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2018考研英语二真题和答案完整版

Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text。 Choose the best word （s）

for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on

the ANSWER SHEET。 （10 points）

Why do people read negative Internet comments

and do other things that will obviously be painful？

Because humans have an inherent need

to 1 uncertainty， according to a recent study in

Psychological Science。 The new research reveals that

the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to

satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer

will 3 。

In a series of four experiments， behavioral

scientists at the University of Chicago and the

Wisconsin School of Business tested。 Student’s

willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli

in an effort to satisfy curiosity。 For one 5 each

participant was shown a pile of pens that the

researcher claimed were from a previous experiment。

The twist？ Half of the pens would 6 an electric

shock when clicked。

Twenty-seven students were told which pens

were electrified， another twenty-seven were told only

that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room，

the students who did not know which ones would

shock them clicked more pens and incurred more

shocks than the students who knew what would 8

subsequent experiments reproduced， this effect with

other stimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a

chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects。

The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans。

Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter，

says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago

Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can

_12_New Scientific advances， for instance-but

sometimes such_13_can backfire， the insight that

curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound

one。

Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ， however，

in a final experiment， participants who were

encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing

an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see

such an image。 These results suggest that imagining

the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity

ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the

endeavor。 ” Thinking about long-term 20 is key

to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity。

Hsee says “in other words， don’t read online

comments”。

1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore

2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek

3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise

4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose

5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D]

concept

6。[A] remove [B] weaken [C]

interrupt [D] deliver

7。[A]when [B] if [C]

though [D] unless

8。[A] continue [B] happen [C]

disappear [D] change

9。[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C]

such as [D] owing to

10。[A] discover [B] forgive [C]

forget [D] disagree

11。[A] pay [B] marriage [C]

schooling [D] food

12。[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn

from [D] begin with

13。[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C]

inquiry [D] diligence

14。[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C]

self-evident [D] self-deceptive

15。[A] define [B]

resist [C]replace [D] trace

16。[A] overlook [B] predict [C]

design [D] conceal

17。[A] remember [B] promise [C]

choose [D] pretend

18。[A] relief [B] plan [C]

duty [D] outcome

19。[A] why [B] whether [C]

where [D] how

20。[A] consequences [B] investments [C]

