2024年3月31日发(作者：)

绝不：by no means under no circumstances in no case on no occasion

考虑：take·into consideration account think about make allowance(s) for sth

由于/因为：insomuch as ·

as· since now that

because for the reason /occasion that

be owed to

result from

in that be attributed to be ascribed to

arise from/out of · by occasion of sth

影响：exert a profound/far-reaching impact on

就我而言： so/as far as I am concerned as far as my knowledge is concerned

就··而言：As far as ·is concerned In terms of· In case of·

别无选择我，只能·· ： have no alternative but·

众所周知：It is universally acknowledged that· It is well- known to all that ·

is well-known to all,·

只有··才能·· ： Only by doing·could sb do·

大： big

正如常言所说：（just）as the saying/proverb goes ...

一定会：be bound /determined /guaranteed/certain to do

As

掌握： have a grasp /command of sth

正在：be under way=be on the point /course of =be about to=be on the verge of

听说：hear of sth

变得惊慌：get into a panic

取得进展：make progress in doing sth advance in step forwards

课程：compulsary/selective subject 必修课/选修课

婉转的说：to put it mildly

对··的瘾：addiction to

接触: reach out to / have access to… be exposed to expose sb to..

树立··的榜样：cultivate the ·example for sb

即·· ：namely

有/承担··的义务：assume the responsibility of shoulder be responsible for

阻止：hold back prevent sb from doing sth

put a check on sth

keep sb away from doing sth hinder

intercept sth deflect sb from doing sth avert sth

在内心深处：in one’s heart of hearts in the cockles of the heart

表示数量的词

1.少数几个：a few +n(c,pl) 2.没几个，否定含义：few +n(c,pl)

3.少量： a little + n(u)

4.没多少，表否定：little +n(u)

很多a lot of/lots of+n(c,pl/u)

5.很多much +n(u) 6.很多many +n(c,pl) 7.

8.大量：a great /good deal of +n(u) 9.少量 a bit of +n(c,pl/u) 10.大量：an/a great/a

large abundance of+(c,pl/u)

11.大量：an/a large amount of+n(u) 12. a great many+n(c,pl) 13.大量: a great many

of 冠词/物主代词/所有格 +n(c,pl)

14.大量: a plenty of=plenties of+ n(c,pl/u)

16.许多：many a+n(c,sing.)

15. 大量：a large number of + n(c,pl)

17.足够的：ample + n.(c,pl/u.)

sufficient+n(c,pl/u)

18.无数的： numerous +n.(c,pl) 19.足够的：

20.无数的：countless +n(c,pl)

的花费：astronomical cost

21. a variety of +n(c,pl) +n(c,pl) 23.天文数字

大多数情况下： in most cases on most occasions in the normal course of·

事情并非如此：It is not the case that

一··就··,刚··就·： soon as …,… 时态无所谓 scarcely had sb done than did ·

had sb done when+ past tense

done than did

had no sooner done than did sooner had sb

had hardly done than did moment +n(如his arrival 他的到来),…

常识：common sense

为了：in order to…/so as to…/for the sake of…

非常：most/exceedingly/tremendously/rather/extraordinarily/considerably/fabulously

随之时间的流逝：with the passage of time,…

随着…的积累：as …begin to accumulate

反对/打击：be opposed to do=object to do disagree dispute that… remonstrate

with sb about sth

Protest that…/aginst…

disapprove of…

show disapproving attitude raise one’s voice aginst

dissent from… frown in…=oppose (doing) sth /fight aginst

实现：realize =bring about(带来)=lead up to

显而易见的/明显的：obvious apparent evident manifest

distinct

doubtlesstransparent

深入理解：have (further) insight into..

