2024年4月16日发(作者：)

常用速记符号

大于 ＞ 小于 ＜ 小于或等于 ≤ 大于或等于 ≥ 等于、意味着 =

不等于 ≠ 约等于 ≈ 遗憾、悲哀 ; 高兴、荣兴 ( 错误、否、不、否定 ×

正确、对、好、肯定 √ 不同意 N 同意 Y 上升、增加 ↑

下降、减少 ↓ 强、好 ＋ 更强、更好 ＋＋ 弱、差 － 更弱、更差 ――

因为 ∵ 所以 ∴ 优秀 ★ 属于 ∈ 胜利 V 问题、疑

问 ？ 和、与 ＆ 结论是 =＞ 促进、发展↗ 国家 □ 国与国 □/□

原因 ← 导致、结果 → 对立、冲突 >< 波折 ＜＜ 会议、

会面 ⊙

进入 ∩ 接触、交往 ∞ 分歧 ⊥ 非常、十分重要 ** 坚持 ≡ 关

键 ！

奇观 ! 有关 @ 替换为 ∽ 但是 ‖ 与……比较而言 ∥ 空洞

○

代表 △

口译笔记的功能是：第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用，避免遗忘漏失。第二、透过图

像、版面与符号的交错运用，笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能，能将语篇的段落整理

清楚并保存一段时间。

笔记是口译讯息整理与保存的工具，运用这项工具时必须先了解到底笔记的内容是什

么。缩减练习中已经提到，建立新架构的必要讯息是5W1H「六何」（何人、何事、何时、

何地、何物、如何）。再加上，数字与专有名词就是了。

在讯息内容之外，还要进一步掌握的就是讯息内容之间的关系。

讯息关系 内容说明 方法运用

段落的顺序 显示出语篇或语意的段落 画线或排列表示

逻辑的关系 祝贺、谢词、欢迎、感想 运用笔记符号表示

强弱的程度 表达状语等修饰词，如「极为」、「少许」、「经常」、「偶而」等 在右上角

用1-2个+ - ！？等表示

变化的情形 升高、降低、波动、剧变 运用＜ ＞↗↘↑→等表示

一、做口译笔记时的注意事项

1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必

取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大

小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。

2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准

确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联

大”。

4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example),

etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum),

ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。

二、常用速记符号

速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐

步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。

三. 笔记的方法

至于笔记的方法可以分为：笔记的结构、笔记的语言与笔记的原则来谈。分述其定义

及运用方法如下：

A.笔记的结构（指将讯息置于笔记纸上的组织方法）

1. 纵向分页--要将版面分割以充分利用纸面，可以纵向画一条中线区隔。

2. 横向分段--在每一语意完整的段落之后画一稍长之横线，每一口译段落之后则画一

条贯穿版面之横线。3. 阶梯式排列--适用于表示讯息的先后顺序。4. 条列式记法--适用于

表达并列的讯息或是连手、对立等语意内涵。B.笔记的语言（运用图像、符号、简称、字

母、文字或加以组合，以表达口语讯息的内容与结构。）

应区分为「常用符号」与「暂定符号」，以因应一般情况与特定口译主题之需求。以下

即「常用符号」之例：

1. 图像(?=高兴, ⊙=会议, Θ=世界、地球 ) 2. 符号(＋－×÷＜ ＞ ？ ！.：↗↘↑

→∵≒≠ ＃＄㎏ ㎝ ex.…) 3. 简称或缩写(WTO APEC；TW, HK, CH, JP；Tpe, Tky, Sel ；

Ecm, Mkt, 21C) 4. 原文( tie up, Hi-Tech, 危?=危机、基?=基础…)

5. 译文(人名，组织名称，专有名词…) 6. 英文(So, Now, but, Why,…)

7. 符号与文字、图像的组合与变化(Θ?= international, global,Θnet = internet, )

C.笔记的原则（考量口译的目的、译者的工作负荷、工作环境而订定的纲领。）

1. 口译为主，笔记为辅。

译者应以听看讲者，全面地吸收讯息、组成口译讯息为工作主体，笔记只是辅助的作

用，不宜舍本逐末。

2. 笔记应呈现讯息的概念与结构。

无论用图标或文字与符号，都应将之组成完整的讯息概念或组织结构。

3. 记下密度与难度高的讯息。

讯息负荷过量且不易记住的内容（如数字、专有名词），一定要做笔记。

4. 笔记的内容与符号，以多重利用为原则。

任何已记下的笔记内容与符号，都应尽量拉线再次利用，或用不同颜色的笔在原来的

笔记上再做笔记，以最经济的方式发挥笔记的作用到极限。

5. 笔记的语言符号，必须能够沟通。

译者应避免使用自己不熟悉的符号，或是双人合作时应避免字迹凌乱。

笔记纸大小，依译者可控空间而定。

译者站立时，笔记本不宜超过手掌大小；有桌椅可用时，笔记可大至A4。

四. 口译缩略符号(左栏为原词,右栏为缩略符号)

