2024年6月3日发(作者：)

软件工程

之面向对象

讲义

软件工程之面向对象讲义...............................................................................................................1

1 面向对象的基本概念...............................................................................................................2

1.1 基本概念.......................................................................................................................2

1.2 对象...............................................................................................................................2

1.3 消息...............................................................................................................................2

1.4 类...................................................................................................................................2

1.5 继承...............................................................................................................................3

1.6 多态...............................................................................................................................3

1.7 动态绑定（dynamic binding）....................................................................................4

2 面向对象程序设计...................................................................................................................4

2.1 面向对象的好处...........................................................................................................4

2.2 面向对象程序设计语言...............................................................................................5

2.2..5

2.2..6

2.2.3 C++...................................................................................................................6

2.2.7

2.3 程序设计语言中的OOP机制.......................................................................................8

2.3.1 类的定义...........................................................................................................8

2.3.2 继承和类层次结构...........................................................................................8

2.3.3 对象、消息传递和方法...................................................................................9

2.3.4 对象自身引用...................................................................................................9

2.3.5 重置.................................................................................................................10

2.3.6 类属类.............................................................................................................10

2.3.7 无实例的类.....................................................................................................10

3 面向对象开发技术.................................................................................................................11

3.1 面向对象分析.............................................................................................................11

3.2 面向对象设计.............................................................................................................12

3.3 面向对象测试.............................................................................................................12

4 面向对象分析与设计方法.....................................................................................................12

4.1 OOA和OOD方法.......................................................................................................13

4.1.13

4.1.2 OOD(Object-Oriented Design).......................................................................13

4.1.3 OMT方法........................................................................................................14

4.1.4 三个模型间的关系.........................................................................................15

4.2 OMT的步骤................................................................................................................16

4.3 UML概述....................................................................................................................17

4.3.1 UML基本概念................................................................................................17

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.3.4

UML－－事物................................................................................................18

UML－－关系................................................................................................19

UML－－图....................................................................................................21

1 面向对象的基本概念

1.1

基本概念