2024年5月12日发(作者：东芝电脑官网)

数学名词词汇表

一般词汇

数学 mathematics

[

mRPi'mRtiks

]

,

maths

[

mRP

]

(BrE), math

[

mRP

]

(AmE)

公理 axiom

[

'RksiKm

]

定理 theorem

[

'Pi:KrKm

]

计算 calculation

[

kRlkju'leiFKn

]

运算 operation

[

'UpKr'eiFKn

]

证明 prove

[

pru:v

]

假设 hypothesis

[

hai'pUPKsis

]

,

hypotheses

[

hai'pUPisi:z

]

(pl.)

命题 proposition

[

prUpK'ziFKn

]

算术 arithmetic

[

K'riPmKtik

]

加 plus

[

plZs

]

(prep

[

prep

]

.),

add

[

Rd

]

(v.), addition

[

K'diFKn

]

(n.)

被加数 augend, summand

[

'sZmKnd

]

加数 addend

和 sum

[

sZm

]

减 minus

[

'mainKs

]

(prep

[

prep

]

.),

subtract

[

sKb'trRkt

]

(v.),

subtraction

[

sKb'trRkFKn

]

(n.)

被减数 minuend

[

'minjuend

]

减数 subtrahend

[

'sZbtrKhend

]

差 remainder

[

ri'meindK

]

乘 times

[

taim

]

(prep

[

prep

]

.),

multiply

[

'mZltiplai

]

(v.),

multiplication

[

mZltipli'keiFKn

]

(n.)

被乘数 multiplicand

[

mZltipli'kRnd

]

,

faciend

[

'feiFiend

]

乘数 multiplicator

[

'mZltiplikeitK

]

积 product

[

'prUdKkt

]

除 divided

[

dK'vaidid

]

by

[

bTi

]

(prep

[

prep

]

.),

divide

[

di'vaid

]

(v.),

division

[

di'viJKn

]

(n.)

被除数 dividend

[

'dividend

]

除数 divisor

[

di'vaizK

]

商 quotient

[

'kwKuFKnt

]

等于 equals

[

'i:kwKl

]

, is

[

iz

]

equal

[

'i:kwKl

]

to

[

tu:; tK

]

, is

[

iz

]

equivalent

[

i'kwivKlKnt

]

to

[

tu:; tK

]

大于 is

[

iz

]

greater

[

'greitK

]

than

[

QRn

]

小于 is

[

iz

]

lesser

[

'lesK

]

than

[

QRn

]

大于等于 is

[

iz

]

equal

[

'i:kwKl

]

or

[

U:,K

]

greater

[

'greitK

]

than

[

QRn

]

小于等于 is

[

iz

]

equal

[

'i:kwKl

]

or

[

U:,K

]

lesser

[

'lesK

]

than

[

QRn

]

运算符 operator

[

'UpKreitK

]

数字 digit

[

'didJit

]

数 number

[

'nZmbK

]

自然数 natural

[

'nRtFKrKl

]

number

[

'nZmbK

]

整数 integer

[

'intidJK

]

小数 decimal

[

'desiml

]

小数点 decimal

[

'desiml

]

point

[

pUint

]

分数 fraction

[

'frRkFKn

]

分子 numerator

[

'nju:mKreitK

]

分母 denominator

[

di'nUmineitK

]

比 ratio

[

'reiFiKu

]

正 positive

[

'pUzKtiv

]

负 negative

[

'negKtiv

]

零 null

[

nZl

]

, zero

[

'ziKrou

]

, nought

[

nU:t

]

,

nil

[

nil

]

十进制 decimal

[

'desiml

]

system

[

'sistim,'sistKm

]

二进制 binary

[

'bainKri

]

system

[

'sistim,'sistKm

]

十六进制 hexadecimal

system

[

'sistim,'sistKm

]

权 weight

[

weit

]

,

significance

[

sig'nifikKns

]

进位 carry

[

kRri

]

截尾 truncation

[

trZN'keiFKn

]

四舍五入 round

[

raund

]

下舍入 round

[

raund

]

down

[

daun

]

上舍入 round

[

raund

]

up

[

Zp

]

有效数字 significant

[

sig'nifikKnt

]

digit

[

'didJit

]

无效数字 insignificant

[

insig'nifikKnt

]

digit

[

'didJit

]

代数 algebra

[

'RldJibrK

]

公式 formula

[

'fU:mjulK

]

,

formulae

[

'fU:mjuli:

]

(pl.)