1）the - for f that -t from fr and & if .f are r is z

he e be b or o you u to t your ur in n an a

of v so s at @ me m all l they -y but bt this -s

would (d there -r which (c has hs what (t had hd was (s

have hv whom (m she )e will (l shall )l

when (n most m- can kn my m. go g new nw

some sm any an could kd first /- thing -, well (el

think -nk say sa do d next nx lie l. until tl

time t.m cannot knt send s+ more mo very vr easy ez

2)Affix缩略语

A accom, accor aG aggra, aggre, agre C circu, circum

K cog, col,con,com,cor D des,dis m em,im n en,in

X extra,extri H hydra,hydro N insta,inste,insti

I inter,enter,intro,intre nK incla, L letter,liter

mG magna,magni M mis P pr,per,pur,pre,pro,pri

R reco,recom, rK recla, S suspe,suspi,suscep

T trans U ulta,ulte,ulti V. Suffix B ble,able,ible,ably,ibly g/ age

" ance,inse,ancy,ensy + and,end,ant,ent r/ ary,ery,ory,ury

N antic,entic T atic,etic,itic,otic S asict,istic,ostic,ustic

J cient,cience,sient,tience ' cial,sual,tual,tial,tially

: der,ter,tor,ther v/ ever F ful,fully f/ fication , ing

t/ ity,oty,ety,uty K ical,acle,icle,cal G ology,alogy,ulogy

V ive,sive,tive L ly,ely,ily n/ ness P ple,ply ! sion, tion

- st,est,ist,ost ; ted D tude R ure s/ us,ous,ious

3）缩略语和符号

中国人民－中人 中国政府－CHN gov 美国人民－美人；A人

按我国有关规定－国定 现代化－现h 可行性－可行x 企业家－企业

j

投资回报率－投回 ROL 改革开发政策－改开 感到特别亲切－特亲

特殊政策和灵活政策－特灵 GDP－国民生产总值 GNP－国内生产总值

5yrP－ five year plan SOE-国有企业 FIE-外资企业 JV－合资企

业

JCCT China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade 中美商贸联委会

high-tech high-technology 高科技 eg for example etc and so on

ie that is cf compare esp especially min minimum

max maximum usu usually ref reference Co company

std standard dept department SH shanghai

⊙ conference/meeting Country □ □ /□ country and country

↑ decrease /ascend/go up /rise up/raise/move up/mount up/rise

↓ descend/drop/fall/decline / go or come down

↑↑ more and more strong ↓↓ more and more weak

（1）Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and

references. S = sum f = frequency

（2） Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.

cf = compare e.g. = example

dept = department

（3） Use only the first syllable of a word.

pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism

（4）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.

pres = presentation

cons = conservative

subj = subject nd = individual

（5）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable

abbreviation.

assoc = associate

ach = achievement

biol = biology info = information

chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction

conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition

（6） Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable

skeleton of the word. ppd=prepared

prblm=problem

gvt=government

estmt=estimate bkgd=background

（7） Use an apostrophe in place of letters.

am't=amount

educat'l=educational

cont'd=continued gov't=government

（8）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.

chpts=chapters

intros = introductions

egs =examples fs = frequencies

（9）Use g to represent ing endings.

ckg=checking

exptg = experimenting

estg=establishing decrg=decreasing

（10）Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.

Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with

shorthand.

Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the.

If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute

initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for

Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.

（11）Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.

&=and w/=with w/o=without vs=against =therefore = =is or

equal

（12） Use technical symbols where applicable.

zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work

o = degrees H2O = water

（13）Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:

+ plus // parallel

（14）Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:

IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom

（15）Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:

mar marketing cus customer cli client

（16）Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable.

Examples: subj subject budg budget ind individual

（17）To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first

syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:

tech'gy technology gen'ion generalisation del'y delivery

（18）Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable

abbreviation. Eg. assoc associated ach achievement info information

（19）Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough

consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:

bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem

（20）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:

custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios

（21）Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:

decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing

（22）Spellout, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as

key

（23）Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was were

（24）Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the

（25）If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or

meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used

again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB

（26）Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:

@ at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against

Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop

separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.

（27）Other Symbols and Abbreviations

as a result of / consequences of <---> resulting in ---> and / also +

equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than <

greater than > especially esp/