2024年4月15日发(作者：)

全国2023-2024学年英语高三上期末学业水平测试模拟试题

注意事项:

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第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

1．

She is ____________ being pleased about it ; she is very angry.

A．free from B．free of C．out of D．far from

2．

Working hard is not a __________ of great success, but it is among the essential

requirements.

A

．

sign

C．guarantee D．mark

B

．

signal

3．I ______ tell you with certainty that he won’t be able to finish it before the deadline.

A．will B．must C．can D．may

4．

It really matters _______ he treated the latest failure, for the examination is around

the corner.

A

．

if

C．why D．how

When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as

5．

they ________ in the countryside.

A

．

will do

C．have done D．were doing

B

．

had done

B

．

that

6．

I’m most awfully grateful to you. I can’t think what I ________ without you.

A

．

could do

C．should have done D．must have done

7．

You can’t use the computer now, ________ the upgrade of the system is under way.

A

．

until

C．as D．after

B

．

unless

B

．

would do

8．

Every four years Americans __________ the transfer of power.

A

．

carry over B

．

carry off

C．carry on D．carry out

9．

Nowadays, more and more young ladies, figures most are fine enough, are

going on a diet.

A

．

who

C．of whose D．of whom

B

．

whose

10．

Justin a book about his adventures in Tibet

．

I hope he can find a good

publisher when it is finished

．

A．was writing B．is currently writing C．has already written D．wrote

11．

Don’t forget to send ______ attended the conference a follow-up email.

A

．

however

C．whoever D．wherever

12．

Painting from still images leads to a loss of sensitivity, which is _____ to an artist.

A．absolute B．urgent C．especial D．vital

B

．

whatever

13．

The farmers are in bad need of rain,but a (an) large amount of rainfall

will cause Floods.

A．Eventually B．constantly C．gradually D．extremely

14．

He liked the lovely dog so much that he ________ his book and played with it

immediately.

A

．

gave off

C．took over D．turned down

15．

—You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening

．

—Yes, I know I __ __

．

A．ought to have B．have to C．should D．must have

B

．

set aside

16．

He couldn’t make his voice ______ above the noise of the traffic.

A

．

to hear B

．

hearing

C．heard D．hear

The main issue at the APEC meeting was a climate-change plan _____ by Australia’s

17．

Howard and backed by Bush.

A

．

put out

C．put away D．put forward

18．

________ the danger of drunk driving, many drivers promised never to drive after

drinking.

A

．

Realizing

C．Realized D．Having realized

19．

Beijing’s new international airport into operation in 2019 will serve 72

million passengers annually.

A

．

being put B

．

to be put

C．put D．to put

20．

______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.

B

．

To have realized

B

．

put off

A

．

If it is not B

．

Had it not been

C．Were it not D．If they were not

第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项

中，选出最佳选项。

21．（6分）

Exercise seems to be good for the human brain, with many recent

studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills. But an

interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are

real or just a placebo effect — that is, if we think we will be “smarter” after exercise, do

our brains respond accordingly? The answer has significant implications for any of us

hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives.

While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits, recently some

scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on

thinking might be a placebo effect. So researchers at Florida State University in

Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign decided to focus on

expectations, on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking. If people’s

expectations jibe (

吻合

) closely with the actual benefits, then at least some of those

improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise.

For the new study, which was published last month in PLOS One, the researchers

recruited 171 people through an online survey system, they asked half of these

volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens (

拉伸运动

)

performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking. The other

volunteers were asked the same questions, but about a regular walking program.

In actual experiments, stretching and toning program generally have little if any

impact on people’s cognitive skills. Walking, on the other hand, seems to substantially

improve thinking ability.

But the survey respondents believed the opposite, estimating that the stretching and

toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking. The estimates of

benefits from walking were lower.

These data, while they do not involve any actual exercise, are good news for people

who do exercise. “The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic

exercise are not a placebo effect,” said Cary Stothart, a graduate student in cognitive

psychology at Florida State University, who led the study.

If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after

exercise, Mr. Stothart said, then people should have expected walking to be more

beneficial for thinking than stretching. They didn’t, implying that the changes in the

brain and thinking after exercise are physiologically genuine.

The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain

and may, in the process, improve thinking, Mr. Stothart said. That conclusion should

encourage scientists to look even more closely into how, at a molecular level, exercise

remodels the human brain, he said. It also should encourage the rest of us to move, since

the benefits are, it seems, not imaginary, even if they are in our head.

1

、

Which of the following about the placebo effect is TRUE according to the passage?

A

．

It occurs during exercise.

C

．

It is just a mental reaction.

B

．

It has cognitive benefits.

D

．

It is a physiological response.

2

、

Why did the researchers at the two universities conduct the research?

A

．

To discover the placebo effect in the exercise.

B

．

To prove the previous studies have a big drawback.

C

．

To test whether exercise can really improve cognition.

D

．

To encourage more scientists to get involved in the research.

3

、

What can we know about the research Cary Stothart and his team carried out?

A

．

They employed 171 people to take part in the actual exercise.

B

．

The result of the research removed the recent doubt of some scientists.

C

．

The participants thought walking had a greater impact on thinking ability.

D

．

Their conclusion drives scientists to do research on the placebo effect.

4

、

What might be the best title for the passage?

A

．

Is it necessary for us to take exercise? B

．

How should people exercise properly?

C

．

What makes us smarter during exercise? D

．

Does exercise really make us smarter?

22．（8分）

Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (

预测

) in

reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and

ecosystems.

Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species

around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.

Increased carbon dioxide (CO

2

) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an

effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall

patterns can change their patterns of growth.

“Predicting species, reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”

said the researchers of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key

object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food

chains and ecosystem services.