丰富阅历/开阔视野：enrich one’s experience

one’s outlook

widen one’s horizon expand

昂贵的：costly expensive dear luxurious

机会垂青有准备的人：chances only favour those who are ready/prepared

引起/导致：bring about/forth give rise to raise cause lead up to

incur(招致) be to blame for

prompt

Result in arouse(唤起人的··)=evoke=call forth=awake

attention(引起关注)

occasion compel one’s

恰恰相反：on the contray,… …,but it is just opposite that…

相比之下：by /in contrast ,… by comparision,… compare to/with…

科学发展观：view of scientific development

可持续发展 sustainable/sustained development

广告：commercial advertisement

迫切的：urgent pressing insistent

戏剧的：theatrical

生活质量：quality of life=life quality

…的原因是…（表语从句）:The reason why …is that…

在…的背景下…:under the background of…

纳税人：taxpayer

孝心：filial piety /obedience

诚信：credit and honest

误入歧途：go astray stray into sth

金钱至上：mony-oriented

毫无：haven’t the slightest+n.

遭到/面临…：meet with+abstract n. confront(面临) face sth

in the face of sth encounter

(遇到困难，邂逅某人) run into sb(巧遇) come across(遇到)

be face with

袖手旁观：turn a blind eye to… stand by and…

受..引诱：be tempted/fascinated/lured/attracted by….

temptation be intoxicated by

Be interested in fall into

Be absorbed in

吸引：appeal to../attract…/tempt…/fascinate…/lure…/capture one’s heart/draw one’s

attention /magnetize/engage

Mesmerize/captivate

沉迷于: be addicted to…/abandon oneself to…/be hooked on…/be intoxicated by/be

indulged in/revel in

与…有关： be associated to/related to/connected with/involved in/concerned

with/link up with/bound up with

Concerning A…:关于A，考虑到A。

与B有关的A

A concerning（prep） B:名词性质，关于B的A/

在于：lie in… rest with/on… be determined by… depend on.

壮丽、壮观：majestic splendid magnificent grand awesome spectacular gorgeous

prodigious resplendent

对..无意见：have no ideal about have no voice with neutral=impartial(中立的)

有利的：advantageous beneficial useful favourable

拒绝：decline(婉言谢绝) reject refuse

超过：surpass overtake transcend

overwhelm

exceed outweigh excel at eclipse

克服：overcome surmount bridge the …gap

不言而喻…:It goes without saying that…

是…的时候了：It’s hight time that sb did…

审查（员）：censor(n./v.) censorship 审查制

强调：accentuate emphasize lay emphasis on… highlight stress punctuate

作总结：to conclude/summarize/sum up

in all,…

In conclusion/summary/ a word,.. all

To draw a conclusion we can draw/come to a conclusion that…

交通堵塞： traffic jam

成功： blossom into success sth blossom succeed in doing make a success

of

在…的情况下/如果…：on the condition that…

in case of…

if…

provided/providing/supposed/supposing (that)…

in the background of…

under the circumstances that…

…(例如weather天气允许)permitting,…

发源：orgin source

derive from

cradle(摇篮) sth stem from… sth can be traced back to…

在…的过程中：be in the course/process of…

最终：finally eventually in the course of time ultimately at last

有可能会： be on course for sth/to do sth

be certain /sure to do/that(定会)

be likely to do… be bound to do(定会)

Stand a chance of (doing) sth(有可能会成功…)

花费：It/sth costs/cost sb …(to do) sb spend…on (doing)sth

It takes

sb…to do sb expend..in/on sb/(doing) sth

cost outlay

n. spending expense expenditure

计划生育：family planning/birth control>one child policy(oral)

增加/促进/提高：enhance improve raise increase elevate

reinforce ascend

promote strengthen

stimulate intensify(加强) boost prompt propel

上升：go up

increase soar(骤升) boom(价值骤升) ascend rise grow

escalate rocket(骤升)

