2024年4月29日发(作者：金士顿内存条怎么看型号)

Andrew Milluzzi, KK4LWR

125 SE 16th Ave., Apt L202, Gainesville, FL 32601; *******************

Getting Started with

DMR and DSDPlus

This simple tutorial can help get you started on digital modulation.

Digital modulations are becoming quite

popular in Amateur Radio. Technologies like

DMR, D-STAR, and System Fusion have

made the technology accessible and a new

platform for experimentation. Recently there

was much buzz about the Tytera MD-380,

an inexpensive digital mobile radio (DMR)

handheld transceiver. Technologies such

as the RTL-SDR — software defined radio

based on the RTL chip set — have brought

software defined radio to the masses.

Combining these two technologies can

enable additional experimentation.

Recently the Gator Amateur Radio

Club, W4DFU, at the University of Florida

installed a DMR repeater for Gainesville

and the surrounding area. This repeater is a

great resource for students and Technician

class operators to talk all over the world

using UHF locally. It is easy to get started

Figure 1 — DMR decoding setup using a Tytera MD-380 handheld transceiver, a laptop

computer, and an RTL-SDR dongle. [Andy Milluzzi, KK4LWR, photo]

with DMR by just listening to typical DMR

contacts. Depending on the talk group, some

are quick, others are well organized nets. One

transceiver, since I am quite interested in

option to decode DMR is to purchase a radio.

What is DSDPlus?

the ongoing firmware experimentation

DSDPlus is an application that runs on a

community. You might already have a DMR

Another is constructing a receiver from an

Windows computer that can decode multiple

source, via other hams and perhaps a local

RTL-SDR, an antenna, and some software.

digital modes.

1

Similar to the open source

repeater. If you do decided to purchase a

DSD program, DSDPlus takes an audio

DMR radio, Motorola Solutions and Hytera

What is DMR?

stream from a radio and can generate text or

DMR stands for Digital Mobile Radio.

audio. The main difference for the scope of

each make some outstanding radios. Both

Sometimes it is called MotoTURBO,

this tutorial is that the open source program

Connect Systems and Tytera make some

the DMR product produced by Motorola

must be compiled from source code, while

more inexpensive options.

The second needed piece of hardware is a

Solutions. Like D-STAR or System Fusion,

DSDPlus offers a Windows binary.

radio to connect to your computer. You could

DMR digitizes voice using a vocoder and

use a VHF/UHF radio and a sound card to

sends the information via digital packet.

Hardware Setup

interface with your computer. However, I

Unlike D-STAR and System Fusion, DMR

My decoding setup requires just a few

uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple

pieces of physical hardware, seen in Figure

opted for an RTL-SDR for this project. An

Access) with two time slots in 12.5 kHz. This

1, and a some virtual hardware. The first

RTL-SDR is essentially an inexpensive TV

enables one DMR repeater to act as two on a

thing you need is a DMR source. I already

tuner USB dongle for your computer. It

can be purchased for less than $20 and can

given frequency.

had purchased a Tytera MD-380 handheld

cover 50 MHz to 1.7 GHz. Your Windows

QEX March/April 2017

19

operating system will most likely need a

special driver to use the card as an SDR. You

can install the correct driver with assistance

from the Zadig web page.

2

The Zadig website

has a simple guide for installing the WinUSB

driver. This tutorial will assume you are using

an RTL-SDR with the appropriate driver.

The final needed hardware component

for this tutorial is virtual. The DSD software

needs a way to pass the audio. If you are using

your computer sound card and an external

radio, then you can skip this hardware. I

recommend a VB-Audio Virtual Cable as

a free solution.

3

When you download and

install the software, you should notice a

the program will launch. Type “”

in your command prompt window. Without

an SDR plugged in, the application should

fail to launch, but will still list the audio

devices. For this program, we need to feed

the output to our virtual audio port input. On

my computer it is “Audio output device #2”

seen in Figure 2.

new audio input and output device on your

computer that acts as a sound card.