strategies [D] limitations

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：

Read the following four texts。 Answer the

questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D。

Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 （40

points）

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost

as though he has to justify his efforts to give his

students a better future。

Mr。 Koziatek is part of something pioneering。

He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school

where learning is not something of books and tests

and mechanical memorization， but practical。 When

did it become accepted wisdom that students should

be able to name the 13th president of the United

States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike

chain？

As Koziatek knows， there is learning in just

about everything。 Nothing is necessarily gained by

forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk

stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum。

They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle。

But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice。

Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of

inferiority。 Schools in the family of vocational

education “have that stereotype。。。that it’s for kids

who can’t make it academically，”he says。

On one hand， that viewpoint is a logical product

of America’s evolution。 Manufacturing is not the

economic engine that it once was。 The job security

that the US economy once offered to high school

graduates has largely evaporated。 More education is

the new principle。 We want more for our kids， and

rightfully so。

But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees

for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less –

misses an important point： That’s not the only

thing the American economy need。 Yes， a

bachelor’s degree opens more doors。 But even now，

54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill

jobs， such as construction and high-skill

manufacturing。 But only 44 percent of workers are

adequately trained。

In other words， at a time when the working class

has turned the country on its political head，

frustrated that the opportunity that once defined

America is vanishing， one obvious solution is staring

us in the face。 There is a gap in working-class jobs，

but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t

equipped to do them。 Koziatek’s Manchester school

of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap。

Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call。 When

education becomes one-size-fits-all， it risks

overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts。

21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show

students’ lack of 。

[A] practical ability

[B] academic training

[C] pioneering spirit

[D] mechanical memorization

22. There exists the prejudice that vocational

education is for kids who 。

[A] have a stereotyped mind

[B] have no career motivation

[C] are not academically successful

[D] are financially disadvantaged

23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school

graduates 。

[A] used to have big financial concerns

[B] used to have more job opportunities

[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing

[D] are entitled to more educational privileges

24. The headlong push into bachelor‘s degrees for

all 。

[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education

25. The author‘s attitude toward Koziatek’s

school can be described as 。

[A] supportive

[B] tolerant

[C] disappointed

[D] cautious

Text 2

While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85

percent of the world’s energy supply， it’s clearer

than ever that the future belongs to renewable

sources such as wind and solar。 The move to

renewables is picking up momentum around the

world： They now account for more than half of new

power sources going on line。

Some growth stems from a commitment by

governments and farsighted businesses to fund

cleaner energy sources。 But increasingly the story is

about the plummeting prices of renewables，

especially wind and solar。 The cost of solar panels

has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind

turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years。

In many parts of the world renewable energy is

already a principal energy source。 In Scotland， for

example， wind turbines provide enough electricity to

power 95 percent of homes。 While the rest of the

world takes the lead， notably China and Europe， the

United States is also seeing a remarkable shift。 In

March， for the first time， wind and solar power

accounted for more than 10 percent of the power

generated in the US， reported the US Energy

Information Administration。

President Trump has underlined fossil

fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic

growth。 In a recent speech in Iowa， he dismissed

wind power as an unreliable energy source。 But that

message did not play well with many in Iowa， where

wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of

the state’s electricity generation—and where tech

giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the

availability of clean energy to power their data centers。

The question “What happens when the wind

doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine？” has

provided a quick put-down for skeptics。 But a boost

in the storage capacity of batteries is making their

ability to keep power flowing around the clock more

likely。

The advance is driven in part by vehicle

manufacturers， who are placing big bets on

battery-powered electric vehicles。 Although electric

cars are still a rarity on roads now， this massive

investment could change the picture rapidly in

coming years。

While there’s a long way to go， the trend lines

for renewables are spiking。 The pace of change in

energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps

just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing

climate change。 What Washington does—or doesn’t

do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and

less at a time of a global shift in thought。

26. The word “plummeting”（Line 3， Para。 2） is

closest in meaning to 。

[A] stabilizing

[B] changing

[C] falling

[D] rising

27. According to Paragraph 3， the use of renewable

energy in America 。

[A] is progressing notably

[B] is as extensive as in Europe

[C] faces many challenges

[D] has proved to be impractical

28. It can be learned that in Iowa， 。

[A] wind is a widely used energy source

[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy

[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29. Which of the following is true about clean energy

according to Paragraphs 5&6？

[A] Its application has boosted battery storage。

[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing。

[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality。

[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain

difficult。

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

renewable energy____。

[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries。

[B] will accelerate global environmental change。

[C] is not really encouraged by the USA

government。

[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its

cost。

Text 3

The power and ambition of the giants of the

digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just

announced the purchase of the

upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $l3.5bn，

but two

years ago Facebook paid even more than

that to

acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，

which doesn‘t have any physical

product at all。 What WhatsApp offered Facebook

was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’

friendships and social lives。

Facebook promised the European commission

then that it would not link phone numbers to

Facebook identities， but it broke the promise almost

as soon as the deal went through。 Even without

knowing what was in the messages， the

knowledge of who sent them and

to whom was enormously revealing and still

could be。 What political journalist， what party whip，

would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp

groups in which Therea May‘s enemies are currently

plotting？ It may be that the value of Whole Foods to

Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns， but

the records of which customers have purchased what。

Competition law appears to be the only way to

address these imbalances of power。 But it is clumsy。

For one thing， it is very slow compared to the pace of

Change within the digital economy。 By the time a

problem has been addressed and remedied it may

have vanished in the marketplace， to be replaced by

new abuses of power。 But there is a deeper

conceptual problem， too。 Competition law as

presently interpreted deals with financial

disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious

when the users of these services don‘t pay for them。

The users of their Services are not their customers。

That would be the people who buy advertising from

them-and Facebook and Google， the two virtual

giants， dominate digital advertising to the

disadvantage of all other media and entertainment

companies。

The product they‘re selling is data， and we，

the users， convert our lives to date for the benefit of

the digital giants。 Just as some ants farm the bugs

called aphids for the honeydew the produce when

they feed， so Google farms us for the data that our

digital lives yield。 Ants keep predatory insects away

from where their aphids feed； Gmail keeps the

spamme out of our inboxes。 It doesn’t feel like a

human or democratic relationship， even if both sides

benefit。

31. According to Paragraph 1， Facebook acquired

WhatsApp for its 。

[A] digital products

[B] user information

[C] physical assets

[D] quality service

32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities

may 。

[A] worsen political disputes

[B] mess up customer records

[C] pose a risk to Facebook users

[D] mislead the European commission

33. According to the author， competition law 。

[A] should sever the new market powers

[B] may worsen the economic imbalance

[C] should not provide just one legal solution

[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market

34. Competition law as presently interpreted can

hardly protect Facebook users because 。

[A] they are not defined as customers

[B] they are not financially reliable

[C] the services are generally digital

[D] the services are paid for by advertisers

35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate 。

[A] a win-win business model between digital

giants

[B] a typical competition pattern among digital

giants

[C] the benefits provided for digital

giants ’customers

[D] the relationship between digital giants and

their users

Text 4

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being

busy， Cal Newport， author of Deep Work： Rules for

Focused Success in a Distracted World，

recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the

ability to focus without distraction。

There are a number of approaches to mastering

the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated

to a specific task； developing a daily ritual； or taking

a “journalistic” approach to seizing moment of deep

work when you can throughout the day。 Whichever

approach， the key is to determine your length of

focus time and stick to it。

Newport also recommends “deep scheduling”