下降：decline decrease(drastically/steeply)

dip dwindle plunge(骤降)

go down drop sink fall descend

Plummet(骤降) on the downwards trend abate

减少/降低：decrease descend dip lower lessen

保持平稳: level out/off at reach a plateau of(上升到..后平稳) remain steady/stable

到达最高点：reach the peak/highest point of peak at scale the…

当事人：party parties in action litigant client

与事情相关的人 person/party concerned interested parties

目击人：witness person on the spot

偏见/歧视：n. bias prejudice favoritism adj. biased prejudiced

歧视：point a contempt finger on…

on look down upon

defy despise scorn pour/heap scorn

Disregard discriminate aginst(反义词：in favour of)

忽视：overlook ignore neglect lose the sight of turn a blind eye to

笔记本电脑：laptop portable computer

以防…: … in case… ….lest… …for fear that…

认为/表示： consider assume point out that…

reckon claim suggest(暗示)

indicate(暗示)

imply (暗示)

register(暗示) affirm（断言） assert（断

言） argue believe in avow(声明)

Think

cling to(坚信) persist in(坚信) insist on(坚信) stick to(坚信)

persevere to/with（坚信）

Maintain(坚信) proclaim(显示) depict(描绘)

the opinion of…

illustrate(显示) manifest(明示) be of

方式方法：manner avenue pattern way means

method solution resolution

approach access to…

As a last resort(最后的解决方案)

风俗习惯：manners and customs convention

习惯于/适应： be/get used to doing

accustomed to (doing) sth

be adapted to… be adjusted to… be

be oriented to… sb adjust/accustom/adapt oneself to…

和睦相处：get on (well) with sb get along with sb very well

调解，协调:coordinate reconcile

执行/贯彻：implement

enforce carry out execute measure be taken by

conduct perform fullfil(l)

不可避免的/坚定不移的：inescapable (不免)

inevitable(不免) ineluctable(不免)

unshakeable（不移）

inextricable(不免) irreplaceable（不可替换）

irresistible(不免)

Unavoidable (不免) imperative(不免)

因此：hence

therefore

so that as a result/consequence consequently

thus granted(that)

舒适的：agreeable enjoyable comfortable cozy

跨国公司：multi-national/transnational firm

既然：saying that now that since

然而/却：nevertheless whereas but however while

下决心：determine to do decide to do make up one’s mind to do

有助于：account for(解释..的原因) contribute to… do good to… be beneficial

to…

喜欢：be knee on…

fancy

be interested in… be fond of… be a fans of…(oral)

would rather do…

Prefer to do prefer doing to doing

avid interest in.. favour

be into…(oral) be passionate take an

有害/损害：do harm to

inflict harm on sb

be harmful/grievous/detrimental to pose threat to

Endanger

shatter

jeopardize ruin destroy damage injure demolish(灭)

