2024年5月13日发(作者：一加7tpro迈凯伦)

英语阅读黑洞

美联英语提供：英语阅读：黑洞

两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平

黑洞

What is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms

we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.

Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)

into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light. So

we can't see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it

has no matter. It is only space - or so we think. How can this happen?

什么是黑洞呢？这个问题很难回答，因为我们通常用来描述一种科学现象的术语用在这

里来解释是不够的。天文学家和科学家们认为黑洞是个空间区域，物体会掉进去，而没有物

体能从中逃逸出来――即使是光也不能，所以我们看不到黑洞。黑洞产生很强的引力，而它却

没有物质。它只是空间――或者我们认为是空间。这是怎样发生的呢？

The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a

particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. From earth, a

supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime.

Supernovae were reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth

centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a

supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or neutron star - a

star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own

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gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of

shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to

the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull,

and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole

is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have

called the boundary area around the hole the "event horizon." We know nothing

about events which happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter

must behave very differently inside the hole.

理论是一些星球的密度增长到特定的时刻就会爆炸。它们崩溃时会产生超新星。在地球

上看去，超新星就像天空中非常耀眼的灯，即使在白天也能看到其闪光。在17、18世纪，

天文学家就有关于超新星的记录，一些人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。一颗星崩溃可能产

生吸引力，你就了解黑洞的力量。黑洞附近任何物质都会被吸进去，根本不可能说出黑洞里

面发生了什么。科学家们把这个洞的边缘区域称为"事界"。一旦物体经过这个边界，我们对

所发生的事一无所知。但是在理论上，在黑洞里的物质的运动肯定与洞外有很大区别。

For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the

center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that

the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws don't seem to

apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only

one which can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy

are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no

constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of

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英语阅读黑洞

the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of

the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for

the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their

existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into

black hole. In august 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10

million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are

planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be

black holes.

例如：如果一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为自己很快就达到了其核心，但在"事界"的观察者

则认为这个人根本不会到达黑洞的核心。我们的时空规律看起来不适于黑洞里的物体。爱因

斯坦的相对论是唯一可以解释这种现象的理论。爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以互相转化

的，因此就没有绝对的时间和空间，根本不存在永恒，时间和空间的衡量取决于观测者所在

的位置，它们是相对的。我们还没有完全理解相对论的含义，但有意思的是，在天文学家的

着手发现黑洞的存在证据之前，爱因斯坦就提供了黑洞这种想法的基础。只是近来科学家才

开始对黑洞的具体研究。1977年8月，发射了一颗卫星去收集关于被认为是在银河系的一

千万个黑洞的数据。天文学家正在计划一个新的天文台以研究个别的正在爆炸的被相信要变

为黑洞的星球。

The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary

star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in

space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that

there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the

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sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion

star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole?

Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes

as companions.

黑洞最有说服力的证据来自对双星系的研究。双星，正如它们的名字所表明的，是两颗

在空间位置上互相影响的星球。在一些双星系里，天文学家已经表示这里有一颗看不到的伴

星，即我们可以在天空中看到的一颗星球的伙伴。来自我们的看到的星球的物质正被吸引到

伴星去。这颗产生如此巨大力量的看不见的星球会是黑洞吗？天文学家还有其它一些星球的

证据，这些星球可能与黑洞相伴。

The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless.

There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars

at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand,

scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use

of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science

fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists

and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way

from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.

对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种推测会层出不穷。在我们银河系的中心很可能存在着一个

巨大的黑洞正以极快的速度吞食着星球。人类有一天也会面临被吞食的命运。而科学家提出，

有一天高科技利用黑洞的能量为人类服务。这些设想听起来像科幻小说，但空间中黑洞的理

论被许多严谨的科学家和天文学家接受。他们向我们展示了一个以完全不同于我们理解的方

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式运行的世界，并对我们最基本的时空经验提出了疑问。

两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平

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