to combat constant interruptions and get more done

in less time。 “At any given point， I should have

deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth。

Once on the calendar， I protect this time like I would

a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”， he

writes。

Another approach to getting more done in less

time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in

particular how we craft our to-do lists。 Tim Harford，

author of Messy： The Power of Disorder to Transform

Our Lives， points to a study in the early 1980s that

divided undergraduates into two groups： some were

advised to set out monthly goals and study activities；

others were told to plan activities and goals in much

more detail， day by day。

While the researchers assumed that the

well-structured daily plans would be most effective

when it came to the execution of tasks， they were

wrong： the detailed daily plans demotivated

students 。Harford argues that inevitable distractions

often render the daily to-do list ineffective， while

leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap

the best results。

In order to make the most of our focus and energy，

we also need to embrace downtime， or as Newport

suggests， “be lazy”。

“Idleness is not just a vacation， an indulgence

or a vice； it is as indispensable to the brain as

vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is，

paradoxically， necessary to getting any work done，”

he argues。

Srini Pillay， an assistant professor of psychiatry

at Harvard Medical School， believes this

counterintuitive link between downtime and

productivity may be due to the may our brains

operate。 When our brains switch between being

focused and unfocused on a task， they tend to be

more efficient。

“What people don’t realise is that in order to

complete these tasks they need to use both the focus

and unfocus circuits in their brain，” says Pillay。

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to 。

[A] keep to your focus time

[B] list your immediate tasks

[C] make specific daily plans

[D] seize every minute to work

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford

shows that 。

[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency。

[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying

[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly

goals

[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as

expected

38. According to Newport， idleness is 。

[A] a desirable mental state for busy people。

[B] a major contributor to physical health

[C] an effective way to save time and energy

[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work

39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between

being focused and unfocused 。

[A] can result in psychological well-being

[B] can bring about greater efficiency

[C] is aimed at better balance in work

[D] is driven by task urgency

40. This text is mainly about 。

[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life

[B] approaches to getting more done in less time

[C] the key to eliminating distractions

[D] the cause of the lack of focus time

Part B

Directions：

Read the following text and answer the questions

by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list

A-G for each numbered paragraph （41-45）。 There

are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use。

Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 （10

points）

1. Just say it

2. Be present

3. Pay a unique compliment

4. Name， places， things

5. Find the “me too”s

6. Skip the small talk

7. Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links， which means when you

have a conversation with a new person a link gets

formed and every conversation you have after that

moment will strengthen the link。

You meet new people every day： the grocery

worker， the cab driver， new people at work or the

security guard at the door。 Simply starting a

conversation with them will form a link。

Here are five simple ways that you can make the

first move and start a conversation with strangers。

41、

______________________________________________

Suppose you are in a room with someone you

don’t know and something within you says “I want

to talk with this person”-this is something that

mostly happens with all of us。 You wanted to say

something-the first word –but it just won’t come

out， it feels like it is stuck somewhere。 I know the

feeling and here is my advice： just get it out。

Just think： what is the worst that could happen？

They won’t talk with you？ Well， they are not

talking with you now！

I truly believe that once you get that first word out

everything else will just flow。 So keep it simple：

“Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to

gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can ，

put on a big smile and say “Hi”。

42、

______________________________________________

It is a problem all of us face； you have limited

time with the person that you want to talk with and

you want to make this talk memorable。

Honestly， if we got stuck in the result of “hi”，

“hello”， ”how are you？” and “what is going

on ？”，you will fail to give the initial jolt to the

conversation that can make it so memorable。

So don’t be afraid to ask more personal

questions。 Trust me， you’ll be surprised to see

how much people are willing to share if you just ask。

43、

______________________________________________

When you meet a person for the first time，

make an effort to find the things which you and

that person have in common so that you can build t

he conversation from that point。 When you

start conversation from there and then move

outwards， you‘ll find all of a sudden that the

conversation becomes a lot easier。

44、

______________________________________________

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone

and they are just busy on their phone， and if you a

sk for their attention you get the response “I can m

ultitask”。

So when someone tries to communicate with you， j

ust be in that communication wholeheartedly。 Mike

eye contact。 Trust me， eye contact is where all th

e magic happens。 When you make eye contact， yo

u can feel the conversation。

45、

______________________________________________

You all came into a conversation where you first met

the person， but after some time you may have met

again and have forgotten their name。 Isn’t that a

wkward！

So， remember the little details of the people you me

t or you talked with； perhaps the places

they have been to， the places they want to go， the

things they like， the things they hate - whatever yo

u talk about。

When you remember such things you can automatic

ally become investor in their wellbeing。

So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relati

onship going。

That’s it。 Five amazing ways that you can make c

onversation with almost anyone。 Every

person is a really good book to read， or to have a co

nversation with！

Section III Translation

ions：

Translate the following text into Chinese。 Write

your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET。 （15

points）

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to

select his future career path from a list of occupations。

He ticks “astronaut” ， but quickly adds “scientist”

to the list and selects it as well。 The boy is convinced

that if he reads enough， he can explore as many

career paths as he likes。 And so he reads everything

from encyclopedias to science fiction novels。 He

reads so passionately that his parents have to

institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table。

That boy was Bill Gates， and he hasn’t stopped

reading yet--not even after becoming one of the most

successful people on the planet。 Nowadays， his

reading material has changed from science fiction

and reference books recently， he revealed that he

reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year。 Gates

chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how

the world works。 “Each book opens up new avenues

of knowledge，” Gates says。

Section IV Writing

Part A

47、Directions：Suppose you have to cancel your

travel plan and will not be able to visit professor

Smith， write him an email to

1）apologize and explain the situation and

suggest a future meeting。

2）You should write about 100 words on the

ANSWER SHEET。

Do not use your own name； Use “Li Ming”