(粉碎) undermine（削弱） counteract（削弱，抵消） Worsen（削弱）

devastate（灭）

努力…：spare no effort to do strike a blow for struggle for make great

/every/concerted effort/endeavour to do

Take pains to do strain every nerve to do do one’s utmost to do

令人愤怒的:annoying irritating maddening outrageous provoking

高度赞扬:speak highly of… heap praise on sb/sth praise sb/sth

坐落/位于/放置：situate/locate sth in somewhere

somewhere

sth be situated/located in

推迟：put off delay defer postpone

当做：refer to sb as… view sth as… regard sb as… consider sb to be…

deem sth as…

显示：reveal illustrate unfold indicate describe display

depict present register show proclaim

趋势：trend tendency

倍数：times folds

%1的表达方法：one out of one hundred one in (every) one hundred

1000个人中不到2个人：not two out of one thousand

大约：adv. Roughly about around approximately nearly in

neighborhood of more or less some+figure

超过：(just) over above more than

不到：(just)under below less/fewer than

从…之后：from+年份+on wards from then on thereafter afterwards

占据：account for occupy take up cover

the

小气的/自私的：self-interested

mean

selfish be stingy/mean with… narrow-minded

照顾/照看/处理：attend to take care of look after keep an eye on

考虑到：(关于)concerning…,… （句首用

consideration/account

taking或to take）take…into

Considering…,… make allowance(s) for sth

仔细考虑：cogitate

about/on… think about…

muse

contemplate… meditate

deliberatebe lost in thought/lose oneself in thought

appeal to resort ..to

ponder (over)…

归因于（因为）：sb attribute/ascribe/owe sth1 to sth2

sth2 account for sth1 owe sth1 to sth2

sth1 be …/…/… to sth2

经得起推敲：hold water bear much analysis forcible cogent

代表：on behalf of represent symbolize stand for exemplify

形象:image features perception profile

取决于…/根据…:in terms of…,…

line with on basis of

according to…,… In accordance with…/… in

Rest on/with depend on lie on/in with reference to… hang on sth…

暗示/意味着：mean doing imply signify suggest indicate

同时：meanwhile at the same/mean time

同意/支持：be in favour of

sustain one’s claim that…

approve of agree with advocate back up

Give strong backing to stand by sth

endorsement to comply with

concur in doing/with sth endorse=give

Accede to sth embrace sth have faith in sth/sb相信 support

观点：opinion view point viewpoint

favourable to standpoint outlook

point of view contention be

Attitude of mind conception

当做/认作：regard sth as

as identify sb with sth

consider sth (to be) sth refer to sth as perceive sth

View sth as

致命的：deadly fatal lethal mortal

毫无价值的：worthless valueless meaningless pointless vain useless vainly=in

vain徒劳的

很有价值：invaluable valuable priceless meaningful

举例：taking…as exaples to illustrate the best illustration is …

example/instance

同样的,…: by the same token,… vice versa,…(反之亦然)

专家：expert specialist professional

高等教育：post secondary education

单向交流：one-way communication

应试教育/素质教育：exam-oriented education/quality education

义务教育：compulsory education

社交：socialize with get on (well) with

暴动：rebellion turbulence riot violent disturbance uprising

镇压：suppress repress put down

领域：field realm area

for

(起义)

着手做/开始：set out to do

embark on begin/start to do(一次性动作)

intobegin/start doing(指动作在过去某时间点开始，并已经持续一段时间) take up enter

launch out into commence get down to set out to do=set to doing

构成/组成: A is made up of/composed of/ made of/from B A由B组成

A comprise of/consist of/constitute of/include B A由B组成

禁止：prohibit sb from doing/sb’s doing sth

interdict sb from doing ban

forbid sb from doing/to do

被困住，遭遇：be tied up in…

by /in be caught in

be held up in… be stuck by/in… be delayed

成年人：adult grown-up

老人：aged people elderly old people past-wealth-builder

保护：protect preserve conserve keep sb away/free from sth

sb/sth prevent sb from doing safeguard

shield sb/sth from

欣喜若狂：be wild with joy run into rapture

倾向于：be inclined to do tend/trend to do

rather do be prone to do(坏事)

be disposed to prefer would

Apt to do

激励/激发：stimulate spur inspire motivate

泄露：let out betray break sth to sb denounce sb as…

复杂的:comlex(结构) complicated profound perplexing(难懂) intricate

易变的：changeful changeable fickle-minded

variable volatile mercurial

inconstant=unconstant mutable

多样的：various assort diverse a variety of

持久的：permanent

eternal

enduring durable lasting ever-lasting

deathless perpetual abiding

对付/处理：tackle handle deal with cope with solve resolve

起…的作用/扮演…的觉色：play a role of serve a purpose as

利用:utilize make (full) use of take advantage of avail oneself of sth

事实上/实际上：actually as a matter of fact in fact virtually

受益/获利：benefit/profit from

折磨/使痛苦：torture torment afflict languish(受折磨)

