蓄意的

sensible 明智的；合情理的；切合实际的

注意：aware, conscious和sensible均有“意识到”的意思，但aware指感官可及的外界事物， conscious指内心意识到的感觉，sensible与aware接近。

(1)完成句子

1) ________you ________that your son have trouble at school?

2)She is well ________how risky this business is.

3)It is ________of the girl to bring an umbrella.

【答案】 1)Are; aware 2)aware 3)sensible

(2)名校押题

Though the man was badly hurt in the accident, he was still ________and

could think clearly.

A．awake B．aware C．confused D．conscious

【答案与解析】 D 题意：这男子在事故中严重受伤，但他仍然神志清醒，思维清晰。awake “醒的”与asleep相反；aware “知道的；注意到的”；confused“感到迷惑不解的”；conscious“有知觉的；头脑清醒的”。

5．comment

v．评论；发表意见n.评论；评语

comment on / upon 对……发表意见；批评；评论

comment ＋ that 从句 评论说……

make comments on / 评论某事

no comment 无可奉告

without comment 不加评论

1)—Would you like to ________ on any troublesome students in your

class？你愿意谈谈对你们班调皮学生的看法吗？

—Sorry, ________ ________！对不起，无可奉告。

2)“This house must be very old，” he ________. “这幢房子一定很古老了，”他说道。

3)Everyone ________loudly on his absence. 每一个人都就他未出席一事大声议论。

4)Tom once _____for a magazine. 汤姆曾经给一本杂志写评论。

【答案】 1)comment; no comment 2)remarked 3)remarked 4)reviewed

comment，remark和review

review作及物动词，意思是“复习；写(书、戏剧等)评论；检阅()”。其也可作名词，如a general review “总复习”；reviews of new books “新书书评”。

remark作动词，意思是“评论；说到；议论”。其也可作名词，如make no

remark“不加评论”；make a few remarks“讲几句话”；remark on / upon /

“就……发表评论”。

但要注意的是，remark是通过评论希望引起人们对某事的注意；而comment是用揭露或补充细节等办法来阐明或评论。

(1)用comment, remark或review的适当形式填空

1)It's impolite to ________about a girl's appearance.

2)Before falling asleep, Helen ________the day's happenings.

3)Napoleon would always ask the same three questions in the same order

when he ________his army.

4)I hope your new book gets favorable ________.

【答案】 1)comment / remark 2)reviewed 3)reviewed 4)reviews

(2)名校押题

It's natural that their ________ to the joke is just to laugh.

A．comment B．opinion C．impression D．reaction

【答案与解析】 D 题意：他们对这个笑话的反应只是笑笑是非常自然的。comment“评价”；opinion“意见”；impression“印象”，均不合题意。

6．mass n. [C]团；块；堆 n. [U]质量；物质

adj. 大众的；以大众为特征的；大规模进行(完成)的；完整的；全部的；完全的

a mass of / masses of 大量；大批；众多

the masses 群众

the mass of大部分的

a mass of“大量；大批； 众多”，后面既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。

mass education 大众教育

mass communication 大众传播

mass production 大规模生产

1)There were ________ ________dark clouds in the sky. 天空乌云密布。

2)________ ________ ________snow and rocks broke away and fell on the

climbers. 一堆积雪和岩石突然崩落到登山者的身上。

3)She elbowed her way through the ________ ________tourists. 她用胳膊肘开路从游客中挤了过去。

4)I got ________ ________cards on my birthday. 我生日的那天收到了很多贺卡。

【答案】 1)masses of 2)A mass of 3)masses of 4)masses of

(1)完成句子

The flowers made________ ________ ________ color against the stone wall.

在石墙的衬托下，这些花朵五彩缤纷。

【答案】 a mass of

(2)名校押题

The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that the

audience took ________ pictures of them.

of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large

amount of

【答案与解析】 B masses of 后接可数名词与不可数名词均可； a large

amount of和不可数名词连用。

7．assist

vt. & vi. 帮助；援助；协助

assist sb with / in sth 帮某人做某事

assist sb in doing sth 帮某人做某事

assistance n. 帮助；协助

assistant n. 助手；助理

1)You will be required to ________ Mrs Smith in preparing a report. 你将要协助史密斯夫人准备一份报告。

