2024年4月28日发(作者：)

2023-2024

学年江苏省扬州中学高一上学期

10

月月考英语试题

It’s time to play your part!

Our Connect Recover Thrive campaign will help to care for the National Park for the future. If you

love the Peak District and want to give something back, please sign up today to give a small amount

each month. It’s not all about the money, we also need your time and expertise-could you commit

today to giving a few hours a month to help us raise funds and support for the Peak District National

Park?

Thank you for your support, there is so much more to do, and we need your help to do it.

Give a monthly donation

One of the easiest ways for you to help us to care for the Peak District Nation Park is to give a

regular donation. Don’t forget that if you are a UK taxpayer you can add gift aid and the government

will add 25% to your donation at no cost to you.

Take on a fundraising challenge

We’re looking for fundraising heroes to take on exciting challenges to raise money to care for the

Peak District National Park. Could you do a sponsored walk, run, cycle, swim? Could you host an

event in your community, could you break a world record?

Remember the Peak District after you’ve gone

Do you love the Peak District National Park and want to see it cared for after you’ve gone? Leaving

a gift in your will is a really special way to help us to look after the Peak District National Park for

future generations.

Support the Access Fund

The Access Fund is a restricted fund which helps our partners at the Peak District National Park

Authority to add new access points, restore paths, enhance the accessibility of paths, replace gates,

all to improve accessibility to access land. If you would like to help look after the National Park

please consider a donation to the Access End here.

1. What will people do in the Connect Recover Thrive campaign?

A

．

Appreciate scenery around the park.

B

．

Give support in caring for the park

C

．

Solve technical problems of the park.

D

．

Encourage tax payers to volunteer.

2. How can you become a fundraising hero?

A

．

By giving a monthly donation.

B

．

By leaving a gift in your will.

C

．

By joining in a competitive sport.

D

．

By adding gift aid to your donation.

3. What is the Access Fund aimed-at?

A

．

Land reservation.

B

．

Accessibility restriction.

C

．

Accessibility improvement.

D

．

Paths replacement.

As an intense heat wave sweeps through China, residents are seeking relief in air raid shelters and

swimming pools to stay cool, and dozens of cities, including Shanghai, Chongqing and Hangzhou,

have issued their highest-level red alert warnings. Shanghai has issued three red alerts this year, with

the temperature hitting 40.9 Celsius on July 13, matching the record set in 2017 since 1873. The fact

that Shanghai has experienced only 16 days of 40°C-plus temperatures since the city began keeping

records in 1873 should give us an idea about the seriousness of the situation.

Medical experts say extreme heat could cause nausea (

恶心

), fatigue, sunstroke and even death, with

senior citizens and people with long-term illnesses particularly vulnerable to heat waves.

Extreme heat events, which began a month ago, have affected the lives of more than 900 million

people in China. Between June 1 and July 12, the average number of days with temperatures above

35°Cwas 5.3, up 2.4 days over normal years, breaking the national record set in 1961, according to

the National Climate Center.

Parts of Europe are also in the grip of heat waves and experiencing extreme weather events after the

western part of North America faced extreme heat waves last year. In response to the exceptionally

high temperatures, the United Kingdom has declared a national emergency and issued the highest-

level red alert warning for Monday and Tuesday for the first time. More alarmingly, the average

global temperature in June this year was 0.4°C higher than normal years and the highest since 1979,

with temperatures in countries such as Spain, France and Italy exceeding 40°C.

Unfortunately, extreme heat, which is directly related to climate change, will become more frequent

and intense in the next 30 years, setting new records for high temperatures. As global warming

intensifies, losses and devastation will increase, forcing natural and human systems to raise their

adaptation limits.

4. What can we know about the heat waves this year?

A

．

It may cause more harm to the old and people with long-term illnesses.

B

．

The number of days above 35°Cin June breaks the national record.

C

．

Shanghai has experienced a higher temperature than that in 2017.

D

．

The whole Europe as well as America are suffering from the heat waves.

5. How does the author develop the text?

A

．

By analyzing and concluding.

C

．

By giving examples and quoting.

B

．

By explaining and contrasting.

D

．

By giving figures and comparing.