公益广告：public service advertisement non-profit advertisement

优点：merit advantage strength strong point virtue predominance asset

缺点：shortcoming drawback disadvantage weakness defect flaw weak

point vulnerable point vulnerability demerit

站不住脚的/有争议的：disputable lame groundless untenable

ambiguous unbelievable unreliable

flimsy

Incredible tangential(离题的) equivocal

方面/角度：from… aspect/perspective/respect

当今的/最近：In this day and age In present/contemporary society

recent nowadays

current

杰出的/着名的：well-known famous renowned

distinguished remarkable notable

outstanding celebrated

Reputable prominent household name（家喻户晓的名字）

脆弱的:vulnerable fragile weak frail flimsy brittle faint

乐意/主动/情愿做：be willing/ready to do…

offer to do volunteer to do

do sth voluntarily/on a voluntary basis

Be disposed to do do…out of one’s accord

勉强/不愿做：grudge(doing) sth

do…grudgingly

be reluctant to do sth do…reluctantly

剧烈运动：strenuous exercise

热点话题：a hot topic(of discussion) a hotly debated topic

立法：vi. Legislate vt. Legislate aginst…(立法，以控制…) enact a law launch a law

后代：offspring descendant next generation later generation posterity

屈服/遵守：obey

give in

observe comply with submit oneself to be submissive to

yield(a step) to sb

Succumb to sb be obedient to follow hew to abide by

容忍/忍耐：endure tolerate bear stand abide

not abide(无法忍受)

hold with put up with can

强迫/被迫：enforce sth force/compel/constrain/oblige sb to do

do coerce sb into doing

sb be …ed to

Impose /obtrude sth on/upon sb

生效: go/come into force/effect take effect

名望/声誉：reputation renown fame prominence

集中(注意力等)/关心，担心/致力于：concentrate (one’s attention) on

attention to focus on specialize in

pay

=concentrate one’s effort on=be dedicated/devoted to=dedicate/devote oneself to

worry about(担心，动作)

be worried about（担心，状态） sth concern sb(使某人担

心)

改变/转化：change

convert sth into

alter sth vary according to…(某物因…而异) modify

sth be converted into sb convert to sth(改变观点，信仰)

switch sth switch over to sth convert sb to sth transform

Shif sth(from)…to… sth1vary with sth2(sth1因为sth2而异)

诽谤/诋毁/侮辱：vt. calumniate n. libel

affront 侮辱 vt. humiliate 侮辱

n. scandal vt./n. slander vt./n.

n. indignity 侮辱 n./vt. Insult 侮辱 n. shame 侮辱 vt. Decry 诋毁 vt.

Bespatter 诋毁 vt. Vilipend

相对：relative comparative

除此之外/更有甚者/而且：to crown it all,…

more in addition(to sth)

further more moreover what is

Besides additional apart from except for…(若不是)

激发/刺激/促进：activate sb to do

sb/sth inspire sb to do

motivate sb to do stimulate sb/sth spur

粗鲁的/残忍的：crude rude cruel barbaric=barbarous

merciless

fierce violent vicious

自大的/自负的：portentous ambitious

boastful conceited overconfident

arrogant aggressive radical(激进的)

Pretentious

伪造/篡改：misrepresent(曲解)=distort sophisticate fabricate counterfeit

concoct fake feign bastardize

forge

故意的/蓄意的：do sth on purpose/deliberately

偶尔/几乎不：adj. occasional adv. On occasion=occasionally

Rarely (ever) once in a while/way

adv. Seldom adv.

