2024年4月24日发(作者：macan和卡宴的区别)
The humanistic approach to psychology
心理学的人本主义研究方法
‘Humanistic psychology has as its ultimate goal the preparation of a
complete description of what it means to be alive as a human
being’.Bugental(1967)
“人本主义心理学把对人类活着意义的完整阐述作为其终极目标。”布根塔尔
（1967）
Origins and history
1. 起源和历史
The humanistic movement developed in America in the early 1960s,and was
termed the third force in psychology since it aimed to replace the two
main approaches in the subject at that time,behaviourism and
nced by gestalt psychology’s idea of studying whole
units, and existential philosophy with its belief in conscious free
will,humanists argued that behaviourism’s artificial and dehumanising
approach and psychoanalysis’s gloomy determinism were insufficient to
provide a complete psychology.
人本主义运动发展壮大于20世纪60年代初的美国,由于它旨在取 代当时这一领
域的两大心理学重要研究方法——行为主义和精神分析，而被称为心理学的第三
势力。受格式塔心理学研究整体的思想，以及存在主义哲学推崇有意识的自由意
志的影响,人本主义者认为行为主义人造的和非人化的方法以及精神分析阴郁的
决定论不足支撑完整的心理学。
The humanistic approach aimed to investigate all the uniquely human
aspects of experience such as love,hope,creativity, emphasised
the importance of the individual’s interaction with the
sts,such as Maslow,believed that every individual has
the need to self-actualise or reach their potential,and Rogers developed
client-centred therapy to help individuals in this process of
self-actualisation.
人本主义的研究方法旨在探讨人类独有的经验，例如，爱、希望、创造力等，并
且强调个人与环境相互作用的重要性。人本主义者，如马斯洛，相信每个人都有
自我实现的或达到自己潜能的需要,罗杰斯创建的来访者中心疗法就是用来帮助
个体在此过程中完成自我实现的。
Assumptions
2. 理论假设
Bugental(1967),the first president of the American Association for
Humanistic Psychology,described some of its fundamental assumptions:
美国人本主义心理学会第一届主席布根塔尔（1967）描述了一些基本假设:
A proper understanding of human nature can only be gained from studying
humans, not other animals.
只有通过研究人类，而绝非其他的动物，才能获取对人性恰当的理解。
Psychology should research areas that are meaningful and important to
human existence,not neglect them because they are too difficult.
Psychology should be applied to enrich human life.
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