2024年1月14日发(作者：)

计算机网络作业六及解答

一、单项选择题

1．网络层的主要目的是( )。

A．在邻接节点间进行数据报传输

B．在邻接节点间进行数据报可靠传输

C．在任意节点间进行数据报传输

D．在任意节点间进行数据报可靠传输

2．下列设备中，能够分隔广播域的是( )，只能分隔冲突域的是( )。

A．集线器 B．交换机 C．路由器 D．中继器

3．在因特网中，一个路由器的路由表通常包含( )。

A．目的网络和到达目的网络的完整路径

B．所有的目的主机和到达该目的主机的完整路径

C．目的网络和到达该目的网络路径上的下一个路由器的IP地址

D．目的网络和到达该目的网络路径上的下一个路由器的MAC地址

4．路由器转发分组的根据是报文的( )。

A．端口号 B．MAC地址 C．IP地址 D．域名

5．在路由器进行互联的多个局域网的结构中，要求每个局域网( )。

A．物理层协议可以不同，而数据链路层及其以上的高层协议必须相同

B．物理层、数据链路层协议可以不同，而数据链路层以上的高层协议必须相同

C．物理层、数据链路层、网络层协议可以不同，而网络层以上的高层协议必须相同

D．物理层、数据链路层、网络层及高层协议都可以不同

6．在因特网中，IP分组的传输需要经过源主机和中间路由器到达目的主机，通常( )。

A．源主机和中间路由器都知道IP分组到达目的主机需要经过的完整路径

B．源主机和中间路由器都不知道IP分组到达目的主机需要经过的完整路径

C．源主机知道IP分组到达目的主机需要经过的完整路径，而中间路由器不知道

D．源主机不知道IP分组到达目的主机需要经过的完整路径，而中间路由器知道

7．网络中发生了拥塞，根据是( )。

A．随着通信子网的负载的增加，吞吐量也增加

B．网络节点接收和发出的分组越来越少

C．网络节点接收和发出的分组越来越多

D．随着通信子网的负载的增加，吞吐量反而降低

8．动态路由选择和静态路由选择的主要区别是( )

A．动态路由选择需要维护整个网络的拓扑结构信息，而静态路由选择只需要维护部分

拓扑结构信息

B．动态路由选择可随网络的通信量或拓扑变化而进行自适应的调整，而静态路由选择

则需要手工去调整相关的路由信息

C．动态路由选择简单且开销小，静态路由选择复杂且开销大

D．动态路由选择使用路由表，静态路由选择不使用路由表

9．在计算机网络中，路由选择协议的功能不包括( )。

A．交换网络状态或通路信息 B．选择到达目的地的最佳路径

C．更新路由表 D．发现下一跳的物理地址

10．考虑如图4-3所示的子网，该子网使用了距离向量算法，下面的向量刚刚到达路由器C：来自B的向量为(5，0，8，1 2，6，2)；来自D的向量为(16，12，6，0，9，10)；来

自E的向量为(7，6，3，9，0，4)。经过测量，C到B、D和E的延迟分别为6，3和5，那么C到达所有节点的最短路径是( )。

A (5，6，0，9，6，2) B (11，6，0，3，5，8)

C (5，11，0，1 2，8，9) D (11，8，0，7，4，9)

11．在距离-向量路由协议中，下列最可能导致路由回路问题的是( )。

A．由于网络带宽的限制，某些路由更新数据报被丢弃 图4-3题3图

B．由于路由器不知道整个网络的拓扑结构信息，当收到一个路由更新信息时，又将该更新信息发回向自己发送该路由信息的路由器

C．当一个路由器发现自己的一条直接相邻链路断开时，没能将这个变化报告给其他路由器

D．慢收敛导致路由器接收了无效的路由信息

12．关于链路状态协议的描述，( )是错误的。

A．仅相邻路由器需要交换各自的路由表

B．全网路由器的拓扑数据库是一致的

C．采用洪泛技术更新链路变化信息

D．具有快速收敛的优点

13．当一个IP分组进行直接交付时，要求发送方和目的站具有相同的( )。

A．IP地址 B．主机号 C．网络号 D．子网地址

14．Internet的网络层含有四个重要的协议，分别为( )。 ．

A．IP，ICMP，ARP，UDP B．TCP，ICMP，UDP，ARP

C．IP，ICMP，ARP，RARP D．UDP，IP，ICMP，RARP

15．访问因特网的每台主机都需要分配IP地址(假定采用默认子网掩码)，下列可以分配给主机的IP地址是( )。

A．192．46．10．0 B．110．47．10．0

C．127．10．10．17 D．211．60．256．21

16．IP协议规定每个C类网络最多可以有多少台主机或路由器( )。

A．254 B．256 C．32 D．1 024

17．以下关于IP分组结构的描述中，错误的是( )。

A．IPv4分组头的长度是可变的

B．协议字段表示IP的版本，值为4表示IPv4

C．分组头长度字段以4字节为单位，总长度字段以字节为单位

D．生存时间字段值表示一个分组可以经过的最多的跳数

18．以下关于IP分组的分片与组装的描述中，错误的是( )。

A．IP分组头中与分片和组装相关的字段是：标识、标志与片偏移

B．IP分组规定的最大长度为65535B

C．以太网的MTU为1500B

D．片偏移的单位是4B

19．以下关于IP分组分片基本方法的描述中，错误的是( )。

A．IP分组长度大于MTU时，就必须对其进行分片

B．DF=1，分组的长度又超过MTU 时，则丢弃该分组，不需要向源主机报告

C．分片的MF值为1表示接收到的分片不是最后一个分片

D．属于同一原始IP分组的分片具有相同的标识

20．路由器R0的路由表见表4-3。 表4-3路由器R0的路由表

目的网络

下一跳

132．0．0．8／8

R1

132．19．0．0／11

R2

132．19．233．0／22

R3

0．0．0．0／0

R4

若进入路由器R0的分组的目的地址

为1 32．1 9．23 7．5，请问该分组

应该被转发到哪一个下一跳路由器 ( )。 A．R1 B．R2

C．R3 D．R4

21．以下关于ICMP协议的描述中，错误的是(

目的网络

下一跳

1 32．0．0．8／8

R1

132．19．0．0／1 1

R2

132．19．233．0／22

R3

)。

0．0．0．0／0

R4

A．IP协议缺乏差错控制机制

B．IP协议缺乏主机和网络管理查询机制

C．ICMP报文分为差错报告和查询两类

D．作为IP协议的补充，ICMP报文将直接封装在以太帧中

22．以下关于ICMP差错报文的描述中，错误的是( )。

A．对于已经携带ICMP差错报文的分组，不再产生ICMP差错报文

B．对于已经分片的分组，只对第一个分片产生ICMP差错报文

C．PING使用了ICMP差错报文

D．对于多播的分组，不产生ICMP差错报文

23．【2010年计算机联考真题】

若路由器R因为拥塞丢弃IP分组，则此时R可向发出该IP分组的源主机发送的ICMP

报文类型是( )。

A．路由重定向 B．目的不可达 C．源点抑制 D．超时

24．为了提供更多的子网，为一个B类地址指定了子网掩码255．255．240．0，则每个子网最多可以有的主机数是( )。

A．1 6 B．256 C．4094 D．4096

25．【2011年计算机联考真题】

在子网192．168．4．0／30中，能接收目的地址为192．168．4．3的IP分组的最大主机数是 ( )。

A．0 B．1 C．2 D．4

26．一个网段的网络号为198．90．1 0．0／27，子网掩码固定为255．255．255．224，最多可以分成( )个子网，而每个子网最多具有( )个有效地IP地址。

