2024年1月19日发(作者：)

第五十一讲 阅读理解主旨题（best title)答题技巧

一 学习目标

1. 掌握主旨题中best title 怎么作答？

2. 学会用最新试题验证作答方法！

二 考点解析

1. 主旨题通用做法

仔细阅读『黄金四句话』——首尾段首尾句

仔细阅读黑体字.小标题等

寻找全文出现频率最高的key words

找到说明对象或论点

⊙ Example 1

It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with

my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly

woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with

her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.

Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.

He said to me, “Mum, it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”

At the front of the supermarket, a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked

sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It

will make her feel better，” he said. I was amazed that he'd e up with this sweet idea. So we went

over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just

take it，” she replied. “I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”

By now paramedics(急救人员) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we

walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he

was just too scared to go up to her.

Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him, “My son was very upset for

your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”

At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son.

Happy Mother's Day to you.”

The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. Though

badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a

little smile.

59．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Flower power

B．Mother's Day

C．An accidental injury

D．An embarrassing moment

⊙ Example 2

In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that

doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. One day, this approach threw me into

embarrassment.

In Mrs Totten's eighth-grade maths class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we

were learning to add and subtract decimals(小数)．

Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the

following day. On most days, our grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions.

Mrs Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student

after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets. She would start

either at the front or the back of the classroom and work towards the other end.

Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which

questions I might have to answer. This particular time, I had pleted my usual two or three

problems according to my calculations.

What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate.

As Mrs Totten made her way from the beginning of the class, I desperately tried to determine

which maths problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze

and couldn't function.

When Mrs Totten reached my desk, she asked what answer I'd got for problem No. 14. “I…I

didn't get anything，” I answered, and my face felt warm.

“Correct，” she said.

It turned out that the correct answer was zero.

What did I learn that day? First, always do all your homework. Second, in real life it isn't

always what you say but how you say it that matters. Third，I would never make it as a

mathematician.

If I could choose one school day that taught me the most, it would be that one.

65. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. An unforgettable teacher

B. A future mathematician

C. An effective approach

D. A valuable lesson

⊙ Example 3

London's newest skyscraper(摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million

pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard

has pletely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change

for the better.

The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began

designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶).

He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building aren't regular.

So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And

that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is

part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or

the tall masts(桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.

The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is

empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants,

apartments and offices.

Before building work began, a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were

approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper

might be good in a city like New York, but not in London. They say that the best thing about the

Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The

Egyptians did that 4，500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys

the beauty of the city.

Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how

London is being more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private

apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in

London. So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the

poor.

The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary

London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.

58. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Shard: cheers and claps

B. The Shard: work of a great architect

C. The Shard: new symbol of london?

D. The Shard: a change for the better?

⊙ Example 4

Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it

may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of

desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.

Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most

people are already swamped(淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in

too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.

Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅) , a royal palace. Every new taste, every

additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of

life should have.

Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things.

If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as

happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you're hungry.

Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many

an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person, for a

rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.

Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when

you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you

have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.

Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would

be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you

could, and did, play a bit.

Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep

adding.

71. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. House of Life

B. Secret of Wealth

C. Rest and Refreshment

D. Interest and Enthusiasm

⊙ Example 5

Attitude is an internal（内在的）state that influences the choices of personal action made by

the individual（个人）. Some researchers consider that attitudes e from defferences between beliefs

and ideas; others believe that attitudes e from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of

attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes.

Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving,

whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced

by attitudes. These internal states are acquired（获得） throughout life from sitations one is faced

with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely

determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying

laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. Achild who has a strong

attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice, But the internal state

which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly

in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an

attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden wovement of a

snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when

someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to plete some

of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child

learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of

these differences, there is something in mon in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.

55. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Differences of Attitudes.

B. Nature of Attitude.

C. Choices of Attitudes.

D. Modification of Attitude.

2. 从『黄金四句话』中读什么？

①读首尾段相同的名词.动词等

Attitude, house of life

②读首尾段的逻辑

事件发展，因果，现象-解决办法， 研究-结论，事件-感悟

③读作者的态度.观点

转折词往往体现真实意图 however, but, though, in fact, actually, in other words, on the

contrary等

3. 主旨题实战——2016高考天津卷 D

Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more

tiring than not succeeding.