单项式 monomial

[

mK'noumiKl

]

多项式 polynomial

[

pUli'noumiKl

]

,

multinomial

[

mZlti'noumiKl

]

系数 coefficient

[

koui'fiFKnt

]

未知数 unknown

[

Zn'noun

]

, x-factor,

y-factor, z-factor

等式，方程式 equation

[

i'kweiFKn

]

一次方程 simple

[

'simpl

]

equation

[

i'kweiFKn

]

二次方程 quadratic

[

kwK'drRtik

]

equation

[

i'kweiFKn

]

三次方程 cubic

[

'kju:bik

]

equation

[

i'kweiFKn

]

四次方程 quartic

[

'kwU:tik

]

equation

[

i'kweiFKn

]

不等式 inequation

阶乘 factorial

[

fRk'tU:riKl

]

对数 logarithm

[

'lU:gKriQKm

]

指数，幂 exponent

[

iks'pounKnt

]

乘方 power

[

'pauK

]

二次方，平方 square

[

skwEK

]

三次方，立方 cube

[

kju:b

]

四次方 the

[

QK,Qi:

]

power

[

'pauK

]

of

[

Uv;Kv,v,f

]

four

[

fU:

]

, the

[

QK,Qi:

]

fourth

[

fU:P

]

power

[

'pauK

]

n次方 the

[

QK,Qi:

]

power

[

'pauK

]

of

[

Uv;Kv,v,f

]

n, the

[

QK,Qi:

]

nth power

[

'pauK

]

开方 evolution

[

i:vK'l(j)u:FKn

]

,

extraction

[

iks'trRkFKn

]

二次方根，平方根 square

[

skwEK

]

root

[

ru:t

]

三次方根，立方根 cube

[

kju:b

]

root

[

ru:t

]

四次方根 the

[

QK,Qi:

]

root

[

ru:t

]

of

[

Uv;Kv,v,f

]

four

[

fU:

]

, the

[

QK,Qi:

]

fourth

[

fU:P

]

root

[

ru:t

]

n次方根 the

[

QK,Qi:

]

root

[

ru:t

]

of

[

Uv;Kv,v,f

]

n, the

[

QK,Qi:

]

nth root

[

ru:t

]

集合 aggregate

[

'Rgigit

]

元素 element

[

'elimKnt

]

空集 void

[

vUid

]

子集 subset

[

'sZbset

]

交集 intersection

[

intK'sekFKn

]

并集 union

[

'ju:njKn

]

补集 complement

[

'kUmplimKnt

]

映射 mapping

[

'mRpiN

]

函数 function

[

'fZNkFKn

]

定义域 domain

[

dKu'mein

]

, field

[

fi:ld

]

of

[

Uv;Kv,v,f

]

definition

[

defi'niFKn

]

值域 range

[

'reindJ

]

常量 constant

[

'kUnstKnt

]

变量 variable

[

'vEKriKbl

]

单调性 monotonicity

奇偶性 parity

[

'pRriti

]

周期性 periodicity

[

piriK'disiti

]

图象 image

[

'imidJ

]

数列，级数 series

[

'siKri:z

]

微积分 calculus

[

'kRlkjulKs

]

微分 differential

[

difK'renFKl

]

导数 derivative

[

di'rivKtiv

]

极限 limit

[

'limit

]

无穷大 infinite

[

'infinit

]

(a

[

ei,K

]

.)

infinity

[

in'finiti

]

(n.)