instead。

Do not write your address（10points）。

Part B

48、Directions：Write an essay based on the chart

below。 In your writing ， you should

1） interpret the chart， and

2） give your comments

You should write about 150 words on the

ANSWER SHEET。（15 points）

2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案

详解

注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对

Section I Use of English

1、[答案][B] resolve

•

•

[解析]此处考察词义辨析。首段首句以问句形式提出文章中

心：人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的

事情的原因。第二句给出原因：因为人们内心里有一种____

（生活中的）不确定因素或不安的需求，空格处所需的动词

需要和后面的宾语uncertainty构成语义搭配。B选项

resolve （解决、消除）符合语义要求；A选项protect（保

护），C选项discuss（讨论），D选项ignore（忽略）带

入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为B选项

resolve。

2、[答案][D] seek

•

•

[解析]此处考察词义辨析。空格所在句指出：这项新研究表

明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_____（答案）来

满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_____。空格处所填

入的词需要和后面隐含的宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配，

只有D选项seek（试图、设法、寻找）符合要求；A选项

refuse（拒绝），B选wait（等待），C选项regret（遗憾）

带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为[D]seek。

3、[答案][A] hurt

•

[解析]此处考察词义辨析。空格所在句指出：这项新研究表

明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案来满足他们

的好奇心即使答案明显 本句中的even when（即使）构成

了前后的对立关系，因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情

•

色彩词“strong”及语义构成对立，只有A选项hurt（令

人痛苦）符合要求；另外此处的it is clear that the answer

will hurt 也和第一句中的that will obviously be painful

构成了近义复现。故A选项为正确答案。

4、[答案][D] expose

[解析]此处考察固定短语。空格所在处，构成了

___oneself to sth结构，只有D选项expose符合要求（使

某人暴露在……中），故D选项expose为正确答案。

5、[答案][C] trail

•

•

[解析]此处考察词义辨析。本段段首提到“a series of four

experiments”，空格所在句给出其中一个实验的信息，只

有C选项trail与experiment语义相近，故正确答案为C

选项trail。

6、[答案][D]deliver

[解析]此处考察上下文信息对应以及动宾搭配问题。上

文指出：For one trial， each participant was shown a

pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a

previous experiment。 在一个试验中，研究人员给每位受

试者一堆笔并声称其源于先前的实验。这是实验的背景。下

文具体实验展开，Half of the pens would… an electric

shock when clicked。 有一半的比在按下的时候会使使人

触电。所以比对选项，要选择deliver ，发出，递送。因此

选择 D。 deliver

7、[答案][A]when

[解析]此处考察上下文句间的逻辑关系。空前空后是状

语的关系。上文讲的是Twenty-seven students were told

which pens were rigged； another 27 were told only…

研究人员告知了27名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外

27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下文就是具体的发生的

实验状态了。当他们独自在房里时， … 而不是条件if，

unless或者 转折关系。因此选择A。

8、[答案][B]happen

[解析]此处考察上下语境下的句内动词关系。根据上文

的实验背景，试验中27个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机，而另

外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下面的告知了实验的

结论 ：当他们独自在房里时，那些不知哪些笔带电的学生

按下了更多的笔头，比这些受试者多，后面是定语，显然这

些受试者是只上文被告知的人，所以这些人知道the

students who knew what would happen，强调结果性。

所以选择B。 happen

9、[答案][D]such as

[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系。上文在之后其他刺激

因素的实验中， 后文讲到具体的实验：指甲刮黑板的声音

和令人生厌的昆虫图片 显然这里需要例证关系，故选择

as

10、[答案][A]discover

[解析]此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。这

是个中心复现词，文章开篇提出：The human drive to

resolve uncertainty is so strong …人们对于寻找答案以

消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲。再根据上文的实验，都表示

这是一种discover的需求，越是不确定的，越好奇。故选

择A。 discover

11、[答案][D] food

[解析]此处考察同义复现。这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大

学（Carnegie Mellon University）的观点中，前后观点没

有任何转折连词，所以前后句应该一脉相承。前文中the

drive is deeply rooted in human，指的是人类根深蒂固

的本性，而且后文也说到curiosity is a good instinct（本

能），探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固，与食物或避难所的基

本动力相当。因此此处应该选food。A选项 pay 支付；B

选项 marriage 婚姻；C选项schooling 学习教育，皆不

符合文意。

12、[答案][A] lead to

[解析]此处考察成分搭配。原文表达：好奇心通常被认

为是一种很好的本能——它会________新的科学进步，此处

选择A选项lead to 符合文意。B选项 rest on 取决于；C

选项learn from向…学习；D选项 begin with 以…开始，

皆不符合文意。

13、[答案][C] inquiry

[解析]此处考察反义复现。原文表达：but sometimes

such _________can backfire。 but一词的出现就说明前

后两句话是转折句义，前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步；

后文的一个指示代词such一出现，就证明和前句的主语是

一致的，在此只能选择curiosity 的近义词，为C inquiry。

A 选项 withdrawal 撤回；B选项 persistence 坚持； D

选项 diligence 勤奋，皆不符合文意。

14、[答案][B] self-destructive

[解析]此处考察成分搭配。The insight that curiosity

can drive you to do______ things is a profound one。

因为前文有所提示，but sometimes such _________can

backfire，有时候好奇心会适得其反，这句话也是对于上文