2)I am willing to ________ whenever there is an opportunity. 有机会的话我随时愿意帮忙。

【答案】 1)assist 2)assist

(1)完成句子

Two men ________ ________ the police in their enquiries. 有两个人正在配合警方的询问。

【答案】 are assisting

(2)名校押题

A team of nurses ________the doctor ________performing the operation.A．depended; on B．assisted; in C．helped; from D．conducted;

in

【答案与解析】 B 题意：一组护士协助医生做手术。assist sb in doing

sth“帮某人做某事”。

8．latter

adj. (刚提及的两者中)后者的；(系列中)最后的；末尾的；后半期的；后面的

n. (常与the连用)the latter (刚提及的两者中)后者；(系列中)最后一位；末位

lately adv. 后来的；以后的 adv. 以后；后来

late adj. 晚年的；近深夜的

latest adj. 最新的

later adj. 后来的；以后

1)Here are Tom and David; ________ ________ is my brother. 这是汤姆和

戴维；后者是我的兄弟。

2)Did he go walking or swimming? ________ ________ seems unlikely. 他是去散步还是游泳去了？后者看来不太可能。

【答案】 1)the latter 2)The latter

(1)完成句子

There are plastic and wooden chairs, but ________ are more expensive.

在这里买塑料椅和木制椅，只是后者更贵些。

【答案】 the latter

(2)名校押题

—I have two suggestions: one is to go to the cinema, and the other is

to have a drink.

—Well, personally I prefer the ________ one. I don't like films very

much.

A．late B．latter C．latest D．last

【答案与解析】 B 表示刚提及的两者中的后者用the latter one。

重点短语详解

1．give away 泄露(秘密)；颁发；捐赠；告发(某人)

give back 归还；使……恢复

give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交；递交

give out 分发；散发；公布；宣布；用完

give off 发出(气味、气体、烟等)

give up 放弃；认输；自首；对……不抱希望

give sb a hand 帮某人一把

1)Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ________

________ the shocking ending. 在故事的开头别提起那个，否则有可能泄露了令人震撼的结尾部分。

2)If a person hasn't had enough sleep, his actions will ________him

________in the day time. 如果一个人晚上没有睡好觉，白天他的行为会显露出来。

3)We have invited a famous former student to ________ ________ the prizes.

我们已经邀请了一位知名的校友来颁发奖品。

4)The English teacher ________ ________ the examination papers at 7：40.英语老师于7：40把试卷发下去了。

5)They ________ ________ a large sum of money to the people of the flooded

area. 他们向受灾地区的人们捐赠了一大笔钱。

【答案】 1)give away 2)give; away 3)give away 4)gave out 5)gave

away

(1)用适当的词组填空

1)Liu Hulan would rather die than give ________ her comrades.

2)Do you think the murderer will give himself ________ to the police?

3)The argument went on hours as neither side would give ________.

4)I can't answer the puzzle; I give ________.

5)The girl gave ________her job to look after her mother in hospital.

6)The news of the event was given ________over the radio.

【答案】 1)away 2)up 3)in 4)up 5)up 6)out

(2)名校押题

—I can't get on well with some of my classmates. They just leave me in

the cold.

—________. But what's the reason?

A．Sorry to hear that B．Forget it C．Don't mention it D．Never

give up

【答案与解析】 A 考查交际用语。听到别人与同学相处得不好，属于不幸的事情，应表示同情。forget it与下文不相符；don't mention it“不用谢”；never give up“坚持下去”，不合题意。

2．drop out 退出；退学；掉出来

drop out of sth 从……中退出

drop asleep ＝ fall asleep 睡着

drop behind ＝ fall behind 落后(于某人)

drop by(美) 顺便拜访(某地方)

drop in 顺便拜访

drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人

drop in at some place 顺便拜访某地

1)The boy was so careless that the glass ________ ________ ________ his

hand and broke into pieces. 这男孩非常粗心，结果杯子从手上落下来摔成了碎片。

2)Not content with the judge, the three runners ________ ________. 对裁判不满，三位选手退出了比赛。

3)To get Japan to give up, the USA ________two atomic bombs in 1945.为了促使投降，在1945年投下了两颗原子弹。

4)Our team ________ ________ the others in the league matches when a third

of the players went on holiday. 我们队由于三分之一的队员在度假，因而在联赛上落后于其他队。

【答案】 1)dropped out of 2)dropped out 3)dropped 4)fell behind /

dropped behind

(1)用drop相关的词或短语填空

1)—We really enjoy ourselves at the party. Thanks again, Mr and Mrs

White.

—Nice having you here. Just ________ ________ whenever you feel like

it.

2)Joe Jones, the eldest of the seven children, had to ________ ________

________ high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm.

3)I agree to his suggestion on the condition that he ________ all

charges.

【答案】 1)drop in / drop by 2)drop out of 3)drops

(2)名校押题

The most important word in this sentence has been ________， so it doesn't

make any sense.