A．8，3 0 B．4，62 C．1 6，1 4 D．32，6

27．【2010年计算机联考真题】

某网络的IP地址空间为192．168．5．0／24，采用定长子网划分，子网掩码为255．255．255．248，则该网络中的最大子网个数、每个子网内的最大可分配地址个数分别是( )。

A．32，8 B．32，6 C．8，32 D．8，30

28．对分片后的数据报进行重组的地方是( )。

A．目的端系统 B．中间主机

C．核心路由器 D．下一跳路由器

29．路由表错误和软件故障都可能使得网络中形成数据环路，解决该问题的方法是

( )。

A．报文分片 B．设定生命期

C．增加校验和 D．增加选项字段

30．当数据报到达目的网络后，要传送到目的主机，需要知道IP地址对应的( )。

A．逻辑地址 B．动态地址

C．域名 D．物理地址

31．一个主机有两个IP地址，一个地址是192．168．11．25，另一个地址可能是( )。

A．192．168．11．0 B．192．168．11．26

C．192．168．13．25 D．192．168．11．24

32．CIDR 地址块1 92．1 68．1 0．0／20所包含的IP地址范围是( )。与地址192．1 6．0．1

9／28同属于一个子网的主机地址是( )。

1)A．192．168．0．0~192．168．12．255 B．192．168．10．0～192．168．13．255

C．192．168．10．0～192．168．14．255 D．192．168．0．0~192．168．15．255

2) A．1 92．1 6．0．1 7 B．1 92．1 6．0．3 1

C．1 92．1 6．0．1 5 D．1 92．1 6．0．1 4

33．为了解决IP地址耗尽的问题，可以采用以下的一些措施，其中治本的是( )。

A．划分子网 B．采用无类比编址CIDR

C．采用网络地址转换NAT D．采用IPv6

34．假如一台连接到网络上的计算机的网络配置为：IP地址为136．62．2．5 5，子网掩码为255．255．192．0，网关地址为136．62．89．1。这台计算机在网络中不能与其他主机进行通信。其中设置导致了问题产生的是( )o

A．子网掩码 B．网关地址

C．IP地址 D．其他配置

35．在Internet中，IP数据报从源节点到目的节点可能需要经过多个网络和路由器。在整个传输过程中，IP数据报头部中的( )。

A．源地址和目的地址都不会发生变化

B．源地址由可能发生变化而目的地址不会发生变化

C．源地址不会发生变化而目的地址有可能发生变化

D．源地址和目的地址都有可能发生变化

36．某子网的子网掩码为255．255．255．224，那么，选项中的四台主机中，不能与其他三台正常通信的是( )。

A．202．3．1．33 B．202．3．1．65

C．202．3．1．44 D．202．3．1．55

37．某单位分配了1个B类地址，计划将内部网络划分成35个子网，将来可能增加16个子网，每个子网的主机数目接近800台，则可行的掩码方案是( )。

A．255．255．248．0 B．255．255．252．0

C．255．255．254．0 D．255．255．255．

38．一个网络中有几个子网，其中的一个已经分配了子网号74．1 78．247．96／29，则下列网络前缀中不能再分配给其他子网的是( )。

A．74．1 78．247．1 20／29 B．74．1 78．247．64／29

C．74．1 78．247．1 08／28 D．74．1 78．247．1 04／29

39．主机A和主机B的IP地址分别为2 1 6．1 2．3 1．20和2 1 6．1 3．32．2 1，要想让A和B 32作在同一个IP子网内，应该给它们分配的子网掩码是( )。

A．255．255．255．0 B．255．255．0．0

C．255．255．255．255 D．255．0．0．0

40．位于不同子网中的主机之间相互通信，下面说法中正确的是( )。

A．路由器在转发IP数据报时，重新封装源硬件地址和目的硬件地址

B．路由器在转发IP数据报时，重新封装源IP地址和目的IP地址

C．路由器在转发IP数据报时，重新封装目的硬件地址和目的IP地址

D．源站点可以直接进行ARP广播得到目的站点的硬件地址

41．【2010年计算机联考真题】

在图4．8所示的采用“存储．转发”方式的分组交换网络中，所有链路的数据传输速率

为100Mbit／s，分组大小为1000B，其中分组头大小为20B。

图4-8 题28图

若主机H1向主机H2发送一个大小为980 000B的文件，则在不考虑分组拆装时间和传播延迟的情况下，从H 1发送开始到．H2接收完为止，需要的时间至少是( )。

A．80ms B．80．08ms C．80．1 6ms D．80．24ms

二、综合应用题

1．一个分组报头中的首部长度字段值为101(二进制)，而总长度字段值为101000(二进制)。请问该分组携带了多少个字节的数据?

2．一个数据报长度为4000B(固定头长度)。现在经过一个网络传送，但此网络能够传送的最大数据长度为1500B。试问应当划分为几个短些的数据报片?各数据片段的数据字段长度、片段偏移字段和MF标志应为何值?

3．某一网络的一台主机产生了一个IP数据报，头部长度为20B，数据部分长度为2000B。

该数据报需要经过两个网络到达目的主机，这两个网络所允许的最大传输单位MTU分别为

1500B和576B。请问原IP数据报到达目的主机时分成了几个IP小报文?每个报文的数据部分长度分别是多少?

4．如果到达的分组的片偏移值为100，分组首部中的首部长度字段值为5，总长度字段值为l00。请问：数据部分第一个字节的编号是多少?能够确定数据部分最后一个字节的编号吗?

5．设目的地址为201．230．34．56，子网掩码为255．255．240．0。试求出子网地址。

6．在4个“／24”地址块中试进行最大可能的聚合：212．56．132．0／24、212．56．133．0／24、212．56．134．0／24、212．56．135．0／24。

7．现有一公司需要创建内部网络，该公司包括工程技术部、市场部、财务部和办公室4个部门，每个部门约由20～3 O台计算机。试问：

1)若要将几个部门从网络上进行分开。如果分配该公司使用的地址为一个C类地址，网络地址为1 92．1 68．1 6 1．0，如何划分网络?可以将几个部门分开?

