2024年3月16日发(作者：努比亚z17max)
Definition of language: 语言的定义
ge is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human
communication.
of all, language is a system, element of a language are combined
according to rules
, language is arbitrary in the sense that the forms of linguistic signs
bear no natural relationship to their meaning. Eg, a rose by any other name would
smell as sweet
, language is vocal because the primary medium for language is second
y, the term “human” in the definition is meant to specify that
language is human-specific, it is very different from the communication system
that other forms of life posses, such as bird songs and bee dances.
as it is, this definition has capture the main features of language.
Ways of classifying words 词的分类
, inflectional affixes are generally less productive than derivational affixes:
they very often add a minute or delicate grammatical function only to the stem.
Therefore, they serve to produce different forms of a single lexical item. However,
derivational affixes are very productive in making new words.
, inflectional affixes do not change the word class of the word they
attach to, whereas derivational affixes might or might not.
, whether one should add inflectional affixes or not depends very often
on other factors within the phrase or sentence. However, derivational affixes are
more often based on simple meaning distinctions
, in English, most inflectional affixes are suffixes, which are always word
final. However, derivational affixes can be either prefixes at the same time.
traditional grammar and modern linguistics 传统语言学与现代语言学
1. firstly, modern linguistics is descriptive while traditional grammar is
prescriptive. A linguistic is interested in what is said, not in what he thinks ought to
be said.
2. secondly, modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, not
the written. Tradition grammarians tended to emphasize, maybe overemphasize,
the importance of the written language.现代语言学中，口语是基本
3. Thirdly, modern linguistics does not force language into a Latin-based
framework. For a long time on the European continent it was unquestionably
assumed that Latin provides a universal framework into which all languages fit.现
代语言学不再局限于拉丁语
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