无穷小 infinitesimal

[

infini'tesiml

]

积分 integral

[

'intigrKl

]

定积分 definite

[

'definit

]

integral

[

'intigrKl

]

不定积分 indefinite

[

in'definit

]

integral

[

'intigrKl

]

有理数 rational

[

'rRFKnl

]

number

[

'nZmbK

]

无理数 irrational

[

i'rRFKnl

]

number

[

'nZmbK

]

实数 real

[

'riKl

]

number

[

'nZmbK

]

虚数 imaginary

[

i'mRdJinKri

]

number

[

'nZmbK

]

复数 complex

[

kKm'pleks

]

number

[

'nZmbK

]

矩阵 matrix

[

'meitriks

]

行列式 determinant

[

di'tK:minKnt

]

几何 geometry

[

dJi'Umitri

]

点 point

[

pUint

]

线 line

[

lain

]

面 plane

[

plein

]

体 solid

[

'sUlid

]

线段 segment

[

'segmKnt

]

射线 radial

[

'reidiKl

]

平行 parallel

[

pRrKlel

]

相交 intersect

[

intK'sekt

]

角 angle

[

'RNgl

]

角度 degree

[

di'gri:

]

弧度 radian

[

'reidiKn

]

锐角 acute

[

K'kju:t

]

angle

[

'RNgl

]

直角 right

[

rait

]

angle

[

'RNgl

]

钝角 obtuse

[

Kb'tju:s

]

angle

[

'RNgl

]

平角 straight

[

streit

]

angle

[

'RNgl

]

周角 perigon

底 base

[

beis

]

边 side

[

said

]

高 height

[

hait

]

三角形 triangle

[

'traiRNgl

]

锐角三角形 acute

[

K'kju:t

]

triangle

[

'traiRNgl

]

直角三角形 right

[

rait

]

triangle

[

'traiRNgl

]

直角边 leg

[

leg

]

斜边 hypotenuse

[

hai'pUtnju:s

]

勾股定理 Pythagorean

[

piPRgK'ri:Kn

]

theorem

[

'Pi:KrKm

]

钝角三角形 obtuse

[

Kb'tju:s

]

triangle

[

'traiRNgl

]

不等边三角形 scalene

[

'skeili:n

]

triangle

[

'traiRNgl

]

等腰三角形 isosceles

[

ai'sUsili:z

]

triangle

[

'traiRNgl

]

等边三角形 equilateral

[

'i:kwi'lRtKrKl

]

triangle

[

'traiRNgl

]

四边形 quadrilateral

[

kwUdri'lRtKrKl

]

平行四边形

parallelogram

[

pRrK'lelKgrRm

]

矩形 rectangle

[

'rektRNgl

]

长 length

[

leNP

]

宽 width

[

widP,witP

]

菱形 rhomb

[

rUm

]

, rhombus

[

'rUmbKs

]

,

rhombi

[

'rUmbai

]

(pl.), diamond

[

'daiKmKnd

]

正方形 square

[

skwEK

]

梯形 trapezoid

[

'trRpKzUid

]

直角梯形 right

[

rait

]

trapezoid

[

'trRpKzUid

]

等腰梯形 isosceles

[

ai'sUsili:z

]

trapezoid

[

'trRpKzUid

]

五边形 pentagon

[

'pentKgKn

]

六边形 hexagon

[

'heksKgUn

]

七边形 heptagon

[

'heptKgUn

]

八边形 octagon

[

'UktKgUn

]

九边形 enneagon

[

'eniKgKn

]

十边形 decagon

[

'dekKgUn

]

十一边形 hendecagon

[

hen'dekKgUn

]

十二边形 dodecagon

[

dou'dekKgKn

]

多边形 polygon

[

'pUligKn

]

正多边形 equilateral

[

'i:kwi'lRtKrKl

]

polygon

[

'pUligKn

]

圆 circle

[

'sK:kl

]

圆心 centre

[

'sentK

]

(BrE),

center

[

'sentK

]

(AmE)

半径 radius

[

'reidjKs

]

直径 diameter

[

dai'RmitK

]

圆周率 pi

弧 arc

[

T:k

]

半圆 semicircle

[

semisK:kl

]

扇形 sector

[

'sektK

]

环 ring

[

riN

]

椭圆 ellipse

[

i'lips

]

圆周 circumference

[

sK'kZmfKrKns

]

周长 perimeter

[

pK'rimitK

]

面积 area

[

'EKriK

]

轨迹 locus

[

'loukKs

]

, loca(pl.)