的承接，因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达，

因此选[B] self-destructive 自我毁灭的。A 选项

self-reliant自力更生的；C选项 self-evident 显而易见的；

D选项self-deceptive自欺欺人的，皆不符合文意。

15、[答案][B] resist

[解析]此处考察同义复现。Unhealthy curiosity is

possible to __________， however。 这句话之后出现了

论据，用以支撑前文的论点：In a final experiment，

participants who were encouraged to predict how

they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture

were less likely to choose to see such an image，在最

后的实验中，那些积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受

试者，他们选择此类图片的可能性较小。此处picture were

less likely to choose to see such an image=resist，是

对于本段论点句的同义复现，因为选择B 选项resist。A 选

项define定义；C选项replace 替代；D选项trace追踪，

皆不符合文意。

16、[答案][B]predict

•

•

[解析]此处考察句间逻辑关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。

本段首句是本段的中心：然而，抵制病态的好奇心理是并非

不可能。所以可以预测出这一段会围绕抵制病态的好奇心会

有什么好的影响。In a final experiment， participants

who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after

viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to

see such an image.16题所在句子是participants的后置

定语，用来修饰受测者，他们积极地去如何，与后面定语从

句中目睹不太愉悦的照片后他们将（would）会有什么样的

感觉，可以得出是提前想象出来的，故选择B predict，预

测。

17、[答案][C]choose

•

•

[解析]此处考察句间逻辑关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。

此题所在句子结构化简后是participants were less likely

to 17 to see such an image。这里面的such image指的

是上面提到的an unpleasant picture，所以既然已经知道

图片会带来不愉悦的感觉，就不可能去选择了，故选择C ，

choose选择。

18、[答案][D] outcome

•

[解析] 此处考察句间逻辑关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。

These results suggest that imagining the 18 of

following through on one‘s curiosity ahead of time

can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。 18

题所在位置是the 18 of following through on one’s

curiosity ahead of time此短语是imagining同位语，用

•

来解释imagining：为利用好奇心可提前想象的结果。所以

此题选择是的imagining的同义词。

19、[答案][B] whether

[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系。imagining can help

determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。这种结果可以帮

助人们决定它们。。。值得一试。根据句间逻辑关系，这些

研究结果表明，利用好奇心可提前想象事件的结果，从而帮

助人们决定它们是否值得一试。故B whether为正确选项。

20、[答案][A] consequences

•

•

[解析]此处考察词义辨析。“Thinking about long-term 20

is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of

curiosity，” 思考长期。。。。才是减轻好奇心负面消极

影响的关键所在。负面消极影响是好奇心带来的，所以要考

虑这种长期的影响，B选项investment投资 C选项

strategies 策略D选项limitations限制，都不符合语境，

故A选项为正确选项。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、[答案][A] practical ability

[解析]根据题干可知这是一道典型的例证题。根据题干

关键词“a broken bike chain”定位到第二段第二句，向

前找其论点句 “He is a teacher at a New Hampshire

high school where learning is not something of books

and tests and mechanical memorization， but

practical。 由该句可知，在他（Mr。 Koziaek）任教的这

个学校里，学习不是书本、测试和机械记忆这些事情，而是

实践。所以举“a broken bike chain”的例子是说明学生

们缺乏实践能力，选A选项 practical ability。

22、[答案][C] are not academically successful

11. [解析]根据题干可以定位到第四段，相关语句为“that it’

s for kids who can’t make it academically，” he says。

其中，“can’t make it academically”就是对应答案C

中的“are not academically successful”， 因此，正确

答案为C 选项are not academically successful。

23、[答案][B] used to have more job opportunities

[解析]根据题干要求定位到第五段，解决本题的关键是

对第三句话“The job security that the US economy

once offered to high school graduates has largely

evaporated。”的理解，尤其需要注意本句的时态，定语从

句“that the US economy once offered to high school

graduates”是过去时态，表明“美国经济曾经为高中毕业

生提供了工作保障”，而主句“The job security has largely

evaporated”却是现在完成时，意为“这种工作保障在很大

程度上已经蒸发了”，说明曾经的工作机会现在已经不再拥

有了，故而[B]选项是正确选项。

24、[答案][D] indicates the overvaluing of higher

education

[解析]根据题干关键词“headlong push”以及

“bachelor’s degree”直接定位到文章第六段第一句话。

根据第一句话“But the headlong push into bachelor’

s degree for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything

less—misses an important point： That’s not the only

thing the American economy needs”（大力推动学士学

位—以及低估其他任何方面—使得人们忽略了非常重要的

一点：这并不是美国经济所唯一需要的），可初步确定正确

选项为D“indicates the overvaluing of higher

education”（高估了高等教育）。另外，第二句先是认可

了这种做法的好处：“Yes， a bachelor degree opens

more doors”（学士学位为本科生打开了更多扇门）。但

是，第三行最后出现转折词But，说明后面内容一定是负面

情感取向，是“bachelor degree”没能解决的问题，因此，

D选项为正确答案。

25、[答案][A] supportive

[解析]本题考查作者的态度。一般最后一段凸显作者的

态度， 第一句话“Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call。”