A．left out B．held out C．dropped out D．made

out

【答案与解析】 A leave out“漏掉”；hold out“伸出；提供；提出”；drop out“离开；退出；掉出”；make out“开出；填写；辨认出”。题意：句子中的最重要单词被遗漏掉，所以这个句子不能表达任何意思。

3．turn one's back on sb / sth不理睬；背弃；拒绝

turn one's back to 背向着……；转身

back and forth 来回的

back to back 背靠背

back out (of) 变卦，食言

back up 支持；使堵塞

hold back 阻挡；隐瞒(消息等)；抑制(眼泪)

hold sb back from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

talk back 顶嘴

1)He is a warm－hearted man and he's never ________ ________ ________

________ a person who's in trouble. 他是一个热心肠的人，从来不会对那些有困难的人置之不理。

2)I hope I can depend on you not to ________ ________ at the last moment.

我希望能信赖你，不至于在最后关头变卦。

3)I wouldn‘t have succeeded in passing the exam if you hadn’t ________me

________.如果没有你的支持，我不会成功通过考试的。

【答案】 1)turned his back on 2)back out 3)back; up

(1)用back相关的词或词组填空

1)I'm used to walking ________ ________ ________ in the room while

thinking about a problem.

2)The teacher asked us to sit ________ ________ ________ on the

grassland.

3)It's impolite to pat somebody on the ________ while he or she is doing

his or her work.

4)You're ________ ________ the secret from me.

【答案】 1)back and forth 2)back to back 3)back

4)holding back

(2)名校押题

When the teacher told the boy to sit down, he ________ to her and said

she couldn't make him.

A．gave way B．talked back C．looked up D．got down

【答案与解析】 B 题意：当老师叫男孩坐下时，他顶嘴说她不能强迫他(坐下)。give way“让路”；look up (to) “抬头看；尊敬”；get down to“开始干正事”。

4．make up 编造；虚构(故事等)；化妆；组成；构成；补足；补充；和解；言归于好

make it 成功做到；达到某一特定目标

be made up of ＝ 由……组成

make out 填写(表格)；开出(支票)；辨认出；理解；假装

make for 走向；有利于；袭击；冲向

make up for 补偿；弥补

1)She is very quick at ________ ________ excuses. 她非常善于编借口。

2)The quarrel lasted a few years and finally they ________ ________. 争吵持续了好几年，最终他们言归于好。

3)The toy cost a dollar and Tom had only fifty cents so his father ________

________ the rest. 玩具要一美元，而汤姆只有50美分，所以爸爸把剩余的钱补上了。

4)Generally, girls would prefer to ________ ________. 一般来说，女孩子更爱打扮。

【答案】 1)making up 2)made up 3)made up4)make up

(1)用make相关的词组填空

1)It's difficult for me to ________ ________ his handwriting.

2)We got up too late and I didn't think we would ________ ________.

3)Society ________ ________ ________ ________ people with different

abilities.

4)In order to escape being scolded by his father for his not being able

to pass the exam, the boy ________ ________that he had been ill.

【答案】 1)make out 2)make it 3)is made up of 4)made out

(2)名校押题

1) We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite ________as

planned.

A．turn up B．turn out C．make up D．make out

【答案与解析】 B 题意：我们本来想在天黑之前赶回家，但结果发现没有如期实现。turn up“出现；露面”；turn out “结果是”；make up“构成；和解；化妆”；make out“辨别出；假装”。

2) Some people tried to separate our country by taking illegal actions,

which didn't exactly ________racial harmony.

A．make it B．make for C．make out D．make up

【答案与解析】 B make it“成功”；make for“有利于”；make out“理解；明白”；make up“编造；虚构”，根据题意应选B项。

5．come into being 开始形成；存在

come into sight 进入视线；开始看见

come into 与……接触；与……联系

come into effect / force 开始生效

come into fashion 开始流行

come into flower开花

come into use开始使用

come into consideration考虑

come into power开始执政；当权

1)When an embryo ________ ________ ________， a new life is expected to

arrive soon.当一个胚胎开始形成时，一个新的生命很快就会诞生。

2)A plan on her plastic surgery ________ ________ ________ ________.关于她整容的方案已经形成。

【答案】 1)comes into being 2)has come into being

名校押题

Scientists have quite a few different theories about how the universe

________ into being.

A．came B．was coming C．had come D．would come

【答案与解析】 A 宇宙的形成是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。

6．knock into 撞上；偶遇；不期而遇；强行教导

knock down 击倒；撞倒；拆毁；降价；减少；拒绝

knock about 漫游；四处走动；殴打；虐待

knock off击掉；撞掉；(使)停止；完成；结束

knock on 敲击；不停地工作

knock out (用锤)敲打掉；使昏迷；淘汰；使精疲力竭

1)He suddenly ________ ________ the tree when he was absorbed in reading

the novel on the way. 他在路上专心地看小说，突然撞到树上了。

2)________ ________ ________ one of my old classmates while travelling

in such a remote place.在这样偏远的地方旅行，我居然遇到了以前的一个老同学。

【答案】 1)knocked into 2)I knocked into

(1)完成句子

A boy ________ ________ my bike and knocked me off it. 一个男孩撞到我的车子，把我撞下来了。

【答案】 knocked into

(2)名校押题

One of the powerful actions the government has taken is to ________the

illegal buildings to restore the beauty of the city.