The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle

studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some

experiments had underestimated (

低估

) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing

by 4 times.

“Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for

both leafing and flowering— that results from temperature increase,” the study said.

The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how

plants will react to climate change, it said.

Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using

photosynthesis (

光合作用

) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out

oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.

Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since

1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.

So far, efforts to cut emissions (

排放

) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not

seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point

scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes

are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.

1

、

What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A

．

Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.

B

．

The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.

C

．

Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.

D

．

Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.

2

、

We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that .

A

．

plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing

B

．

there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents

C

．

scientists should improve the design of the experiments

D

．

the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change

3

、

Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because .

A

．

they can prove the climate change clearly

B

．

they are very important in the food chains

C

．

they play a leading role in reducing global warming

D

．

they are growing and flowering much faster than before

4

、

What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?

A

．

It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.

B

．

Its change will lead to weather extremes.

C

．

It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.

D

．

It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.

23．（8分）

Tiny Countries You Never knew Existed

Sao Tome and principe

Sao Tome and Principe off Africa's west coast is only 372 square miles, but it has

Impressive, undamaged nature, rich in biodiverse species. The amazing needle-like

volcanic peak Pico Cao Grande rises 1,000 feet into the air. The islands are home to only

around 10,000 people today.

San Marino

Only 23 square miles with a population of just 34,000, the little-known country of

San Marino, surrounded by Italy, is the world's fifth smallest country. With the

UNESCO World Heritage Site of Mount Titano, the country is said to be the oldest

republic in the world.

Dominica

Dominica covers only 290 square miles, with some of the best diving in the

Caribbean, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of volcanic Morme Trois Pitons

National Park. In Dominica, you'll see rainforests, waterfalls, and coastal views. The

island is also home to the only remaining population of the Kalinago, who are part of the

island's 74, 900 inhabitants.

Kiribati

This Pacific island country 33 coral islands is 313 square-miles, but it's the only

country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres (

半球

). The country's 109, 000

residents live in only 2 of the islands see this tropical paradise before it is no

longer--rising seas are threatening to swallow the country whole.

1

、

Which country has the smallest population?

A

．

Sao Tome and Principe.

B

．

San Marin.

C

．

Dominica.

D

．

Kiribati.

2

、

What can one see in both San Marino and Dominica?

A

．

Volcanoes.

B

．

World heritage sites.

C

．

Views of the Caribbean.

D

．

Waterfalls.

3

、

Which is true of Kiribati?

A

．

It is rich in biodiverse species.

B

．

It is surrounded by Italy.

C

．

It is home to the Kalinago.

D

．

It is disappearing.

24．（8分）

Kincaid looked at his watch: eight-seventeen. The truck started on

the second try, and he backed out, shifted gears, and moved slowly down the alley under

hazy sun. Through the streets of Bellingham he went, heading south on Washington 11,

running along the coast of Puget Sound for a few miles, then following the highway as it

swung east a little before meeting U.S Route 20.

Turning into the sun, he began the long, winding drive through the Cascades. He

liked this country and felt unpressed stopping now and then to make notes about

interesting possibilities for future expeditions or to shoot what he called “memory

snapshots.” The purpose of these causal photographs was to remind him of places he

might want to visit again and approach more seriously. In later afternoon he turned

north at Spokane, picking up U.S. Route 2, which would take him halfway across the

northern United States to Duluth, Minnesota.

He wished for the thousandth time in his life that he had a dog, a golden retriever,

maybe ,for travels like this and to keep him company at home. But he was frequently

away; overseas much of the time and it would not be fair to the animal. Still, he thought

about it anyway. In a few years he would be getting too old for the hard fieldwork. “I

must get a dog then.” He said to himself.

Drives like this always put him into a sentimental mood. The dog was part of it.

Robert Kincaid was alone as it’s possible to be—an only child, parents both dead,

distant relatives who had lost track of him and he of them, no close friends.

He thought about Marian. She had left him nine years ago after five years of

marriage. He was fifty-two now, that would make her just under forty. Marian had

dreams of becoming a musician, a folksinger. She knew all of the Weavers’ songs and

sang them pretty well in the coffeehouse of Seattle. When he was home in the old days,

he drove her to the shows and sat in the audience while she sang.

His long absences—two or three months sometimes—were hard on the marriage.

He knew that. She was aware of what he did when they decided to get married, and both

of them had a vague sense that it could all be handled somehow. It couldn’t when he

came from photographing a story in Iceland and she was gone. The note read, “Robert,

it didn’t work out. I left you the Harmony guitar. Stay in touch.”

He didn’t stay in touch. Neither did she. He signed the divorce papers when they

arrived a year later and caught a plane for Australia the next day. She had asked for

nothing except her freedom.

1

、

Which route is the right one taken by Kincaid?

A

．

Bellingham—Washington 11—Puget Sound—U.S Route 20—U.S Route 2—Duluth

B

．

U.S. Route 2—Bellingham—Washington 11—Puget Sound—U.S Route 20—Duluth

C

．

U.S. Route 2—U.S Route 20—Duluth –Bellingham—Washington 11

D

．

Bellingham—Washington 11—U.S. Route 2—U.S Route 20—Duluth

2

、

Which statement is true according to the passage?

A

．

Kincaid’s parents were dead and he only kept in touch with some distant relatives.

B

．

Kincaid would have had a dog if he hadn’t been away from home too much.

C

．

Kincaid used to have a golden retriever.

D

．

Kincaid needed a dog in doing his hard fieldwork.

3

、

Why did Kincaid stop to take photos while driving?

A

．

To write “memory snapshots”

B

．

To remind himself of places he might want to visit again.

C

．

To avoid forgetting the way back.

D

．

To shoot beautiful scenery along the road.

4

、

What can you know about Marian?

A

．

She died after five years of marriage.