偶然/碰巧/意外的：accidentally=by accident

casually by chance

coincidentally=by coincidence

chance randomly happen to do=It (so) happen that…

to do It chanced that…

招惹/激怒： incur sth ger a rise out of sb irritate sb provoke

outrage=enrage exasperate madden

认为..理所当然：take it for granted that…

不言而喻：It goes without saying that… needless to say,…

援引：quote cite invoke addule(引证)

奇怪的/古怪的：strange peculiar odd eccentric

fantastic abnormal

whimsical queer weird

发光/闪耀：flash flicker

twinkle sparkle glance

glint glisten

shine

gleam glitter glow blink

Wink coruscate flare

减轻/减弱/缓和:alleviate(压力和痛苦) relieve lessen lighten(减轻) weaken（减

弱） ease mitigate defuse(缓和局势,拆弹) moderate

消除/根除：eliminate dispose of sth

annihilate shatter

eradicate exterminate root sth/sb out

拆除：demolish=tear down(建筑) detach(拆分) defuse(拆除爆炸物)

打击/使泄气：frustrate disappoint deflate demoralize

疗法：remedy therapy

(用规则条例)管理/使规范化：regulate

吹嘘/夸大/奉承：trumpet sth as sth

about/over sth boast(吹嘘)

exaggerate(夸张) overstate(夸张) crow

Adulation(n.吹捧) flatter(奉承，较常用)

swagger

fawn upon(奉承) blow sth up(夸大)

承认：recognize

sth as… concede

admit acknowledge（公认） confess(坦白，交代) accept

浪费/挥霍：squander spend sth lavishly

dissipate splurge sth on sth

lavish sth upon sth/sb waste

标准/规范：norm criteria criterion standard yardstick benchmark

规则/规章/纪律：discipline(纪律)

stipulation

norm regulation rule provision prescript

肤浅的：superficial shallow tangential skin-deep injudicious

沮丧的/郁闷的：dejected disappointed frustrated depressed gloomy

虐待：abuse maltreat ill-treat mishandle misuse mistreat

太…以至于… ：so +adj.+that…

太…而不能…: too+adj.+to…

再…也不为过: sb can not/never have too many sth (sb 有再多的sth也不为过 新概念3)

sb can not be too +adj.(sb再…也不为过)

吓人/惊吓/恫吓：scare

sb(with sth) startle

frighten deter(震慑) threaten intimidate surprise

shock terrify take sb aback throw sb panic(使惊慌)

confound into consternation

害怕/不敢/畏惧/担心：dare not to do=do not dare to do

I (am) worried about be concerned about

fear be afraid of/that

in dread of be in fear of

do…with dread

dread (doing) sth/sb doing sth dread to think(不敢想象)

venture to suggest(小心提醒)

recoil in horror(吓得退缩，recoil本来指枪械的后作用力)

Recoil from (doing) sth/ sb be frightened to do/of doing sth

猛地：suddenly all of a sudden

with a start abruptly v.(动作)+plump

（<-adv.）+ prep.(方位)

Plump(v.)+prep with a jerk(n.) jerk（v.）+prep.(方位)

可怕的/令人恐惧的：fearful awful dreadful frightening terrible bloody(血腥的)

horrible terrifying scary(口语常用) bloodcurdling hair-raising(毛骨悚然的，

这个词真的很形象哦^_^)

Nightmare(n.梦魇) nightmarish hoffific ghastly

冒…的风险/以…为代价：do sth at the risk/cost of…

venture sth1 on sth2(以牺牲sth1为代价做sth2)

run/take risk

risk (doing) sth to do

noting ventured ,noting gained

（不入虎穴焉得虎子） without taking risks(不冒风险)

Take a chance (on sth)

sth1为代价做sth2)

sacrifice sth1/sth1 be sacrificed on the alter of sth2 (以牺牲

传奇般的/了不起的：legendary marvelous miraculous

极好的/引人入胜的：fantastic

marvelous

resplendent

extraordinary

gorgeous spectacular amazing tremendous

splendiferous wonderful excellent brilliant

假的/伪造的: fake spurious artificial counterfeit pseudo feigned supposititious

false imitative fraudulent

真的：genuine true(事实，真相) real authentic

欺骗:deceive sb (into doing) (骗某人做某事)

