2024年5月16日发(作者：三星g850)

2018年考研英语二真题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Because

humanshaveaninherentneedto_1_uncertainty,

researchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill_2_tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitisclearthe

answerwill_3_.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolof

BusinesstestedStudent’swillingnessto_4_

_5_,eachparticipantwasshowst?

Halfofthepenswould_6_anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrified,anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewere

electrified._7_dentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepens

andincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould_8_subsequentexperimentsreproduced,thiseffect

withotherstimuli_9_thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

Thedriveto_10_esameasthebasicdrivesfor_11_orshelter,says

ChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoCuriosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan_12_New

Scientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch_13_canbackfire,theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo

_14_thingsisaprofoundone.

Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto_15_,alexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto_16_

howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto_17_esults

suggestthatimaginingthe_18_offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworth

ngaboutlong-term_20_ys.

“inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments”.

1.[A]protect

2.[A]refuse

3.[A]hurt

4.[A]alert

5.[A]message

6.[A]remove

7.[A]When

8.[A]continue

9.[A]ratherthan

10.[A]discover

11.[A]pay

12.[A]leadto

13.[A]withdrawal

14.[A]self-reliant

15.[A]define

16.[A]overlook

17.[A]remember

18.[A]relief

19.[A]why

20.[A]consequences

[B]resolve

[B]wait

[B]last

[B]tie

[B]review

[B]weaken

[B]If

[B]happen

[B]regardlessof

[B]forgive

[B]marriage

[B]reston

[B]persistence

[B]self-deceptive

[B]resist

[B]predict

[B]promise

[B]plan

[B]whether

[B]investments

[C]discuss

[C]regret

[C]mislead

[C]treat

[C]trial

[C]interrupt

[C]Though

[C]disappear

[C]suchas

[C]forget

[C]schooling

[C]learnfrom

[C]inquiry

[C]self-evident

[C]replace

[C]design

[C]choose

[C]duty

[C]where

[C]strategies

[D]ignore

[D]seek

[D]rise

[D]expose

[D]concept

[D]deliver

[D]Unless

[D]change

[D]owingto

[D]disagree

[D]food

[D]beginwith

[D]diligence

[D]self-destructive

[D]trace

[D]conceal

[D]pretend

[D]outcome

[D]how

[D]limitations

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetter

future.

eacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningis

notsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,ditbecomeacceptedwisdom

thatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabroken

bikechain?

AsKoziatekknow,gisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentsto

learngeonalsolearngeometryby

assemblingabicycle.

Buthe’gwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.

Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“hatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”

hesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’cturingisnottheeconomic

securitythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargely

moreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesan

importantpoint:That’,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.

Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skill

y44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthatthe

opportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,sagapin

working-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’ek’sManchester

SchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek’ucationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’s

diversityofgifts.

nbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.

[A]practicalability[B]academictraining

[C]pioneeringspirit[D]mechanicalmemorization

xiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

[A]haveastereotypedmind[B]havenocareermotivation

[C]arenotacademicallysuccessful[D]arefinanciallydisadvantaged

nferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

[A]usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns[B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities

[C]arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing[D]areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

dlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.

[A]helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

[B]maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

[C]isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

[D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

hor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.

[A]supportive[B]tolerant

[C]disappointed[D]cautious

Text2

Whilefossilfuels—coal，oil，gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it'sclearerthan

etorenewablesispickingup

momentumaroundtheworld：Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.

Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables，tofsolar

panelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.

Inmaland，forexample，wind

herestoftheworldtakesthelead，notably

ChinaandEurope，h，forthefirsttime，windandsolarpower

accountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformation

Administration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—entspeech

inIowa，tmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyin

Iowa，wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretech

giantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?”hasprovidedaquick

ostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowing

aroundtheclockmorelikely.

Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectric

ghelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidly

incomingyears.

Whilethere’salongwaytogo，eofchangeinenergysources

appearstobespeedingup—

Washingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftin

thought.

d“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]stabilizing[B]changing

[C]falling[D]rising

ingtoParagraph3，theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.

[A]isprogressingnotably[B]isasextensiveasinEurope

[C]facesmanychallenges[D]hasprovedtobeimpractical

elearnedthatinIowa,.

[A]windisawidelyusedenergysource

[B]windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

[D]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

fthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?

[A]Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.

[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.

[C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.

[D]Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.

einferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.

[A]willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

[B]willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

[C]isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

[D]isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

Text3

Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—Amazonhasjustannouncedthe

purchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn，buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthat

toacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice，whichdoesn’atsAppoffered

Facebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsociallives.

FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities，

thoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages，the

knowlliticaljournalist，what

partywhip，wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay’senemiesare

currentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,butthe

recordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

Comthing,

imeaproblemhasbeenaddressed

andremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,reisadeeper

conceptualproblem,itionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersand

thisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon’rsoftheirservicesarenottheir

uldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle，thetwovirtual

giants，dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.

Theproductthey’resellingisdata，andwe，theusers，convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.

Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusfor

eppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthe

n’tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship，evenifbothsidesbenefit.

ingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits.

[A]digitalproducts[B]userinformation

[C]physicalassets[D]qualityservice

gphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay.

[A]worsenpoliticaldisputes[B]messupcustomerrecords

[C]posearisktoFacebookusers[D]misleadtheEuropeancommission

ingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.

[A]shouldservethenewmarketpowers

[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance

[C]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

itionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.

[A]theyarenotdefinedascustomers[B]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

sanalogyisusedtoillustrate.

[A]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

[B]atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customers

[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

Text4

Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepwork:RulesforFocused

SuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecific

task;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucan

verapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.