2)确定各部门的网络地址和子网掩码，并写出分配给每个部门网络中的主机IP地址范围。

8．考虑某路由器具有见表4-4所示的路由表项。

1)假设路由器收到两个分组：分组A的目的地址为1 3 1．1 28．55．3 3，分组B的目的地址为1 3 1．1 28．5 5．3 8。请确定路由器为这两个分组选择的下一跳，并解释说明。

网络前缀

下一跳

13 1．128．56．0／24

A

13 1．128．55．32／28

B

13 1．128．55．32／30

C

131．128．0．0／16

D

2)在上面的路由表中增加一条路由表项，该路由表项使以1 3 1．1 28．55．3 3为目的地址

的IP分组选择“A’’作为下一跳，而不影响其他目的地址的IP分组的转发。

3)在上面的路由表中增加一条路由表项，使所有目的地址与该路由表中任何路由表项都不匹配的IP分组被转发到下一跳“E”。

4)将1 3 1．1 28．56．0／24划分为4个规模尽可能大的等长子网，给出子网掩码及每个子网的可分配地址范围。

9．一个自治系统有5个局域网，如图4-9所示，LAN2至LAN5上的主机数分别为：91、150、3和1 5，该自治系统分配到的IP地址块为30．138．118／23，试给出每一个 局域网的地址块(包括前缀)。

10．某网络拓扑如图4-10所示，路由器R 1通过接口 E 1、E2分别连接局域网1、局域网2，通过接口L0连接路由器R2，并通过路由器R2连接域名服务器与互联网。R 1和L0的接口的IP地址是202．118．2．1；R2的L0接口的IP地址是202．118．2．2，L 1接口的IP地址是130．11．1 20．1，E0接口的IP地址是202．118．3．1；域名服务器的IP地址是202．1 1 8．3．2。试问：

1)将IP地址空间202．1 1 8．1．0／24划分为两个子网，分别分配给局域网1、局域网2，每个局域网需分配的IP地址不少于120个。请给出子网划分结果，说明理由或给出必要的计算过程。

2)请给出R1的路由表，使其明确包括到局域网1的路由、局域网2的路由、域名服务

器的主机路由和互联网的路由。

3)请采用路由聚合计算，给出R2到局域网1和局域网2的路由。

11．某个网络地址块192．168．75．0中有5台主机A、B、C、D和E，A主机的IP地址为192．168．75．18，B主机的IP地址为192．168．75．1 46，C主机的IP地址为192．168．75．158，D主机的IP地址为192．168．75．161，E主机的IP地址为1 92．1 68．75．1 73，共同的子网掩码是255．255．255．240。请回答：

1)5台主机A、B、C、D、E分属几个网段?哪些主机位于同一网段?主机D的网络地址为多少?

2)若要加入第6台主机F，使它能与主机A属于同一网段，其IP地址范围是多少?

3)若在网络中另加入一台主机，其IP地址设为1 92．1 68．75．1 64，它的广播地址是多少?哪些主机能够收到?

12．【2009年计算机联考真题】

某网络拓扑图如图4-11所示，路由器R1通过接口E 1、E2分别连接局域网1、局域网2，通过接口 L0连接路由器R2，并通过路由器R2连接域名服务器与互联网。R1的L0接口的IP地址是202．118．2．1；R2的L0接口的IP地址是202．118．2．2，L1接口的IP地电址是130．11．120．1，E0接口的IP地址是202．118．3．1；域名服务器的IP地址是202．118．3．2。

1)将IP地址空间202．118．1．0／24划分为两个子网，分别分配给局域网1、局域网2，每个局域网需分配的IP地址数不少于120个。请给出子网划分结果，说明理由或给出必要的计算过程。

2)请给出R1的路由表，使其明确包括到局域网1的路由、局域网2的路由、域名服务器的主机路由和互联网的路由。

3)请采用路由聚合技术，给出R2到局域网1和局域网2的路由。

13．主机A的IP地址为218．207．6 1．2 1 1，MAC地址为00：1d：72：98：1 d：fc。A

收到一个帧，该帧的前64个字节的十六进制形式和ASCII形式如下图所示：

IP分组首部如图4．1 2所示：

以太网帧的结构参见第3章。问：

1)主机A所在网络的网关路由器的相

应端口的MAC地址是多少?

2)该IP分组所携带的数据量为多少字节?

3)如果该分组需要被路由器转发到一条MTU为380B的链路上，那么路由器将做何种操作?

解答：

一、单项选择题

1．C A、B显然是不对的，IP提供的是不可靠的服务，因此D错误。

2．C、B 路由器工作在网络层，不转发广播包(目的地址为255．255．25 5．255的IP包)，因此能够分隔广播域，抑制网络风暴。交换机工作在数据链路层，能够分隔冲突域，冲突域的个数等于其端口的个数，但不能分隔广播域。集线器和中继器是物理层设备，既不能分隔广播域也不能分隔冲突域。

3．C 路由器是网络层设备，其任务是转发分组。每个路由器都维护一个路由表以决定分组的传输路径。为了提高路由器的查询效率和减少路由表维护的内容，路由表只保留到达目的地址的下一个路由的地址，而不是整个传输路径的信息。另外采用目的网络可使每个路由表项包含很多目的主机IP地址，这样可减少路由表中的项目。因此，路由表通常包含目的网络和到达该目的网络路径上的下一个路由器的IP地址。

4．C 路由器是网络层设备，网络层通过IP地址标识主机，所以路由器根据IP地址转

发分组。

5．C 路由器是第三层设备，具有处理网络层协议数据的能力，因此即便是两个互联的局域网具有不同的网络层协议，也可以在路由器上实现协议的转换，所以物理层、数据链路层、网络层协议可以不同。而网络层之上的协议数据是路由器所不能处理的，因此网络层以上的高层协议必须相同。该题容易错选B。主要原因是在目前的互联网广泛使用的是TCP／IP协议族，在网络层用的多是IPvd协议，所以误以为网络层协议必须相同。而实际上，使用特定的路由器连接IPX与IPV4网络，连接IPv4与IPv6网络就是典型的网络层协议不同而实现互联的例子。

6．B 每个路由器都是根据它所知网络拓扑情况动态地选择IP分组的下一跳地址，而源主机也只是把IP分组发给网关，所以路由器和源主机都是不知道IP分组要经过的完整路径的.