(out) of sth(骗某人的东西)

fraud （n.诈骗；骗子） cheat sb

Cheat sb into the belief that….(骗某人去相信…)

swindle sb out of sth

=dupe sb into doing

Take in sb take advantage of sb(利用某人) defraud sb of sth

评估/估计/期望: estimate assess sth at +figure(具体数字) evaluate(评价，不能用于物品

估价) reckon(估计，期望)

Expect anticipate suppose appraise value(估价)

预言/预计：foretell

prophecy(n.预言)

foresee forecast predict expect anticipate

prophet(预言家)

Prophesy(v.预言)

重要的/根本的/实质的：important significant

substantial essential pivotal

be of vital importance/significance

momentous staple critical crucial

动机/目标/成因：motive(动机)

driving force(驱动力，动机)

motivation(动机) incentive(动机)

purpose（目inducement(动机) intention(动机)

标）

object=objective（目标） for the sake（目标） of… goal（目标）

end （fml.目pursuit（追求，目标） ideal（目标） aim（目标） target（目标）

标）

经历/经过：experience undergo go through(经历) get through(通过)

受…困扰/蒙受：be plagued/assailed/persecuted/tormented/totured/bothered by…

be afflicted with… suffer(from)… sustain sth

义务/责任：obligation

commitment onus duty responsibility liability

贪婪：greed(n.)

源：“丘比特”)

greedy(adj.) avarice(n.)

rapacity(n.)

avaricious(adj.) cupidity(n. 词

rapacious(adj.)

报仇/报复：avenge/revenge oneself(复仇者) on sb(仇人)

sb1 (复仇者)be revenged on sb2（仇人）

avenge sth(为某事复仇)

take one’s(复仇者) revenge on sb（仇人）

合适的/适当的/可行的：viable(可行)

workable(可行) proper(适当)

feasible(可行) practicable=practical(可行)

Appropriate(适当)

be suitable for(合适) moderate（合适的） fit(v. 适合)

likely(合适) apt(合适的)

Felicitous（适当） corresponding(合适的，对应的)

证明/证明…有道理: prove sth be proved to be sth/sb prove a+n.(结果

是…)=sth/sb turn out to be demonstrate testify about/aginst…(就…作证)=attest

verify(核实) justify(证明…有道理)

certify(证实)

authenticate sth.(证明…是真的)

warrant(证明..有道理)

保证/确保：guarantee(n./v.保证)

assure(使确信，使放心)

guarantee (v.)to do…/that…/sth ensure(确保)

Secure sth(保障获得某物) make sure vouch for sb/sth(为…作担保)

调查/查明：inquire(Am.)/enquire(Eng.) into sth

into sth examine ionto sth.

investigate sth take inquiries

Survey

research into sth look into scan(仔细检查，扫描) ascertain(查明)

find out(查明)

惩罚：punish sb with /by sth1 for doing sth2=penalize(因sth2 而用sth1来惩罚sb)

Inflict + 刑罚的名称 （施加…惩罚） corporal punishment(体罚)

capital punishment(死刑，形象的理解为“断头刑”)

=chastisement

批评/训斥/责备：criticize

castigate blame

reprimand scold condemn chastise

reproach sb with/by sth1 for (doing) sth2. reproach oneself(自责)

rebuke(n./v.) censure(n./v.) call sb off(口语常用) criticism(n.批评)

denounce

仪器/设备/装置：instrument(仪器)

device(设备)

appliance（仪器/设备）

facility(设备)

apparatus(仪器)

equipment(装置/设备) installation(设备，还有名词安

装的意思)

延长（空间上）/推迟（时间上）/耽误：prolong （doing） sth(时间)

elongate(空间 fml)

stretch（空间）

Protract(时间) sb be held up in…/hold sb up in(耽误)

postpone(推迟) extend(空间)

delay(耽误，推迟)

Defer(推迟)