Setting up DSDPlus Suite

and DSDPlus DLL package from the

Download the latest version of DSDPlus

DSDPlus web page.

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the DSDPlus zip file and the DLL zip file to

Extract the contents of

a folder. Y

this tutorial, we will focus on

ou should see a few dozen files. For

and . In DSDPlus two programs must

be configured: FMP and DSDPlus. FMP is

a basic narrowband FM tuner for an SDR.

DSDPlus is the decoder.

command prompt. In the Windows

With all the files extracted, open a

environment, this can be done by pressing

the Windows key on your keyboard and

typing C

folder containing the DSDPlus files. Another

MD. Once open, navigate to the

option in Windows 8 or Windows 10 is to

click on the File menu in your Explorer

window. One of the options listed is open a

command prompt. If done from the DSDPlus

folder, you will not need to navigate.

Setting up FMP

several parameters. Modify this script for our

Open the file . You will see

use by configuring the four parameters “–I”,

“–o”, “–P”, and “–f”. The “–i” parameter

followed by number (without a space)

indicates which SDR to use as an input. For

the SDR we can assume it is the only one on

your computer, so set it to “–i1”. The “–o”

parameter followed by a number is the output

audio device. The “–P” parameter is the

parts-per million (ppm) correction for your

SDR. The “–f” parameter is the frequency

in megahertz.

parameters requires some knowledge about

To determine the values for the other

your setup. Let’s first tackle the output

audio source. Each computer is different.

The best way to determine the audio output

is to observe what FMP sees. For this next

part, you might find it helpful to unplug the

SDR from the computer; if it is plugged in

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QEX March/April 2017

Figure 2 — Running produces this text. Note the listed audio output devices.

Figure 3 — Screen capture of FMP successfully running, controlling the SDR. Note the

command prompt window showing the correct ppm correction and frequency.

Setting the ppm correction for your

SDR is specific to your device. You can

experiment by leaving it at 0.0. Alternatively

you can use another SDR program such as

SDR# from the AIRSPY web page to find

the ppm correction.

5

My device required a

ppm correction of +75.

The last parameter to set is the frequency

to monitor. I do not want to clog the larger

DMR network with my testing traffic, so I

generated my own signals on 446.075 MHz,

one of the UHF simplex frequency. DMR is

mostly on UHF in the United States. Once

the system is working, you can change the

frequency to a local repeater.

If done correctly, your

should look like:

Plug in your SDR tuner and run the

script. You should see several windows pop

up. Your computer screen should look like

Figure 3. Save the changes to .

You can close FMP by pressing the ESC key.

Setting up DSDPlus

Configure the DSDPlus script with

a similar process. Open the file

and observe the various parameters. The

parameters that start with a “w”:

control where the windows are launched.

You can set these as you like.

We must configure the audio as we did

before by launching DSDPlus from our open

command prompt. Unfortunately, there is

“–wsl”, “–wss”, “–wel”, and “–wcl”

“FMP –i1 –o2 –P75 –f446.075”.

no way to stop the program from opening

all the windows, so you might need to move

the various windows out of the way to see

the command prompt and get your results.

On my computer I got the results shown in

Figure 4.

The input should be set to the virtual

audio cable output. The output must be your

system speakers. In my case this results

in input device #1 and output device #1

respectively. This enables me to hear anyone

calling.

A few other parameters must be set to

make DMR work. The first parameter, “–

rv”, tells DSDPlus that we expect voice.

DSDPlus must also be set to decode DMR/

MotoTURBO, since DSDPlus can do

much more than just DMR — DSDPlus

documentation indicates that it decodes

D-STAR, except audio. It also can also

decode P25 Phase 1 and NEXEDGE.

To enable DMR we need to pass the “–fr”

parameter. We also need to tell DSDPlus

which of the two time slots we want to

Figure 4 — Running DSDPlus lists both input and output audio devices.

Figure 5 — A screen capture of several windows of DSDPlus while decoding.