A．knock off B．knock into C．knock down D．knock

out

【答案与解析】 C knock down “击倒；撞倒；拆毁”。题意：政府采取的有力措施之一是拆除违章建筑，重新恢复市容。knock off“击掉；撞掉；(使)停止；完成；结束”； knock into “撞上；偶遇”； knock out “(用锤)敲打掉；使昏迷；淘汰；使精疲力竭”。

7．break into 强行闯入；破门而入；打断；打扰；突然做……

break into a song / a laugh / tears突然唱起来/笑起来/哭起来

into pieces 将……打成碎片

break in 打断；插嘴说；闯入；开始工作

They were watching TV when she broke in.他们正在看电视，她突然闯了进来。

One hundred more new recruits broke in at the plant.又有100名新员工进入这家工厂工作。

1)We had to ________ ________ the house, as we had lost the key.因为弄丢了钥匙，我们只有破门而入了。

2)He was so engrossed that she didn't like to ________ ________ his

thought.他如此专注，以至于她不想打断他的思绪。

3)When I told him the story, he ________ ________ a laugh.当我把这件事告诉他时，他突然大笑起来。

【答案】 1)break into 2)break into 3)broke into

(1)完成句子

Don't ________ ________ when I'm telling the story.我讲故事时别打断我。

【答案】 break in

(2)名校押题

Their house was________while they were away on holiday.

A．broken in B．breaking into C．breaking in

D．broken into

【答案与解析】 D 此处需要被动语态。break in 无被动形式。

8．show off 炫耀；展示；展现

show sb out 领某人出去

in 带……进来

show sb around / round 领某人参观

show up 出席；到场

show 带某人去某处

1)Catherine ________ ________ her new shoes in front of her classmates.凯瑟琳在同学面前炫耀她的新鞋子。

2)The students on the stage ________ ________ their artistic talent.舞台上的学生展示了他们的艺术才华。

3)The white dress ________ ________ her dark skin.白色的衣服衬托出她黝黑的皮肤。

【答案】 1)showed off 2)showed off 3)showed off

(1)完成句子

He couldn't resist________ ________ on the tennis court. 他禁不住要在网球场上表现一番。

【答案】 showing off

(2)名校押题

(2011天津耀华高三模拟)Farmers in Herefordshire are invited to ________

their skills in the Farmer of the Year competition.

A．show up B．show off C．show out D．show in

【答案与解析】 B show off “炫耀；展示”，符合题意。show up “出席；到场”； show sb out “领某人出去”； show sb in “领某人进来”。

9．wind up 卷起；上紧发条；使结束；以……告终(终结)

get the wind up 紧张起来；害怕起来

put the wind up sb 使某人紧张、不安

1)She helped her mother ________ ________ the wool.她帮妈妈绕毛线。

2)I think it's time to ________ ________ the meeting.我想该结束这次会议了。

3)He ________ ________ feeling ashamed of himself.他最后觉得惭愧。

【答案】 1)wind up 2)wind up 3)wound up

(1)完成句子

It's time to_______ ________ ________， I have a plane to catch. 该结束了——我还得赶飞机。

【答案】 wind things up

(2)名校押题

The driver ________in hospital for his crazy driving on the high way.

A．broke down B．wound up C．put off D．laid off

【答案与解析】 B wind up “以……告终(终结)”。题意：由于在高速公路上疯狂驾驶，这个司机最后进医院了。break down “(车子)坏了；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮了”； put off “推迟；延期”； lay off “解雇；让……下岗”。

10．on principle 原则上

in principle ＝ in general 理论上；原则上；大体上

against sb's principle 有违某人的原则

stick to sb's principle 坚持原则

1)I refuse to go there, ________ ________.我原则上拒绝到那儿去。

2)They have been agreed ________ ________，but not in detail.大体上他们的意见是一致的，但细节上则不一致。

【答案】 1)on principle 2)in principle

(1)完成句子

He drinks a cup of hot milk every night ________ ________. 他每晚照例喝一杯牛奶。

【答案】 on principle

(2)名校押题

It is a ________of mine to help people when I can.

A．control B．command C．mark D．principle

【答案与解析】 D 题意：我的一个原则是在我力所能及的时候帮助人。control “控制；管理”； command “命令”； mark “标志”； principle

“原则”。