说明“Koziatek学校为我们敲响了警钟”。第二句话

“When education becomes one-size-fits-all， it risks

overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts”表明“当教

育适合所有人的时候，它同样也造成一种危险，即容易忽视

国家的人才多元化。”同时我们也注意到第七段最后一句话

说“… is to fill the gap。”（Koziatek学校正试图填补这

一空白）， 说明作者的态度是支持性的，即supportive。

因此，A选项是正确答案。

Text 2

26、[答案][C] failing

[解析]词汇释义题。根据论点论据关系，二段最后一句话证

明but之后的论点句。由第二段最后一句得知在过去8年中，

solar panels （太阳电池板）和wind turbines （风轮机）

成本分别下降了80%和约1/3，故可推知可再生能源的价

格会下降，故C项failing正确。

27、[答案][A] is progressing notably

[解析]逻辑推理题。根据题干应该定位到三段第三句话。本

段第三句说“其他国家在清洁能源发展方面保持领先

（takes the lead），美国也看到了显著的变化”，also提

示我们美国和其他国家的情况应该有相似之处。再结合后一

句中的数据，可确定美国可再生能源的使用正稳步发展，A

项正确。

28、[答案][A] wind is a widely used energy source

[解析]逻辑推理题。由Iowa我们可快速定位至第四段。一般

来讲，推理题优先考虑段落主旨，But转折之后应该为本段

中心。尽管前两句提到Trump不看好风能，但but后面话

锋一转，说到Iowa的很多人不赞成这种看法，并列举数据

说明风能在Iowa的发展势头良好，故本题选A。

29、[答案][C] Its continuous supply is becoming a

reality

[解析]双段推理题。根据提干关键词Paragraph 5&6定位

到5、6段，双段推理题应该优先考虑双段主旨。第5段中

心为关键信息词but之后的内容。文中a boost in the

storage capacity of batteries keeps power flowing

around the clock对应选项中的its continuous supply；

is becoming a reality对应文中is making their ability

to。。。。同样，第6段可以验证。6段中心为最后一句话

Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now，

this massive investment could change the picture

rapidly in coming years， 也说明这件事在未来可能成为

现实。

30、[答案][C] is not really encouraged by the US

government

[解析]推理判断题。根据提干关键词the last paragraph定

位到文中最后一段，最后一段关键信息词while（尽管）引

导的内容为重点信息：“尽管还有很长的路要走，这种趋势

势不可挡”，故可以排除D： is not competitive enough

with regard to its cost。而根据第二句“have a

meaningful effect in slowing climate change” 故排除

B： will accelerate global environmental change。文

章最后一句“what Washington does—or doesn’t

do—to promote alternative energy may mean less at a

time of a global shift in thought。” “无论华盛顿行动

还是不行动越来越不重要了”，可以推测出美国政府的态度，

因此选C。

Text 3

31、[答案][B] user information

[解析]细节题。题干问：根据第一段，脸谱收购WhatsApp 应

用的目的是为了什么，由此定位于文章第一段，本段第一句

末说脸谱出巨资购买的应用是一种messaging service，就

是信息服务，而紧接着本段最后一句话说明WhatsApp 应

用提供的这种信息服务实际上是一种intricate and finely

detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives，

复杂的和极其详细的用户朋友圈和社交生活的方面的信息。

答案B正是这句话的同义改写。

32、[答案][C] pose a risk to Facebook users

[解析]细节题。根据题干中的关键词Linking phone

numbers to Facebook identities定位于文章第二段。本

段中的第二句话指出“即使不知道具体的信息内容是什么，

知道了信息是谁发的和信息发给谁也有可能透露客户隐

私”。也就是说，绑定电话号码和脸谱身份的做法极有可能

泄露客户隐私，增加客户的个人信息风险。答案C正是这句

话的概括。

33、[答案][D] cannot keep pace with the changing

market

[解析]细节题。根据题干回文定位到文章第三段，第三句话

“it is very slow compared to the pace of change

within the digital economy。”意为：对比数码经济中变

化的速度，它是很缓慢的，cannot keep pace with 是选

项中slow的同义替换，因此正确答案为选项D。

34、[答案][D]the services are paid for by

advertisers

[解析]因果细节题。根据题干回文定位到第三段第六句话，

其中it is not obvious是题干can hardly protect的同义

替换。后文中指出when the users of these services

don’t pay for it， 表明这种情况发生的原因是这些服务的

用户没有付款，而真正付款的是advertisers，因此正确答

案为D。

35、[答案][D] the relationship between digital

giants and their users

[解析]观点例证题。根据题干中的关键词ants analogy

回文定位到最后一段第二句话。而该例子论证的观点是上一

句话，即最后一段的首句，该句指出“他们（Google和

Facebook）所销售的商品是数据，而为了这些数据巨头（像

Google和Facebook这样的数据信息企业）的利益，作为

用户的我们将生活转向数据”，这句话揭示了用户和数据巨

头之间的关系，通过数据联系在一起。数据巨头销售数据，

用户生活中使用数据。因此正确答案为[D]选项，该例子论证

了数据巨头和用户之间的关系。

Text 4

36、[答案][A] keep to your focus time

[解析]这是一道细节题。注意题干的一一对应，选项进行等

价替换。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句。The key is to（题

干对应） determine your length of focus time and stick