（时间）

put off(推迟) lengthen(时间或空间) temporize(时间) respite

认出/识别出/区分/不同：identify(识别)

tell sth1 from sth2(区分)

distinguish（区分） spot(发现/认出)

Differentiate(区分)

和B)

tell apart(区分) make a distinction between A and B(区分 A

disparate(不同)

person/individual to

be different/distinct/dissimilar from …(与..不同)

variant(不同的) sth vary from diverse(多样的)

person/individual(sth 因人而异) differ(v.) from(不同)

分开/分离/隔离/离开：separate

leave for…(离开去…)

set apart(分开，留出) depart from…(从…离开)

Isolate(隔离，孤立) split(sth) into…(分裂成…/把sth分离) split from/with sb=break

sever(断绝) off=part(v.) from sb (与sb分手/绝交)

divide sth into （将sth 划分为）

part sb from sb(隔离) separately（分别做…【不能用respectively,respectively表示各自是

多少。】）

渴望/想…: be

sth

avid for sth long for sth be eager to do…/for sth thirst for

aspire after yearn for

发誓/誓言：oath

某事)

pledge promise(n./v.)

pledge oneself to sth(发誓会做

be worn to promise to do/that pledge that…

vow(n.誓言)

swear to do/that… sb

secrecy(sb发誓保密) vow to do/that…

Take/make an oath that… make/give a promise that…

忠实/忠诚：loyal give allegiance to(衷心于…)

faithful to dutiful sincere （真挚的)

in good faith(真诚地) be

fidelity devoted dedicated

回忆/回想：recall(回想起)

recollect(想起) in retrospect,…(回首往事，…)

do…retrospectively(做…来找回过去的感觉)

call sth to mind

bring back one’s memory of(把某人带回

think back to… 到…的记忆中去) remember

缺乏：be short/destitute of…

devoid of…

be deficient in… lack(in)…

scarce(adj.) be

be be pressed for+time/capital(缺乏时间/资金)

be wanting in… be lacking in…

want for sth

insufficient of…

The + 缺乏 n.+ of…（…的缺乏）： n.: destitution

scarceness insufficiency

lack deficiency shortage

违反/违背：violate

n./v.)

break offend(侵犯) deviate from…(背离…) breach(违反

In contravention of…

commit+罪名（犯…罪） depart from sth(背离) act/go

against run counter to

Disobey infringe transgress(越轨)

奉献/贡献：devote

to

dedicate donate contribute to make contribution

突破点/转折点：breakthrough (突破点)

折点)

破)

milestone=milepost(转折点、里程碑)

mark a turning point in sth(标志着sth的转

break(v.) through=pierce through (突

绑架/劫持：abduct(vi.)

duress(fml)

kidnap(vt.) hijack(v./n.) hold sth under

阴谋：plot(v.)/conspire(v.)

(with sb) /(against sb) conspiracy(n.) plot(n.)

intrigue(n.) intrigue(v)… machination(n.)

可怜的/值得同情的：pitiful pathetic miserable wretched poor humble(卑微的)

传播/散布：transmit

思想等 diffuse

spread disseminate disperse promulgate+观点/

propagate

困窘的/丢脸的：embarrassed

shameful(丢脸的，定语)

embarrassing(令人尴尬的) abashed awkward

ashamed(丢脸的，表语)

突袭/突击：assault (n./v.)

invade=intrude(入侵)

assail(n./v.) raid(n./v.) attack(n./v.)

给/上交：submit

render confer present administer impart

supply(提供)

give

bestow deliver sth to sb

turn over hand over

offer(提供) provide(提供)

vouchsafe

hand in

呈现/展现出：take on (a new look) (展现出新面貌) present assume

授权：empower sb to do authorize entitle

连…都，更不用说…：…,let alone +... …,to say noting of …

窒息: be choked/ choke(vi./vt.) be asphyxiated

十足的/名副其实的：veritable

时期/阶段/纪元：time times(pl.,历史阶段)

stage period phase era