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21

monitor. This is done via passing “–1” or

“–2” after the “–fr” parameter. Those are the

only required parameters to make it work.

You can record what DSDPlus decodes

using the “–Pwav” parameter to save the

audio as a wave file. You might also discover

a “–v3” parameter in the sample provided

by DSDPlus. This enables verbose logging

and I recommend using it, especially for

debugging your scripts.

When you are done, you should have a

script similar to:

“DSDPlus –fr –1 –rv -Pwav –i1 –o1 –v3 –

wsl400.210 –wss100.200 –wel172.522 –wcl528.0

>>”.

also enabling a way to connect with other

users.

This tutorial was just the tip of the iceberg

in terms of software defined radio. While

scanning DMR with DSDPlus is nothing

new, the software can be intimidating. We

have just scratched the surface in what

DSDPlus can do and hopefully this will

encourage you to experiment with all the

features or get started with DMR. Most of the

DSDPlus documentation is in text files with

the software. Give it a try and see what you

Results

The setup easily decodes my DMR test

can come up with!

signals from my MD-380. Figure 5, shows

Andy Milluzzi, KK4LWR, is an Amateur

that DSDPlus is successfully decoding

Test Radio Setup

Testing was done on low power and

simplex. I programmed my Tytera MD-380

to use the standard Talk Group 99, Time

Slot 1, and Color Code 1, as found on the

Amateur Radio guide on the DMR-MARC

web page.

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I also have the channel admit

criteria set to “always” since there is no

signal with which to sync up.

you should be able to decode DMR audio.

Run along with and

several windows of information from my

Figure 5 is a screen capture containing

test transmission. If you look at the “DSD+

DMR VC Channel Activity” window you

can see my target was Talk Group 99. The

signal came from my radio programmed with

3112746, my DMR-MARC registered radio

number. “The DSD+ VC

reflects this same information. The “”

event log” also

window shows a trace of the audio signal.

The most useful information comes from the

command prompt script, lower left window.

Y

my signal before getting regular information.

ou can also see DSDPlus initially locked on

This is because my simplex mode has an

“always” admit criteria. If we tweak our

script to use slot two, the information for my

signal would look the same in the command

prompt, but no audio would play. This is

because DSDPlus is expecting time slot two

to provide the audio. We can also see my

radio ID and the talk group in this window.

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QEX March/April 2017

the incoming DMR voice packets. The

software successfully identifies key packet

information, such as talk group, device ID,

and so on. The audio output is clear and easy

to understand. The software saves a “.wav

file” of the audio, enabling me to mute the

speakers while testing to avoid feedback.

configured an old computer with the RTL-

With the setup working correctly, I have

SDR to act as a DMR monitor for W4DFU

repeater. I used the time slot selection of

DSD+ to limit monitoring to time slot 2 (to

avoid hearing the near constant traffic on

North America or World Wide talk groups).

This lets me hear local traffic and just a few

larger area talk groups. The W4DFU repeater

is part of the K4USD network. Details for

time slots and talk groups can be found at

the K4USD web page.

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from the W4DFU repeater and the small

I live a few miles

stock antenna that came with the RTL-SDR

is easily able to pick up the repeater from

my desk.

Next Steps

something new. I love the challenge of

Like many hams, I am always learning

mastering a new technology. I am far from

an expert on DMR, but I am having fun

discovering the features of this digital mode.

This SDR scanner project is just one way to

gain a better understanding of DMR while

Extra licensed ham, first licensed in 2012. He

is president of the Gator Amateur Radio Club,

W4DFU, at the University of Florida. Andy

is 2012 alumnus, receiving a BS in Computer

Engineering and a BS in Software Engineering,

of the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in

Terre Haute, Indiana. He is a PhD candidate

and 2013 alumnus, receiving a MS in

Electrical and Computer Engineering, at the

University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.

Andy loves how Amateur Radio affords him

the ability to tinker and relax, while still

incorporating his passion for engineering.

Notes

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