We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In

the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the

longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.

Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles

and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most

difficult job first.

Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying

my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave

out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing.

Experience proved that the rule works.

Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to

do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and

again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.

When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents

based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I

kept ing up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.

One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I

tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat

back in an easy chair and fell asleep.

An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed,

the solution which had e up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I

worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been

depressing.

Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.

55. What could be the best title for the passage?

A. Success Is Built upon Failure

B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue

C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success

D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems

4.怎么进一步确定best title？

①看核心词，看偏重

A. Sound and Silence（偏两方面，声音和沉默）

B. What It Means to Be Silent（偏沉默的意义）

C. Silence to Native Americans （偏对美国人来说，沉默是什么）

D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold（偏对比，说话是银，沉默是金）

②看核心词，看关系

A. Success Is Built upon Failure（失败和成功的关系，偏题）

B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue （处理疲惫，少核心词）

C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success （成功与疲惫的关系）

D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems （疲惫和健康的关系，yy出来的）

5.主旨题必杀技review

part1，什么是英语阅读理解主旨题？

了解英语阅读理解主旨题的特色和命题初衷。

part2，主旨题又可以分为哪几类？

主旨题分为 main ideawriter’s attitudebest title 等。

part3，每种类型的主旨题怎么作答？

通过全文关键词.高频词.黄金四句话等进行作答。

part4，用最新试题验证作答方法！

用真题检测，秒出答案。

三 练习题

A篇

Why do parents have such a difficult time to municate openly and honestly with their teens? For

this, there are many reasons but most of them stem from not being able to properly understand

their teens. It is a dangerous gap because parents will have to municate with their teens about a

wide variety of issues during the most important years of their lives. Thus, parents must know how

to municate openly and honestly with their teens.

Here are a few tips to make munication easier between parents and teenagers.

1）Try not to talk down to your teens. Make them feel as if their views really matter, which not

only helps your discussions with your teen but bring you closer to him.

2）Imagine what it would be like to be a teen. Try to remember some of the negative feelings

you experienced as a teenager and apply it to your teen's situation.

3）Never make negative remarks to your teen about what he has said or done.

4）Remember how much courage it would have taken for your teen to e and talk to you

about his personal issues. So listen respectfully.

5）Don't ignore your teen's feelings because it is usually a cry for help. For instance, if your

teen is unusually angry, it may be time to spend a bit of quality time with your teen to

determine what is wrong and where he is ing from.

It is, therefore, necessary for parents to strive to keep lines of munication open at all times with

their teens. Try to remember what it was like to be a teenager and how vulnerable（脆弱的）you

felt. Then you will be well on your way to help your teen municate more openly and honestly.

(1)The best title for this passage is _____.

of generation gap

ons between teens and parents

tions for parents-children effective munication

ms with munication between teens and parents

B篇

When Nancy Lublin got $5,000 from her grandpa in 1996, she never once considered taking a

vacation or paying off student loans .Instead, the 24-year-old New York University law student

began thinking about helping low-ine women get better jobs. "If a woman goes for a job interview

poorly dressed, she won't get the job." Lublin says. “ but without a job, she can't afford suitable

clothes."

So with the money Lublin founded "Dress for Success” and began collecting women's clothes

which were still in good condition but which their owners no longer needed. "So many women

have clothes lying around that they will never wear again," one of Lublin's assistants says

"Nancy's idea is so simple and yet so important to women."

Many women e to Lublin's office before going to a job interview. Here, they receive a suit,

shoes and any other things they need. Since it was set up, more than 1,000 women have turned to

"Dress for Success" for help. Many of them have won jobs. Some have round jobs after being out

of work for many years. Jenny, a 32-year-old woman who was recently hired as a law-firm office

manager , says, "I made a good impression because of “Dress for Success”

(1)What would be a good title for the text?

: A Successful Law Student.

