2024年4月11日发(作者：)

语法精讲：被动语态用法全解

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，

动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词用被动语态。

一、被动语态的构成

被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。

时态

一般现在时

一般过去时

一般将来时

现在进行时

过去进行时

现在完成时

过去完成时

过去将来时

动词的被动形式

am/is/are done

was/were done

will be done

am/is/are

being done

was/were

being done

have/has

been done

had been done

would be done

例句

He is asked to do this.

The story was told by her mother.

The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

The bridge is being built.

At that time the desk was being repaired.

The house has been built.

They said that their work had been

finished.

He said the trees would be planted soon.

二、主动形式表示被动意义

1．有些动词如write，read，sell，wash等，既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，

但当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用表示主语的内在品质或性能时是不及物

动词，用主动形式表示被动意义。

The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。

The new product sells well.这个新产品很畅销。

2．系动词如feel，look，seem，taste，sound，remain等，一般用主动形式表示

被动意义。

The material feels very soft.这种材料摸起来很软。

The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来味道很好。

3．不及物动词或不及物动词短语如appear，die，disappear，end, fail, happen, last,

lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart，

take place等，没有被动语态。

The war broke out in 1886.那场战争爆发于1886年。

4．表示状态的动词，如lack，fit，mean，hold，have，contain，resemble等，

不用于被动语态。

Jane resembles Lucy.简长得像露西。

误：Lucy is resembled by Jane.

5．动词need，require，want和be worth后可加．v.-ing的主动形式表示被动意

义。

My watch doesn't work；it needs repairing.

我的手表坏了，需要修理。

This film is really worth seeing.这部电影的确值得看。

6．在“主语＋谓语(系动词)＋表语(形容词)＋ to do”结构中，句子的主语与动

词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形

式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult ，important,

impossible, interesting, heavy等。

The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。

It is impossible to prove.这件事无法证实。

Do you think the water is safe to drink?

你认为这水喝着安全吗？

三、不能用于被动语态的动词(短语)

1．不及物动词或短语不能用于被动语态，如：come true，consist of, take place,

happen, become, rise, occur, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, exist, fail, succeed, agree

with, belong to, have on, keep up with, lose heart等。

This room belongs to me.这房子属于我。

2．表示状态的动词：benefit，cost，contain，equal，fit，have, lack, last, mean, seem,

resemble, suit, look like等也不能用于被动语态。