6. According to the writer, what is the trend of extreme heat?

A

．

Becoming more serious.

C

．

Staying unpredictable.

7. What is the text mainly about?

A

．

The solutions to the climate change.

C

．

The increase of severe heat waves.

Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona, in north-eastern Spain, for the

opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There

are injuries and deaths every year, but the event is of interest to many people. A paper just published

in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds.

That is a useful topic to explore. Arehitects, civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out

how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire, a flood or a terrorist attack so they can

design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions (

碰撞

). Unfortunately, solid information

is hard to come by. Daniel Parisi, the paper’s lead author, realised that the Pamplona bull-runs

offered the perfect natural experiment.

Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed

the runners as the animals were released, Later in the lab, they calculated the speed of the runners,

the density (

密度

) of the crowd, the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship

between runner-group density and speed.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near.

Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the

crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that

people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which

could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death.

Yet it seems that, in the heat of the moment, people pay little attention to the danger of colliding

with each other, and do not slow down. The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to

work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict

flow. The only option may well be to make them wider.

8. What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona?

A

．

They proved his theory.

B

．

They recorded a bull-run.

C

．

They watched a thrilling bull-fight.

B

．

The economic losses from heat waves.

D

．

The destructive effect of global warming.

B

．

Remaining stable.

D

．

Getting controllable.

D

．

They designed a psychological experiment.

9. What was the unexpected finding in the study?

A

．

People slowed down in crowded areas.

B

．

Tripping posed a danger to bull-runners.

C

．

Bulls coming near made people running faster.

D

．

People tended to speed up in high-density crowds.

10. What is implied in the last paragraph?

A

．

People lose their mind in disasters.

B

．

Future tunnels and bridges may be wider.

C

．

Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collision.

D

．

Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding each other.

11. Which is the best title for the text?

A

．

How crowds react to panic

B

．

Bull-runs caught on in Spain

C

．

Dr Parisi’s finding shocks the world

D

．

What architects can learn from bull-running

“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-

winning economist, “that is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its

profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s statement and regard corporate social responsibility

(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New

research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are charged

with corruption (

腐败

).

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,

according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three

ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high

quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate

to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse (

分散的

) “halo effect” its good deeds

earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble distinguishing these effects because consumers can be

affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions (

起

诉

) under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not

consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the

halo effect.

The study finds that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes

tend to get more lenient punishments. Their analysis rules out the possibility that it is the firm’s

political influence, rather than its CSR stance, that accounts for the leniency: Companies that

contribute more to political campaigns do not receive lower fines.

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,

they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a

substantial labor-rights concern, such as child labor, or increasing corporate giving by about 20%

result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.”

says one researcher.

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to

spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are relying on the halo effect, rather than the

other possible benefits, when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character

can win them a less costly punishment.

12. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with___________.

A

．

uncertainty B

．

interest C

．

approval D

．

tolerance

13. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by___________.

A

．

guarding it against malpractices

C

．

winning trust from consumers

B

．

protecting it from consumers

D

．

raising the quality of its products

14. The underlined expression “more lenient” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________.

A

．

less debatable B

．

more lasting C

．

more effective D

．

less severe

15. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record___________.

A

．

comes across as reliable evidence

C

．

is considered part of the investigation

There’s a lot to cope with when you go off to university. 16 For most students, a completely new

environment is waiting to be explored.

We recently drove our daughter Evie 150 miles to start life as a fresher. It was a struggle to find the

car park, let alone explore the huge campus. Although we knew she had flatmates and phone apps to

get her to fit in, the challenge ahead was clear—to find her way in an unfamiliar world. 17

In a recent study, volunteers walked around a virtual forest environment. Then some of them took

the same walk again, while others explored a different forest. 18 According to the researchers, that

was because exploring the new environment stimulated their dopamine (

多巴胺

) system—setting up

their brains for memorizing things. Thus, they scored higher.

So leaving home to study makes perfect sense. 19 But we may all be able to gain some of the

benefits, even if it’s just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills. Here are three

things to try:

B

．

has an impact on their decision

D

．

increases the chance of being punished