2024年1月24日发(作者：)

2018城区一模七选五锦集：

2018海淀一模：

Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The

name radar comes from the first letters of the words radio direction and ranging. As the human eye uses light

waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and

ships could not move safely in thick fog. 51

In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make

great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. 52 It has been used

widely in almost every conflict since then.

Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object

and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On

the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object. 53

Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on

radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. 54 Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and

speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the

moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.

55 Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible

enemy attacks. We have ballistic—missiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacks when

missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying

space satellites.

A. Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.

B. These measurements are now highly accurate.

C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields.

D. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.

E. During World War II many countries used radar effectively.

F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.

G. Strengthening national defense is one of radar’s most important functions.

2018西城一模：

The Art of Slow Reading

If you are reading this article in print, chances are that you will only get through half of what I have

written. And if you are reading this online, you may not even finish a fifth. 51 They suggest that many of

us no longer have the concentration to read articles through to their conclusion.

So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are damaging the mental power we need to process

and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read from one article to the next without

necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently interrupted by the noise of the

latest email and we are now absorbing short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly than

longer texts. 52 But we are gradually forgetting how to sit back, think carefully, and relate all the facts to

each other.

53 A desperate bunch of academics want us to take our time while reading, and re-reading. They ask

us to switch off our computers every so often and rediscover both the joy of personal engagement with printed

texts, and the ability to process them fully. What’s to be done then? Most slow readers realize that total

rejection of the web is extremely unrealistic. They feel that getaway from technology for a while is the answer.

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Personally, I’m not sure whether I could ever go offline for long. Even while writing this article, I am

switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too

rooted in my daily life for me to change. I read essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that

many readers are in a similar position. 55 You can download a computer application called Freedom,

which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being

disturbed by the Internet, you could always download offline reader Instapaper for your iPhone. If you’re still

reading my article, that is slow reading.

A. The Internet is probably part of the problem.

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B. Now some campaigns are advocating slow reading.

C. These are the two findings from the recent research projects.

D. But if you just occasionally want to read more slowly, help is at hand.

E. Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week.

F. Slow reading can help connect a reader to neighborhood and become popular.

G. Because of the Internet, we have become very good at collecting information.

2018东城一模：

Where did your family eat dinner last night? In the car on the way to sport? At McDonald’s? Or at the

dinner table? A survey taken a few years ago found that 28% families ate dinner together at home seven nights

a week. Another quarter said they ate together three or fewer nights a week.

Once upon a time the situation was different. 51 Plates, forks and spoons would be laid out. As

dinner time approached, an increasing number of hungry mouths would begin to appear with the question,

“What’s for dinner”?

52 The data seems to point to two main issues: overworked parents and overscheduled children.

When mum or dad do get home in the evening, they are soon in the car again to send the children to soccer,

music, tutoring, and a host of other events.

This nightly ceremony around the dinner table is both vital and fruitful; it is what keeps a family together.

Sure, the conversation is not always significant and children argue. And sometimes the deepest and most

meaningful times in a family are not at the table at all. 53 The dinner table is the place where a family

builds an identity. Stories are passed down, jokes are exchanged and the wider world is examined through the

lens（镜头） of a family’s values. Children pick up vocabulary and a sense of how conversation is structured.

54 Dinner time is “family time”. Coming back daily to the same place helps gain familiarity.

The significance of dinner time is more than above. Studies show that the more families eat together, the

less likely the children are to smoke, drink, get depressed, and develop eating disorders, and the more likely

they are to do well in school and learn how to socialize. One professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey

stated, “A meal is about civilizing children. 55 ”

So start by planning some stay at home family dinners together. Just family talk.

A. It’s a time to teach them to be a member of their culture.

B. Each night the dining table would be set with a simple cloth.

C. Why not cut back on a few activities and have dinner with your family?

D. What accounts for this decline in families eating together today though?

E. They also learn good table manners, something that will benefit them for life.

F. It was important for children and parents to sit down together and get to know each other.

G. However, there is still something unique about the time a family spends around the dinner table.

2018朝阳一模：

Charisma

Are leaders born or made? Many leaders throughout history—such as Gandhi, Churchill, Napoleon, and Martin

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Luther King—seem to have a special quality that made them powerful and persuasive. We can identify that quality

as charisma, but can we explain it?

Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you. It is a complex

mixture of social and emotional (情感的) skills. 51 Richard Wiseman, a famous psychologist, points

out that there are three key qualities of a charismatic person: They feel their own emotions strongly; they

inspire strong emotions in other people; and they are unaffected by the influences of other charismatic

people.

You needn’t worry if you don’t have these qualities. 52 Wiseman says that when you come

upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without

realizing it. This is called mirroring, and it works partly because people’s behavior influences their emotions.

53 He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who smiled at you. Your

smiling back suggests that you accept the goodwill from the other person and hope to give it back to him.

54 For example, if you stand up straight and raise your chest, you are more likely to feel

confident and inspire others to feel confidence in you. Another expert says that the most charismatic people

are usually good listeners. They give others the impression of being focused and modest.

Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence. 55____

One successful leadership coach points out that you need to come by your skills and techniques naturally, she

warns—if the personality you project is not real, you may come across as insincere.

A.

This type of physical presence can be used to great effect.

B.

Today there is growing evidence that charisma can be learned.

C.

Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings.

D.

It needs to be recognized that charisma is more than just being optimistic.

E.

It helps to make strong personal connections and communicate effectively with others.

F.

But it is worth noting that charisma can’t be a pretended ability although it can be learned.

G.

He adds you’re unaware of picking up others’ gestures, but you know it makes you feel good.

2018石景山一模：

A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or

not, just by spending time with you.

51 Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets

in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone’s reading

it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way. 52 Maybe a kid in the neighborhood

wanted you to steal with him.

Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that

other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. 53 The idea that

“everyone’s doing it” may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses

behind.

Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure

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can influence someone to change her/his mind from what she/he knows for sure is a correct answer to the

incorrect answer-just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! 54

55 Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you

know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and

resist doing something when you know better.

A.

Peers can have a good effect on one another.

B.

Peer pressure is the direct influence on people by peers.

C.

Good peers may give you a hand when you are in trouble.

D.

That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations.

E.

Maybe one kid in school tried to get another to cut class with him.

F.

It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done.

G.

Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing.

2018 丰台一模：

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

People Are People

Globalization has brought different cultures together in a way unimaginable one hundred years ago. Today,

Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Africans, Anglos, and Hispanics may all work in the same offices, attend the same

schools or live in the same neighborhoods. 51 And our society has lately emphasized the importance of

diversity.

52 Take the following old proverbs for example.

“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.” Thomas Jefferson, American President.

“One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.” African proverb.

“Be honest to those who are honest, and be also honest to those who are not honest.” Lao Tzu, Chinese

philosopher.

“A sacrifice is written off by a lie and the merit of devotion by an act of cheat.” Hindu saying

53 There seems to be a sort of cultural unity.

We don’t wish to imply all cultures are the same. Cultural diversity is real, and people from different

cultures view many situations in different ways. However, historically, different cultures seem to share many

common values. They are justice, courage, patience, generosity, equality, mercy and kindness, respect for the

elders, and many more. Lying and stealing appear to be wrong no matter where you go. Perhaps some cultures

make room for extenuating(情有可原) circumstances more than others; perhaps cultures apply these virtues in

different ways; and when values disagree, different cultures may place different levels of importance on them.

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54 But both cultures may still value both.

To us, it seems as if there is some sort of code of right and wrong that everyone everywhere seems to

understand, regardless of culture. It is almost as if, behind all of the diversity, one finds a common

understanding—a human culture, if you will—that goes beyond racial, social, and political boundaries. 55

A. Each value supports many more quotes from different cultures.

B. As cultures rub shoulders with each other, many differences stand out.

C. These quotes from four separate cultures all support the same value—honesty.

D. In other words, one culture may lean more toward justice and another culture more toward mercy.

E. It is almost as if, despite all our differences, we are all still the same—we are just people.

F. We want to show, however, that there is more to these cultures than diversity.

G. All people seem to agree that we should tell the truth.

2018海淀一模：51. D 52. E 53. B 54. A 55. G

2018西城一模：51. C 52. G 53. B

2018东城一模：51．B 52．D 53．G 54．E

2018朝阳一模： 51—55 EBGAF

2018石景山一模：51 — 55: AEGDF

2018 丰台一模：51. B 52. F 53. C 54. D 55. E54. E

55．A

55. D

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