2024年3月14日发(作者：三星a51 5g参数)

More complex processes require more complex safety technology. 更复杂

的过程需要更复杂的安全技术。 Many industrialists even believe that the

development and the application of safety technology is actually a constraint

on the growth of the chemical industry. 许多企业家甚至认为，安全技术的发展和应

用实际上是制约化工发展的因素。As chemical process technology becomes more

complex, chemical engineers will need a more detailed and fundamental

understanding of safety. 由于化学工艺技术越来越复杂，化学工程师也将需要更详细

和本质地了解安全知识。 H.H. Fawcett has said that to know is to survive and to

ignore fundamentals id to court disaster. HH福塞特曾说过，了解安全知识就能生

存，忽略它就会招致灾害。

Since 1950, significant technological advances have been made in

chemical process safety. 自1950年以来，化学工程安全已经取得了重大的技术进步。

Today, safety is equal in importance to production and has developed into a

scientific discipline which includes many highly technical and complex

theories and practices. 今天，安全和生产同样重要，已经发展成为一门包括高科技、

复杂理论和实践的学科。

Examples of the technology safety include: 安全技术的例子包括：

Hydrodynamic models representing two-phase flow through a vessel

relief. 通过减压容器的两相流体力学模型。

Dispersion models representing the spread of toxic vapor through a plant

after a release. 经工厂排放的有毒蒸汽散播的分散模型。

Mathematical techniques to determine the various ways that processes

can fail, and the probability of failure. 确定生产过程可能失败的各种途径和失败概

率的数学技术。

17 The general term plant design includes all engineering aspects

involved in the development of either a new, modified, or expanded industrial

plant. 工厂设计泛指工程的各个方面，涉及到新工厂的开发，旧工厂的改造和扩建。 In

this development, the chemical engineer will be making economic evaluations

of new processes, designing individual pieces of equipment for the proposed

new venture, or developing a plant layout for coordination of the overall

operation. 在这个进程中，化学工程师将要对新过程进行经济评价，为投资项目设计各

个设备，或为整体的操作协调设计工厂布局图。Because of these many design duties,

the chemical engineer is many times referred to here as a design engineer. 由

于这些许多设计任务，化学工程师常被称作设计师。On the other hand, a chemical

engineer specializing in the economic aspects of the design is often referred to

as a cost engineer. 另一方面，研究经济方面化学工程师常被称为成本工程师。In many

instances, the process engineering is used in connection with economic

evaluation and general economic analyses of industrial processes, while

process design refers to the actual design of the equipment and facilities

necessary for carrying out the process. 在许多情况下，过程工程常常和经济评价、

一般过程经济分析联系在一起。然而，过程设计只是指实现过程所需的基础设施和实际设

计。 Similarly, the meaning of plant design is limited by some engineers to

items related directly to the complete plant, such as plant layout, general

service facilities, and plant location. 同样，工厂的设计被一些工程师限制为与整个工

厂设计直接相关项目，例如工厂的布局，大众服务设施，以及工厂选址。