相似 similar

[

'similK

]

全等 congruent

[

'kUNgruKnt

]

四面体 tetrahedron

[

tetrK'hi:drKn

]

五面体 pentahedron

[

pentK'hi:drKn

]

六面体 hexahedron

[

heksK'hi:drKn

]

平行六面体

parallelepiped

[

pRrKle'lepiped

]

立方体 cube

[

kju:b

]

七面体 heptahedron

[

'heptK'hi:drKn

]

八面体 octahedron

[

UktK'hi:drKn

]

九面体 enneahedron

十面体 decahedron

[

dekK'hi:drKn

]

十一面体 hendecahedron

十二面体 dodecahedron

[

doudekK'hi:drKn

]

二十面体 icosahedron

[

'aikKsK'hedrKn

]

多面体 polyhedron

[

pUli'hi:drKn

]

棱锥 pyramid

[

'pirKmid

]

棱柱 prism

[

'prizm

]

棱台 frustum

[

'frZstKm

]

of

[

Uv;Kv,v,f

]

a

[

ei,K

]

prism

[

'prizm

]

旋转 rotation

[

rKu'teiFKn

]

轴 axis

[

'Rksis

]

圆锥 cone

[

koun

]

圆柱 cylinder

[

'silindK

]

圆台 frustum

[

'frZstKm

]

of

[

Uv;Kv,v,f

]

a

[

ei,K

]

cone

[

koun

]

球 sphere

[

sfiK

]

半球 hemisphere

[

'hemisfiK

]

底面 undersurface

表面积 surface

[

'sK:fis

]

area

[

'EKriK

]

体积 volume

[

'vUljum

]

空间 space

[

speis

]

坐标系 coordinates

[

kou'U:dnit

]

坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis

横坐标 x-coordinate

纵坐标 y-coordinate

原点 origin

[

'UridJin

]

双曲线 hyperbola

[

hai'pK:bKlK

]

抛物线 parabola

[

pK'rRbKlK

]

三角 trigonometry

[

trigK'nUmitri

]

正弦 sine

[

sain

]

余弦 cosine

[

'kousain

]

正切 tangent

[

'tRndJKnt

]

余切 cotangent

[

'kou'tRndJKnt

]

正割 secant

[

'si:kKnt

]

余割 cosecant

[

'kou'si:kKnt

]

反正弦 arc

[

T:k

]

sine

[

sain

]

反余弦 arc

[

T:k

]

cosine

[

'kousain

]

反正切 arc

[

T:k

]

tangent

[

'tRndJKnt

]

反余切 arc

[

T:k

]

cotangent

[

'kou'tRndJKnt

]

反正割 arc

[

T:k

]

secant

[

'si:kKnt

]

反余割 arc

[

T:k

]

cosecant

[

'kou'si:kKnt

]

相位 phase

[

feiz

]

周期 period

[

'piKriKd

]

振幅 amplitude

[

'Rmplitju:d

]

内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)

外心 excentre(BrE),

excenter

[

'eksentK

]

(AmE)

旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)

垂心 orthocentre(BrE),

orthocenter(AmE)

重心 barycentre(BrE),

barycenter(AmE)

内切圆 inscribed circle

[

'sK:kl

]

外切圆 circumcircle

统计 statistics

[

stK'tistiks

]

平均数 average

[

'RvKridJ

]

加权平均数 weighted

[

'weitid

]

average

[

'RvKridJ

]

方差 variance

[

'vEKriKns

]

标准差 root-mean-square

deviation

[

di:vi'eiFKn

]

, standard

[

'stRndKd

]

deviation

[

di:vi'eiFKn

]

比例 propotion

百分比 percent

[

pK'sent

]

百分点 percentage

[

pK'sentidJ

]

百分位数 percentile

排列 permutation

[

pK:mju'teiFKn

]

组合 combination

[

kUmbi'neiFKn

]

概率，或然率 probability

[

prUbK'biliti

]

分布 distribution

[

distri'bju:FKn

]

正态分布 normal

[

'nU:ml

]

distribution

[

distri'bju:FKn

]

非正态分布 abnormal

[

Rb'nU:mKl

]

distribution

[

distri'bju:FKn

]

图表 graph

[

grT:f

]

条形统计图 bar

[

bT:

]

graph

[

grT:f

]

柱形统计图 histogram

[

'histKgrRm

]

折线统计图 broken

[

'broukKn

]

line

[

lain

]

graph

[

grT:f

]

曲线统计图 curve

[

kK:v

]

diagram

[

'daiKgrRm

]

扇形统计图 pie

[

pai

]

diagram

[

'daiKgrRm

]