B.A Helping Hand for Women

Your Old Clothes

D.A Successful Clothing Business

C篇

Hello. I'm Jan from Mrs. Lake's class. My class wants to work together to help the public. We

think we have found a great way to do this. Last month we did a class project on the highways

near our town. We learned about the Adopt-a-Highway Program. This program brings people

together to pick up litter along the roads. We think it would be a great idea for all students in our

school to join the program and adopt a highway.

Adopting a highway is not like adopting a pet. When a highway is adopted, only part of the

highway is cared for by a group of people. The group agrees to work every week to keep its part of

the highway clean. Each group gets its own sign that has the name of the group printed on it. The

sign is put up at the side of the road. This sign lets drivers know who is keeping that area of the

road clean.

The Adopt-a-Highway Program is a great way for people to help their environment look nicer.

Also, the government does not have to send out as many road workers. This saves money. Finally,

people may try harder to keep roads clean if they see people, especially teenagers like us, cleaning

them up.

We will need helpers to care for our adopted highway. If you want to feel great and keep our

roads clean，please e with your parents to the meeting next week. We will meet in Mrs. Lake' room

on Wednesday at 6:00 P.M. At the meeting, we will talk about which roads are the dirtiest as a

result of people's unkind acts. Then we' ll try to pick an area to adopt and clean.

I look forward to seeing you at the meeting. Remember to keep our roads clean!

(1)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

-a-Pet

-a-Highway

to Protect the Environment

eers on Roads

D篇

Machu Picchu is an unusual site in Peru and one of the most mysterious wonders of the world.

Built at almost 10,000 feet on the top of an Andean mountain, the Incas built hundreds of

structures made of stone. A large number of Machu Picchu's surrounding structures date back to

the early 13th century, but it was considered a chief sacred site far before then. The Inca people

changed the large site into a very small but wonderful city, pletely self-sufficient and hidden

from below. Agricultural terraces (梯田) surrounded the entire city, fed by natural spring water,

supporting the entire population.

Inca Trail

The trail is one of the most famous in the world and regarded as one of the best. It covers

only 26 miles, bining cloud forest, green mountain scenery, forest, and plenty of tunnels, paving

stones, and ruins. The four-day hike begins slowly but quickly changes into a difficult journey

suitable for those in excellent shape. The trail winds through the Andes, leading alongside and

through ruins. Though independent hiking was once permitted, now it must be done with a guide.

Funerary Rock

It is believed that the Funerary Rock at Machu Picchu was used as a place to prepare Inca

nobles for preservation, or mummifying (做成木乃伊), a mon habit among the tribe. Nobles

would be laid out to be mummified by the hot sun and freezing cold nights after their organs

were removed. The rock is also famous as a spot from which a view of the city is afforded.

Temple of the Sun

Within the city's castle, deep within Machu Picchu, is the Temple of the Sun, accessed only

by the Emperor and

Inca priests. It means the Inca's advanced knowledge of religion, weather, and nature,

showing the great extent

Incas went to adapt to and learn about nature. Still unbroken, the temple was built to honor

the god Inti, who is exactly the sun. The temple was effectively protected. It was also a very

important scientific center, built in half-moon shape with openings facing north and east. The

windows' shadows in the center of the temple helped see the start of winter solstice (至日),

showing farming season.

(1)What can be the best title for the passage?

Trail

ry Rock

Picchu

of the Sun

答案

A篇（1）C

通读全文可知，全文的重点部分由第二段所引出（Here are a few tips to make munication easier

between parents and teenagers.），由此可知这篇文章是介绍让父母和孩子有效交流的建议。故该题正确答案为C.

B篇（1）B

标题归纳题。本人并非在召人们保管好旧衣服，C项错；也并非在叙述Nancy是一个很成功的学法律的学生，A项错；本文也并非在宣传一项生意，故D项也错。故选B。

C篇（1）B

根据第一段最后一句We think it would be a great idea for all students in our school to join the

program and adopt a highway. 我们认为加入这个项目,保养一条高速公路对我们学校的学生来说将是一个好主意。故选B。

D篇（1）C

本文主要介绍了马丘比丘这个风景胜地的一些具体的景点，以及它们各自的特点。故选C。