7．D 拥塞现象是指到达通信子网中某一部分的分组数量过多，使得该部分网络来不及处理，以致引起这部分乃至整个网络性能下降的现象，严重时甚至会导致网络通信业务陷入停

顿即出现死锁现象。A项网络性能显然是提高的，B、C两项中网络节点接收和发出的分组多少与网络的吞吐量并不是正比的关系，不能确定网络是否拥塞，因此选D。

8．B 静态路由选择也需要维护整个网络的拓扑结构信息，A错误。动态路由选择实现复杂，且开销大；静态路由选择实现简单且开销小，C错误。动态路由选择和静态路由选择都使用路由表，D错误。

9．D 路由选择协议的功能通常包括：获取网络拓扑信息、构建路由表、在网络中更新路由信息、选择到达每个目的网络的最优路径、识别一个通过网络的无环通路等。发现下一跳的物理地址一般是通过其他方式(如ARP)来实现，不属于路由选择协议的功能。

10．B 距离一向量路由算法要求每一个路由器维护一张路由表，该表给出了到达每个目地址的已知最佳距离(最小代价)和下一步的转发地址。算法要求每个路由器定期与所有相邻路由器交换整个路由表，并更新自己的路由表项。注意从邻接节点接收到了路由表不能直接进行比较，而是要加上相邻节点传输消耗后再进行计算。

C到B的距离是6，那么通过B点最短距离矢量是(1 1，6，1 4，1 8，1 2，8)。同理，通过D节点和E节点的最短距离矢量分别是(1 9，1 5，9，3，1 2，1 3)禾H(1 2，11，8，1 4，5，9)。那么C点到所有节点的最短距离应该是(1 1，6，0，3，5，8)。

11．D 在距离一向量路由协议中，“好消息传得快，而坏消息传得慢’’，这就导致了当路j信息发生变化时，该变化未能及时地被所有路由器知道，而仍然可能在路由器之间进行传递，这就是“慢收敛”现象。慢收敛是导致发生路由回路的根本原因。

12．A 在链路状态路由算法中，每个路由器在自己的链路状态变化时，将链路状态信息洪泛法传送给网络中其他的路由器。发送的链路状态信息包括该路由器的相邻路由器以及所有相邻链路的状态，A错误。链路状态协议具有快速收敛的优点，它能够在网络拓扑发生三化时，立即进行路由的重新计算，并及时向其他路由器发送最新的链路状态信息，使得各路由器的链路状态表能够尽量保持一致，B、C、D正确。

13．D 判断一个IP分组的交付方式是直接交付还是间接交付，路由器需要根据分组的目的IP地址和源IP地址是否属于同一个子网来进行判断。具体来说，将一个分组的源IP地址和目的IP地址分别与子网掩码进行“与’’比较，如果得到的子网地址相同，该分组就采用直接交付方式，否则就进行间接交付。

14．C TCP和UDP都是传输层协议，IP、ICMP、ARP、RARP(逆地址解析协议)是网络层协议。

15．B A是C类网络号，不是主机地址。C是为回环测试保留的地址。D是语法错误的鱼址，不允许有256。B可以分配给主机，其A类网络号是1 1 0，主机号是47．1 0．0。

16．A在分类的IP网络中，C类地址的前24位为网络位，后8为主机位，主机位全“0”表示网络号，主机位全“1”为广播地址，因此最多可以有28-2=254台主机或路由器。

17．B 协议字段表示使用IP的上层协议，如值为6表示TCP，值为1 7表示UDP。版本三段表示IP的版本，值为4表示：IPv4，值为6表示IPv6。

18．D 片偏移标识该分片所携带数据在原始分组所携带数据中的相对位置，以8B为单位。

19．B 如果分组长度超过MTU，当．DF=I寸，丢弃该分组，并且要用ICMP差错报文向源主机报告；当DF=0 H寸，则进行分片。

20．B 对于A选项，1 32．1 9．237．5的前8位与1 32．0．0．8／8匹配。而B选项中，1 32．1 9．237的前1l位1 32．1 9．0．0／1 1匹配。C选项中，1 32．1 9．23 7．5的前22位与1 32．1 9．233．0／22不匹配霉根据“最长前缀匹配原则”，该分组应该被转发到R2。D选项为默认路由，只有当前面的所有目的网络都不能和分组的目的IP地址匹配时才使用。

21．D ICMP是一个网络层协议，但是它的报文仍然要封装在IP分组中发送。

22．C PING使用了ICMP的询问报文中的回送请求和回答报文。

23．C ICMP差错报告报文有5种，终点不可达、源点抑制、时间超过、参数问题、改变路由(重定向)，其中源点抑制是当路由器或主机由于拥塞而丢弃数据报时，就向源点发送源点抑制报文，使源点知道应当把数据报的发送速率放慢。

24．C 由于24010=111100002，所以共有1 2个比特位用于主机地址，且主机位全0和全1不能使用，所以最多可以有的主机数为212-2=4094。

25．C 首先分析1 92．1 68．4．0／30这个网络，主机号占两位，地址范围1 92．1 68．4．0／30-~1 92．1 68．4．3／3 0，即可以容纳(4-2=2)个主机。主机位为全1时，即 1 92．1 68．4．3，是广播地址，因此网内所有主机都能收到，因此选C。

26．A 由题可知除去网络ID，主机ID有5位二进制数，一位二进制无法分配主机号(排除了0和 1就没了)，最少两位二进制表示主机号，因此还剩3位二进制可以表示子网号．所以最多可以分成8个子网。当五位二进制都表示主机数，即只有一个子网时，每个子网最多具有30个有效地IP地址(除去了全0和全1)。

27．B 由于该网络的IP地址为192．1 68．5．0／24，因此其网络号为前24位。第25～32位为子网位+主机位。而子网掩码为25 5．255．25 5．248，其第25～32位的248用二进制表示为1 1 1 1 1 000，因此后8位中，前5位用于子网号，最大子网个数为25=32，后3位用于主机号，主机号不能为全1或全0，最大可分配地址个数为23-2=6。

28．A数据报被分片后，每个分片都将被尽力而为地独立传输到目的地，期间可能会经过不同的路径，因此，分片的重组工作只能在目的端系统进行。

29．B 为每个分组设定生命周期TTL，每经过一个路由器TTL就减1，TTL为0时，

路由器就不再转发该分组。因此可以避免分组在网络中无限循环下去。

30．D 在数据链路层， MAC地址用来标识主机或路由器，数据报到达具体的目的网络后，需要知道目的主机的MAC地址才能被成功送达，因此需要将IP地址转换成对应的MAC地址，即物理地址。

31．C 在Internet中，允许一台主机有两个或两个以上的IP地址。如果一台主机有两个或两个以上的IP地址，说明这台主机属于两个或两个以上的逻辑网络。值得注意的是．在同一时刻一个合法的IP地址只能分配给一台主机，否则就会引起IP地址的冲突。II)地址