to it（剩余信息为答案）。 对应选项 keep to（stick to）

your focus time（your length of focus time）

37、[答案][D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful

as expected [解析]根据题干为细节题，考察的是实验结

论。The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford

shows that， 根据1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四

段第二句，那么结论应该在后面，也就是第五段。第五段开

头第一句while为让步，看主句部分they were wrong，冒

号后面解释说，the detailed daily plans demotivated

students。对应D选项，其中的may not be as fruitful

对应demotivated。

38、[答案][D] an essential factor in accomplishing

any work

[解析]这是一道细节题。根据提干中的关键词，Newport和

idleness，回文定位到第6段的Newport和第7段idleness，

再结合第7段段末代词he， 考查到代词的指代问题，根据

上下文确定此处的he指代Newport，确定第7段引号之内

即为作者对于“idleness”的观点，由第7段后半句

idleness is ，paradoxically， necessary to getting any

work done得出正确答案为 an essential factor in

accomplishing any work，其中essential 是对原文

necessary的同义替换，accomplishing any work是

getting any work done的同义替换。

39、[答案][B] can bring about greater efficiency

[解析]这是一道人物观点题，根据提干中的关键词，Pillay 回

文定位到第8段，再进一步匹配题干中的剩余信息，our

brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused

定位至第8段段末处，our brains switch between being

focused and unfocused，其中shift是switch的同义替

换，由后半句 they tend to be more efficient得出正确答

案为 can bring about greater effcieny， 是对原文tend

to be more efficient的同义替换。

40、[答案][B] approaches to getting more done in

less time

[解析]根据题干的特征，这是一道主旨题。文章开篇提

出主题，关于“the ability to focus without distraction”，

第二段开头说“a number of approaches”， 提出方法，

第四段开头another approach，所以这篇文章重点还是在

说方法，所以B选项approaches to getting more done in

less time为正确答案。more done in less time对应focus

without distraction。

Part B

Part B

41、[答案][A] （Just say it）

[解析]从下方段落中看到I truly believe that once you get

that first word out everything else will just flow。 So

keep it simple： “Hi”， “Hey” or “Hello”——do

the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and

energy you can， put on a big smile and say “Hi”。

中我们不难发现重复的内容say “Hi”， 也相当于get that

first word out， 共同表达的内容就是开口说，故A （Just

say it开口说） 与之完美对应。

42、[答案][G] （Ask for an opinion）

[解析]从下方段落中出现So don’t be afraid to ask more

personal questions。 Trust me， you’ll be surprised

to see how much people are willing to share if you just

ask。 中我们不难发现重复的内容ask， 根据复现词我们

不难找到G （Ask for an opinion询问看法），与其后的

“how much people are willing to share”（人们非常愿

意分享）完美对应。

43、[答案][E] （Find the “me too”s）

[解析]从下方对应段落When you meet a person for the

first time， make an effort to find the things which you

and that person have in common so that you can

build the conversation from that point…中我们找到关

键词have … in common有共同点。这与E （Find the

“me too”s 寻找共同点）完美对应。

44、[答案][B] （Be present）

[解析]从下方对应段落So when someone tries to

communicate with you， just be in that

communication wholeheartedly。 因此当有人跟你跟你

聊天时，要全身心的投入到谈话中，以及后面复现词eye

contact进行眼神交流，我们找到B （Be present，在现

场，投入当前事件中）能够与之对应。

45、[答案][D] （Name， places， things）

[解析]从下方对应段落…but after some time you

may have met again and have forgotten their name。

Isn’t that awkward！ …但是之后你可能再次见到时忘记

了他们的名字。这不是很尴尬吗？通过反义疑问我们得知：

应该要记得名字！而且随后So， remember the little

details of the people you met or you talked with；

perhaps the places they have been to， the places they

want to go， the things they like， the things they hate。

因此，请记得你遇到且与之聊过天的这些人的一些小细节，

比如他们去过的地方，他们想要去的地方，他们喜欢的以及

讨厌的事物等等。从这些内容中我们不难找到与之对应的小

标题D （Name， places， things）

Section III Translation

[全文翻译]