1 92．1 68．11．25属于C类IP地址，所以A、B、D同属于一个逻辑网络，只有C的网络号不同，表示在不同的逻辑网络。 ．

32．D、A CIDR地址由网络前缀和主机号两部分组成，CIDR将网络前缀都相同的：连续的IP地址组成"CIDR地址块”。网络前缀的长度为20位，主机号为1 2位，因此1 92．1

68．0．0~1地址块中的地址数为212个。其中，当主机号为全0时，取最小地址，即为1 92．1

68．0．0。当主机号全为1时，取最大地址1 92． 1 68．1 5．25 5。对于2 1 8．1 6．0．1

9／28，表示子网掩码的二进制数中从左至右有28个连续的“1”，即子网掩码为255．255．255．240。IP地址2 1 8．1 6．0．1 9与IP地址2 1 8．1 6．0．1 7所对应的前28位数相同，都是1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 000 1 0000 00000000 000 1，所以IP地址2 1 8．1 6．0．1

7是子网2 1 8．1 6．0．1 9／28的一个主机地址。应注意，主机号全0和全1的地址一般不使用。

33．D 最初设计的分类IP地址，由于每类地址所能连接的主机数大大超过一般单位的需求量，从而造成了IP地址的浪费。划分子网通过从网络的主机号借用若干比特作为子网号，从而对原来较大规模的网络细分成几个规模较小的网络，提高了IP地址的利用率。

无分类编址CIDR是比划分子网更为灵活的一种手段，它消除了A、B、C类地址以及划分子网的概念。使用各种长度的网络前缀来代替分类地址中的网络号和子网号，将网络前

缀都相同的IP地址组成“CIDR地址块”。网络前缀越短，地址块越大。因特网服务提供者再根据客户的具体情况，分配适合大小的CIDR地址块给客户，从而更加有效地利用了IPv4的地址空间。

采用网络地址转换NAT，可以使一些使用本地地址的专用网连接到因特网上，从而使得一些机构的内部主机可以使用专用地址，只需给此机构分配一个IP地址即可，并且这些专用地址是可重用的——其他机构也可使用，所以大大节省了IP地址的消耗。

尽管以上三种方法可以在一定阶段内有效缓解IP地址耗尽的危机，但无论从计算机本身发展还是因特网规模和传输速率来看，现在的IPv4地址已很不适用了，所以治本的方法还是使用．128bit编址的IPv6地址。

34．C 本题中，IP地址1 36．62．2．55和网关地址1 36．62．89．1显然均为B类地址。其中，2的二进制表示为：000000 1 0，89的二进制表示为：0 1 0 1 1 00 1，因此，如果主机IP地址和网关地址属于同一子网，则子网掩码须为：255．25 5．1 28．0。但子网掩码255．25 5．1 28．0所允许的有效子网为21-2=0，显然IP地址和网关地址的两者之一必存在错误。

对于子网掩码255．255．1 92．0，其第3个字节1 92的二进制表示位：1 1 000000，表示的含义是：所划分的网络包括22—2=2个子网，子网号为：0 1和1 O(其中，全O和全1的子网号具有特殊的含义，不能使用)，因此，两个子网的主机地址范围分别为：1

36．62．64．1～1 36．62．1 27．254，1 36．62．1 28．1～1 36．62．1 9 1．254。可以看出，IP地址不在上述范围之内。

35．A 在Internet中，IP数据报从源节点到目的节点可能需要经过多个网络和路由器。

当一个路由器接收到一个IP数据报时，路由器根据IP数据报头部中的目的IP地址进行路由选择，并不改变源IP地址的取值。即使在IP数据报被分片时，源IP数据报的源IP地址和目的IP地址也将复制到每个分片的头部中，因此在整个传输过程中，IP数据报头部中的源IP地址和目的IP地址都不发生变化。

36．B 在本题的条件下，某主机不能正常通信就意味着它的IP地址与其他三台不在同一个子网。25 5．255．255．224 可以划分出23=8个子网，其中前3个子网的地址范围为202．3．1．0～3 1、32～63、64～95。可以看出B选项属于子网202．3．1．64，而其余3项属于子网202．3．1．32。

37．B 未进行子网划分时，B类地址有1 6位作为主机位。由于共需要划分5 1个子网，25<5 1<26，那么需要从主机位划出6位作为子网号，剩下的10位主机位可容纳主机数为1 022(210一2)个主机，满足题目要求。因此子网掩码为255．255．252．0。

38．C A中第4个字节1 20为0 1 1 1 1 000，前5位为0 1 1 1 1；B中第4个字节64为0 1 000000，前5位为0 1 000；C中第4个字节1 08为0 1 1 0 1 1 00，前4位为0 1 1 0；D中第4个字节1 04为0 1 1 0 1 1 00，前5位为0 1 1 0 1。由于已经分配的子网74．1 78．247．96／29的第4字节前5位为0 11 00，这与C中第4字节的前4位重叠。因此C中的网络前缀不能再分配给其他子网。

39．D 本题实际上就是要求找一个子网掩码，使得A和B的IP地址与该子网掩码逐位相“与”之后得到相同的结果。D选项与A、B相与的结果均为2 1 6．0．0．0。

40．A 由于相互通信的主机不在同一个子网内，因此不可以直接通过ARP广播得到目的站点的硬件地址。硬件地址只具有本地意义，因此每当路由器将数据报转发到一个具体的网络中时，都需要重新封装源硬件地址和目的硬件地址。

41．C 由题可知，分组携带的数据长度为980B，文件长度为980000B，需拆分为1000

个分组，加上头部后，每个分组大小为1 000B，总共需要传送的数据量大小为1 MB。由于所有链路的数据传输速度相同，因此文件传输经过最短路径时所需时间最少，最短路径经过

两个分组交换机。

当t=1M×8／100Mbit／s=80ms时，H1发送完最后一个bit。由于传输延时，当H1发完所有数据后，还有两个分组未到达目的地，其中最后一个分组，需经过两个分组交换机的转发，在两次转发完成后，所有分组均到达目的主机。每次转发的时间为t0=1K×8／1 00Mbit／s=0．08ms.

所以，在不考虑分组拆装时间和等待延时的情况下，当t=80ms+2t0=80．1 6ms时，H2接收完文件，即所需的时间至少为80．1 6ms。

二、综合应用题

1．解析：

要求出分组所携带数据的长度，就需要分别知道首部的长度和分组的总长度。解题的关键在与弄清首部长度的字段和总长度字段的单位。由于首部长度字段的单位是4B，101的十进制为5，所以首部长度=5×4=20B。而总长度字段的单位是字节，1 01 000的十进制为40，所以总长度为40B，故分组携带的数据长度为40-20=20B。

2．解答：

数据报长度为4000B，则有效载荷为4000-20=3 980B。网络能传送的最大有效载荷为1

500－20=1 480B，故应分为3个短些的片，各片的数据字段长度分别为1 480、1 480和1 020B。片段偏移字段的单位为8B，1480／8=1 85，(1 480×2)／8=3 70，故片段偏移字段的值分别为O、1 85、370。MF=1时，代表后面还有分片；MF=0时，代表后面没有分片了，故MF字段的值分别为1、1和O。(注意：。MF=0不能确定是否是独立的数据报，还是分片而得来的，当MF=0，且片段偏移字段>O，才能确定是分片的最后一个分片。)

3．解答：

在IP层下面的每一种数据链路层都有自己的帧格式，其中包括帧格式中的数据字段的最大长度，这称为最大传输单位MTU。1 500-20=1480，2000—1480=520，520+20=540，540<576c所以原IP数据报经过第1个网络后分成了两个IP小报文，第一个报文的数据部分长度是1 480B，第二个报文的数据部分长度是520B。第一个报文经过第2个网络后1 480—556×2=3 68<576，变成数据长度分别为556B、556B、368B的3个IP小报文；因此到达

目的主机时，原2000B的数据被分成数据长度分别为556B、5 56B、368B、520B四个小报文。

4．解析：

分片的片偏移值表示其数据部分在原始分组的数据部分中的相对位置，其单位为8B。首部长度字段以4B为单位，总长度字段以字节为单位。题目中，分组的片偏移值为100，那么其数据部分第一个字节的编号是800。因为分组的数据部分总长度100B，首部长度为4×5=20B，所以数据部分长度为80B。那么该分组的数据部分的最后一个字节的编号是879。(注意是从O开始编号的)

5．解析：

通过将目的地址和子网掩码换算成二进制，并进行逐位“与”就可得到子网地址。但是通常在目的地址中，子网掩码为25 5所对应部分在子网地址中不变，子网掩码为0的所对应的部分在子网地址中为0，其他部分按二进制逐位“与”求得。本题中，子网掩码的前两个部分为25 5．255，那么子网地址前两个部分为20 1．23 0；子网掩码最后一个部分为0，那么子网地址的最后一个部分为0；子网地址第3个部分为240，那么进行换算24010=1 1 1

1 00002，3410=00 1 000 l 02，逐位相“与”得001 000002=32lo。故子网地址为20 1．23 O．32．0。

6．解答：

由于一个CIDR地址块中可以包含很多地址，所以路由表中就利用CIDR地址块来查找

目的网络，这种地址的聚合常称为路由聚合。

本题已知有2 1 2．56．1 32．0／24、2 1 2．56．1 3 3．0／24、2 1 2．56．1 34．0／24、2 1 2．56．1 3 5．0／24地址块，2 1 2=(11010 1 00)2，56=(00 11 1 000)2，由于这4个地址块的第1、2个字节相同，考虑它们的第3字节：1 32=(1 0000 1 00)2，1 3 3=(1 0000 1 01)2，1 34=(1 0000 11 0)2，1 3 5=(1 0000 11 1)2，所以共同的前缀有22位，即 1 1 0 1 0 1 0000 1 1

1 000 1 0000 1，聚合的CIDR．地址块是2 1 2．56．1 32．0／22。

7．解答：

1)可以采用划分子网的方法对该公司的网络进行划分。由于该公司包括4个部门，共需

要划分为4个子网。

2)已知网络地址1 92．1 68．1 6 1．0是一个C类地址，所需子网数为4个，每个子网的主机数为20～3 0。由于子网号和主机号不允许是全O或全1，因此，子网号的比特数为3，即最多有23—2=15个可分配的子网，主机号的比特数为5，即每个子网最多有25—2=30个可分配的IP地址。

四个部门子网子网掩码均为255．25 5．25 5．224，各部门网络地址与部门主机IP地址范围可分配如下：

部门 部门网络地址 主机IP地址范围

工程技术部 192．168．161．32 192．168．161-33～192．168．161．62

市场部 192．168．161．64 192．168．161．65～192．168．161．95

财务部 192．168．161．96 192．168．161．97"-'192．168．161．126

办公室 192．168．161．128 192．168．161．129"---'192．168．161．158

8．解析：

1)分别用路由表项中的各个掩码与分组的IP地址逐位相“与”。对于分组A，第2、3、4项都能与之匹配，但是根据最长匹配原则，应该根据网络前缀为1 3 1．1 28．55．32／30的表项进行转发，那么下一跳是C。对于分组B，路由表中第2和4项都能与之匹配，同样根据最长匹配原则，应该根据第2个路由表项转发，下一跳路由器为B。

2)要达到题目的要求，只需增加1条针对1 3 1．1 28．5 5．3 3的特定主机路由即可。增加的表项为：网络前缀1 3 1．1 28．5 5．3 3／32；下一跳A。

3)增加1条默认路由：网络前缀0．0．0．0／0；下一跳E。 ．

4)要划分成4个规模尽可能大的子网，则需要从主机位中划出2位作为子网位(22＝4，

CIDR)广泛使用之后允许子网位可以全0和全1)。那么子网掩码应该是255．25 5．25 5．1

92。

子网1：1 3 1．1 28．56．O／26，范围：1 3 1．1 28．56．1～1 3 1．1 28．56．62。

子网2：1 3 1．1 28．56．64／26，范围：1 3 1．1 28．56．65～1 3 1．1 28．56．1 26

子网3：1 3 1．1 28．56．1 28／26，范围：1 3 1．1 28．56．1 29"--"1 3 1．1 28．56．1 90

子网4：1 3 1．1 28．56．1 92／26，范围：1 3 1．1 28．56．1 93～1 3 1．1 28．56．254

9．解答：

分配网络前缀应先分配地址数较多的前缀。已知该自治系统分配到的IP地址块为

30．1 3 8．1 1 8／23。

LAN3：主机数1 50，由于(27-2)<1 50+1<(28-2)，所以主机号为8bit，网络前缀为24。取第24位为0，分配地址块30．1 3 8．11 8．0／24。

LAN2：主机数9 1，由于(26-2)<9 1+1<(27一2)，所以主机号为7bit，网络前缀为25。取第24，25位1 0，分配地址块30．1 3 8．1 1 9．0／25。

LAN5：主机数为1 5，由于(24-2)<1 5+1<(25—2)，所以主机号为5bit，网络前缀27。取第24，25，26，27位为11 1 0，分配的地址块为30．1 3 8．1 1 9．1 92／27。