一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系列的职业

中选出他未来的职业道路。他选择了“宇航员”，但很快又

将“科学家”加入名单，也选了这一职业。这个男孩确信如

果他读的书足够多，他就能想探索多少条职业道路，就探索

多少条。因此他读书——从百科全书读到科幻小说。他如此

狂热地阅读以致于他的父母不得不制定一条吃饭时“不能

读书”的规矩。这个男孩就是比尔·盖茨，他从未停止过阅

读 – 即便在他成为全球最成功人士之后也如此。今天，比

尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说和参考书目：最近，他表

示自己每年至少阅读50本非虚构读物。盖茨选择读非虚构

类图书，因为这些书解释了世界是如何运作的。“每本书都

开辟了探索新知识的道路。” 比尔盖茨说。

[主句解析]

句①：A fifth grader gets a homework assignment

to select his future career path from a list of

occupations。

[题目考点]不定式作后置定语

[参考译文]一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系

列的职业中选出他未来的职业道路。

句②：He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds

“scientist” to the list and selects it as well。

[题目考点]并列句

[参考译文]他选择了“宇航员”，但很快又将“科学家”

加入名单。

句③：The boy is convinced that if he reads enough，

he can explore as many career paths as he likes。[题

目考点]宾语从句；条件状语从句；比较结构

[参考译文]这个男孩确信如果他读的书足够多，他就能

想探索多少条职业道路，就探索多少条。

句④：And so he reads—everything from

encyclopedias to science fiction novels。

[题目考点]介宾短语作后置定语

[参考译文]因此他读书——从百科全书读到科幻小说。

句⑤：He reads so fervently that his parents have

to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table。

[题目考点]结果状语从句

[参考译文]他如此狂热地阅读以至于他的父母不得不制

定一条吃饭时“不能读书”的规矩。

句⑥：That boy was Bill Gates， and he hasn’t

stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of

the most successful people on the planet。

[题目考点]并列句

[句子结构]并列句主干分别为：that boy was Bill

Gates， and he hasn’t stopped reading …

[重点词汇]planet 星球

[参考译文]这个男孩就是比尔·盖茨，他从未停止过阅

读 – 即便在他成为全球最成功人士之后也如此。

句⑦：Nowadays， his reading material has

changed from sci-fi and reference books： recently，

he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books

a year。

[题目考点]并列结构；宾语从句

[句子结构]主干分别为：… material has changed

from…。； he revealed …； he reads …50 …books…

[重点词汇]sci-fi 科幻小说 reveal 揭露 nonfiction

非虚构

[参考译文]今天，比尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说

和参考书目：最近，他表示自己每年至少阅读50本非小说

读物。

句⑧：Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they

explain how the world works。

[题目考点]原因状语从句；宾语从句

[参考译文]盖茨选择读非虚构类图书，因为这些书解释

了世界是如何运作的。

句⑨：“Each book opens up new avenues of

knowledge to explore，” Gates says。

[题目考点]宾语从句

[参考译文]“每本书都开辟了探索新知识的道路。” 比

尔盖茨说。

Section IV Writing

51。[参考范文]

Dear Professor Smith，

How have you been recently？ I am exceedingly

sorry to tell you that although I have promised to visit

you this Friday， I have to cancel my travel plan

because of the following reason。

Two days ago， I suddenly accepted the notice

that there would be an academic meeting this Friday

night in our department and everyone was asked to

attend。 I know that my changing plan has definitely

caused some inconvenience to you。 I am so sorry for

my failing to keep the promise of visiting you。

Therefore， in order to make up this situation， I

wonder if you could give me another chance and

spare some time to meet me next Monday。

I am so sorry for any inconvenience caused by me。

Hope you can accept my apology and arrange a new

time for me to visit you。 I am looking forward to your

reply。

Yours sincerely，

Li Ming

52。[参考范文]

英语二大作文

Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is

the distribution of focusing factors of citizens in a city

when choosing a restaurant in 2017， consisting of 4

parts， which are features， service， environment，

price and other factors。 Among them， the

proportion of service， environment， price and other

factors is 26.8%， 23.8%， 8.4% and 4.7%

respectively。 By contrast， the factor of focusing on

features of the restaurant is in the lead， accounting

for 36.3%。

What has triggered this phenomenon？ To begin

with， with the fast development of national economy

and personal wealth， people in China have stepped

into an era of enjoying life， transforming traditional

pattern of living。 Therefore， such a great proportion

of citizens are more likely to focus on the features of a

restaurant， instead of only concentrating on the

price。 Moreover， in a society where living standard

is highly advocated， citizens in mounting numbers in

China， shrugging off their former habit of focusing

on lower price， gradually find the service and

environment of a restaurant is an essential factor。

According to a survey conducted by China Research

Center， up to 87% Chinese people prefer to choose a

comfortable and fashionable restaurant when they go

out for eating。

Taking into account what has been argued so far，

I am inclined to think about the current situation is

normal。 In view of the analysis above， it can be

predicted that the trend will continue in the future。

Accordingly， it is of no necessity for the public to

regard it with too much consideration。