LAN 1：共有3个路由器，再加上一个网关地址，至少需要4个IP地址。由于(22-2)<3+1<(23-2)所以主机号为3bit，网络前缀29。取第24，25，26，27，28，29位为11 ll0l，

分配的地址块为30．1 3 8．1 1 9．232／29。

LAN4：主机数为3，由于(22—2)<3+1<(23—2)，所以主机号为3bit，网络前缀29。取第24，25，26，27，28，29位为1 11 1l0，分配的地址块为30．1 3 8．1 1 9．240／29。

10．解答：

1)IP地址空间202．11 8．1．0／24共有256个IP地址，除去主机号不符为全。和全1的特殊地址外，还有254个IP地址可分配给计算机。如果划分成两个子网，每个子网各有1 27个IP地址可分配给计算机。因此可以使用子网掩码255．255．255．1 28将IP地址空间202．118．1．0/24

划分为2个子网，分别分配给局域网1和局域网2，每个局域网可分配的IP地址数都是127

个。划分后的第一个子网是202．11 8．1．1 28／25，第二个子网是202．11 8．1．0／25。

2)R1的路由表见表4－10。

3)R2到局域网1和局域网2的路由见表4－1 1。

可将这两条路由聚合见表4－1 2。

目的网络IP地址 子网掩码 下一跳IP地址 接口

202．1 18．1．0／24 255．255．255．O 202．118．2．1 LO

11．解答：

1)A主机网络地址：1 92．1 68．75．1 6；B主机网络地址：1 92．1 68．75．1 44；C主机网络地址：1 92．1 68．75．1 44；D主机网络地址：1 92．1 68．75．1 60；E主机网络地址：1 92．1 68．75．1 60。5台主机A、B、C、D、E分属3个网段，主机B和C在一个网段，主机D和E在一个网段，A主机在一个网段。D主机网络地址：1 92．1 68．75．1

60。

2)其IP地址范围为1 92．1 68．75．1 7，、-~1 92．1 68．75．30，并且不能为1 92．1

68．75．1 8。

3)广播地址是：1 92．1 68．75．1 75。D主机和E主机可以收到。

12．解答：

1)CIDR．中的子网号可以全0或全1，但主机号不能全0或全1。因此，若将IP地址空间202．1 1 8．1．0／24划分为两个子网，且每个局域网需分配的IP地址个数不少于1 20个，子网号至少要占用1位。由26-2<1 20<2 7-2可知，主机号至少要占用7位。由于源IP地址空间的网络前缀为24位，因此主机号位数+子网号位数=8。

综上可得，主机号为7位，子网号为1位。因此，子网的划分结果为：子网1：202．1

1 8．1．0／25，子网2：202．1 1 8．1．1 28／25。 ‘

地址分配方案：子网1分配给局域网1，子网2分配给局域网2，或子网1分配给局域网2，子网2分配给局域网1。

2)由于局域网1和局域网2分别与路由器R1的E 1、E2接口直接相连，因此在R1的路由表中，目的网络为局域网1的转发路径是直接通过接口E 1转发，目的网络为局域网2的转发路径是直接通过接EI E I．转发。由于局域网1、2的网络前缀均为25位，因此它们的子网掩码均为255．255．255．128。

根据题意，R1专门为域名服务器设定了一个特定的路由表项，因此该路由表项中的子网掩码应为255．255．255．255。对应的下一跳转发地址是202．1 1 8．2．2，转发接口是L0。

根据题意，到互联网的路由实质上相当于一个默认路由，默认路由一般写作0／0，即目的地址为0．0．0．0，子网掩码为0．0．0．0。对应的下一跳转发地址是202．1 1 8．2．2，转发接口是LO。

综上可得到路由器R1的路由表为：

(若子网1分配给局域网1，子网2分配给局域网2)

(若子网1分配给局域网2，子网2分配给局域网1)

3)局域网1和局域网2的地址可以聚合为202．1 1 8．1．0／24，而对于路由器R2来说，通往局域网1和2的转发路径都是从L0接口转发，因此采用路由聚合技术后，路由器R2到局域网1和局域网2的路由为：

13．解析：

1)首先找到目的．MAC地址00：1 d：72：98：1 d：fc的位置(在图4-24中位置1标出)，根据以太网帧的结构，源MAC地址紧跟在目的MAC地址后面，因此源MAC地址为

00：00：5e：00：01：01。又因为MAC地址只具有本地意义，那么这个源MAC地址就是主机A所在网络的网关路由器的端El MAC。

2)要求得IP分组所携带的数据量，需要知道首部长度和总长度。2 1 8．207．6 1．．2 1

1表示成十六进制是da．cf．3d．d3，并且作为分组中的目的IP地址。在图中确定目的IP地址的位置(位置2)，在根据IP首部的结构，分别从目的IP的位置向前数1 4和1 6个字节，即可找到总长度和首部长度字段的位置。但是首部长度字段所在的字节值为0x45，首部长度字段只有4个位，前4位是版本号。因此首部字段的值为5，单位为4B，所以首部长度20B。总长度字段值为0x0190，十进制为400B。因此分组携带的数据长度为380B。

3)由于整个IP分组的长度是400B，大于输出链路MTU(3 80B)。这个时候需要考虑分

片，但是，是否能够分片还得看IP首部中的标志位。IP首部中的标志字段占3位，从前到后依次为保留位、DF位、MF位。根据IP首部结构找到标志字段所在的直接，其值为0x40，

二进制表示为0 1 000000，那么DF=I，不能对该IP分组进行分片。那么路由器应进行的操作是丢弃该分组，并用ICMP差错报文向源主机报告。

（英文版 ）

Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in

power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of

comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with

the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party

supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other,

the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party

members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; <

rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as

"negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and

Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four

square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two

party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the

second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the

revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two

party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several

key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the

two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the

necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the

amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres

honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party

discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen

party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work

lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological

consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our

predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation;

follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's

leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem.

The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and

the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session,

reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General

Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's

eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations

of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as

members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria

(Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of

January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading

cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party

strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the

actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not

allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the

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excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and

discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations

repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is

to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is

narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in

1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on

revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to

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unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice

needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and

other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political

discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the

party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of

misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the

main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members.

Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest

administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant

regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party

discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party

members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party

consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central

Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to

two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth

Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for

Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear

instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission

for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two

regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission

for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14

times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment

clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target,

respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary

of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission,

part of the central ministries and state organs Department

The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of

experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members.

Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on

7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party

issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities)

Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and

commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the

military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision

opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive

solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent

reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political

Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central

Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On

October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment

concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, <

code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party

regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight

plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central

Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the

revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the

ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front

of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu

Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere

to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and

self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party

compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the

constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no

side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow

the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central

Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th

Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the

party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision

of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations

established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the

party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set

up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline,

the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific

requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations

governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly

refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The

revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the

positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized

self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party

members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji

method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing

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positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results

transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and

discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres

provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the

problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of

Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the

discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years

strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and

to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four

winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace

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code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and

party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of

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forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to

simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to

remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on

a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms,

moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National

People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest

administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the

revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead,

specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms,

etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents

can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on

ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style,

noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong

tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the

foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to

reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline

norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the

"public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter

music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered

self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of

the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color,

the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other

aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four

norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and

"party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a

total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and

"eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several

generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the

important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for

attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation

excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised

regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to

the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations

governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the

discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the

basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of

Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of

thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to

keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution,

refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb

physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of

the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements

refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in

accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action.

The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for

political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and

discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule >

real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed

a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political

rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of

outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political

rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership

and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience,

the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase

the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to

ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and

unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji

separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji

separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions,

the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public

security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In

the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must

conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national

laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party

members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and

responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with

special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of

Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption

struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years

implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the

requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary

provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a

gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase

the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary

terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of

the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary

terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the

party's close ties with the masses.

Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total

of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision

of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided

into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions"

Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion

of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters.

The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and

scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the

party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party

Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must

abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would

examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and

maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline,

exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second

chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the

regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year

and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party

above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization

should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third

chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline

rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely

or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of

five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the

central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter

on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different

conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve

effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the

provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review

found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery,

dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is

suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or

expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the

provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that

party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in

a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should

be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until

expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former

regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict,

and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective

performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot

is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party

organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other

illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state

and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness

given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging

the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At

this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the

other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration

punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The

fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the

circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a

decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a

conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within

the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party.

Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts;

the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding

paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective

convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the

Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law

(including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights;

due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more

(excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to

negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three

years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in

general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled

from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the

original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization

rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with

criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be

expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member

of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and

punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear

the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties,

wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub

sub section will the original regulations of

10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6

categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political

discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation

of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts

of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in

violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex"

Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary

provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations

implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding >

< regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem --

about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance

chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the

main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory,

basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of

misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen

since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng

treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical

achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false

debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no

discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen

years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich

content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of

centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the

provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme

requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of

the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application

of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is

also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop

inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members,

safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the

enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party

members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration,

ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to

ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing.

The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies,

through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations

and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people

face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, ""

Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people

thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of

the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but

also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no

doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in

Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious

consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue

processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New

Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's

unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation

made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round

group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through

the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other

activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw

from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give

Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the

organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty

honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members

must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization

decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the

organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization.

For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain

the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the

stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior

of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although

the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the

fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this

kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of

discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization

review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if

the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on

probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give

expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer,

conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence

Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to

provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of

the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution

requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the

definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4)

about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as <

Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction

of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but

according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work,

social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone

make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of

feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not

consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new

regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political

discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in

superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political

discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere

to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is

consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline

violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental

organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the

behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of

democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior

for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the

relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to

report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal

matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious

mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the

organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old

Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country

residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier

Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report

personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of

China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues

related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request,

deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report

changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country

(territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters,

for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to

the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a

correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the

commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post

processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant

provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original <

Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of

the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there

is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to

operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report

about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the

Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting

requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making

this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on

matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline

review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal

organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations

stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of

relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous

formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the

punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs

note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting

the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the

Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization

Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political

Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in

the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms

organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow,

Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of

discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified,

leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous

incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like

the organization and shall not bear the sorority

Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in

the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss

sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid"

behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to

participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association,

comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly

means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading

cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a

violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity

violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean

government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance

to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content,

most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest

administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1)

the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in

the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement

the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive

briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public

funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment

allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the

original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the

Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super

standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will

implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to

"clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond

the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some

in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant

persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to

the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to

add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports

card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private

clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article

97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17

spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the

Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the

reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of

punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management

of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions

regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office

space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to

split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of

public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of

the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed

provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in

violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to

pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and

public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition.

On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in

addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and

self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original <

Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of

the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide

responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position

influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New

Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant

provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the

functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around

profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each

other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives,

around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to

seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning

Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from

or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are

serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance,

acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff

around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or

position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given

a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious,

giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the

circumstances are serious, the given

Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses,

children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although

the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary

standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in

accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the

gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in

official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has

seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the

relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is

really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on

accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one

size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in

accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the

impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to

depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary

sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts,

gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with

the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than

normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to

disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely

reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts,

shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do,

also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously

beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is

emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to

you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the

normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of

individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the

processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is

the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public

service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and

other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao

normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are

relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the

above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity,

giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other

regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in

punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant

provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other

securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need

to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance.

The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77

provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one

of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article

"violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual

representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique

removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to

change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of

other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions

refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council

promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's

personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the

provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks

and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth

question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions <

new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set

of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the

discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations >

Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the

destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made

provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond

the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the

public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support,

disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and

affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the

masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with

the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and

village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know

the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work

discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party

organizations carry out strictly

Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party

organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party

does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New

Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in

chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment"

increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform

comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform

comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the

ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the

person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a

warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from

their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the

first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does

not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the

higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit,

work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause

serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly

responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a

serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from

their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour

visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams

to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the

inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or

serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the

responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of

< rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not

granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to

the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation

of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the

following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation:

members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give

disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be

given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by

decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the

provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party,

position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to

disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority

and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry

out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be

pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem,

implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by

the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with

cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the

implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities.

The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in

violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four

winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue

acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of

extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs

disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150

about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is

removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair

improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict.

Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement

system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party

organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members

follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party

committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection

group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common

responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party

committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the

main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations

learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is

fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party

Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly

political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is

to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the

bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the

study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a

disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for

Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an

important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily

blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement

And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One

is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party

constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution

authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom

line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in

front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of

supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline

embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up,

Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out

disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate

an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the

provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains

discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand

serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the

general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter

punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the

local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant

laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish,

change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of

cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and

working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres