2024年3月15日发(作者：)
高级中学课本
英语新世纪版
NEW CENTURY ENGLISH
高中二年级第一学期
(试用本)
CONTENTS
Module Unit Page
Reading &
Additional Reading
Structures
Unit 1
Eating Around
Module
the
World
One
Unit 2
Food and
Global Drinks
Drink
Module Unit 3
Two Sports Heroes
Unit 4
Sports Around
Sports
the
World
Module
Three
Unit 5
Animals
1-12
Food in the United States The Present Participle (1)
The World's Best Ethnic Foods As an Adverbial
13-25
The Global Drink
Coffee
The Mexican
Pele
The Present Participle (2)
As an Attributive
The Present Participle (3):
As a Predicative or as an
Object Complement
The Present Participle (4)
Perfect Form & Passive
Form
The Infinitive (1)
The Continuous Form &
the Perfect Form
The Infinitive (2)
The Passive Form
The Past Participle (1)
As an Adverbial or as an
Attributive
The Past Participle (2)
As a Predicative or as an
Object Complement
26-39
40-53
The Olympics
Stars from the South
54-67
Why Did I Quit Hunting?
Jane Good all
Oceans under Threat
What Is Forestry?
Shopping in the States
Henry Adams' Shoes
What Is Advertising?
Three Advertisements
Unit 6
Our Earth The
Environment
Module
Four
Buying
ant
Selling
Functions
Unit 7
Shopping
Experiences
Unit 8
Advertising
68 -78
79-93
94-104
105-117 Appendix Vocabulary
Listening & Speaking Writing Study Tasks
Skills
Talking about Food
(Recipes, Popularity,
etc.)
Expressing and
Responding to
Hospitality
Eating in a Chinese
Restaurant
Preserved Food
Favourite Foods
At the Restaurant
Paragraph
Organization
(1):
Chronologica
Order
Introducing a Recipe
Discussing Ways of
Getting Together in
China
Expressing Positive
Opinions
Expressing Negative
Opinions
Pubs in England
A Variety of Drinks
Drinks on Different
Occasions
Conducting an
Interview
to Find out People's
Preferences on Drinks
Reference
Having a Debate on
Relation-
the
ships
Global Drink for the
21 st
Century-- Coffee or
Tea
Describing an
Exciting
Match
Talking About a
Sports
Hero
Bowling
A Welt-known Gymnast
An Exciting Basketball
Game
A Sports Hero
Narrative
Paragraph
Describing an Exciting
Football Game
Talking about Sports
Talking about One's
Sports in Canada
Interests or
My Favourite Sport
Preferences
Popular Sports in China
Talking about
Scoring
Describing Animals
Telling and Retelling
a
Story
Reporting
Describing an
Key
Unforgettable Sports
Words
Event
Elephants
Giant Pandas
Animal and Man
Expository
Paragraph
Describing an
Endangered
Animal
Discussing and
Reporting
on the Causes of
Extinction
Talking about
Environ-
Our Endangered Planet
mental Protection
Protecting the
Describing Changes
Environment
in
the Environment
Making Suggestions
Bargaining
How to Start Internet
Shopping
Doing Research and
Meaning- Reporting on the
ful Change
Clusters in the Suzhou Creek in
Shanghai
Surveying to Find out
People's Different
Paragraph
Organization
Buying and Paying Internet Shopping
Buying and Bargaining
(2): Spatial
Order
Shop-
ping Habits
Reporting and
Presenting
the Findings to the
Class
Describing
Advertisements
Recommending
Some-thing to a
Customer
Persuading Someone
to Buy
Advertising
Becoming a More
Reasonable
Consumer
Advertisements
Creating an
Advertisement
for a New Brand of a
Suggested Product
Module One
Food and Drink
Unit 1
EATING
AROUND THE
WORLD
HIGHLIGHTS
Theme
Eating around the world
Structures
The present participle (1):
As an adverbial
Functions
Talking about food (recipes, popularity, etc.)
Expressing and responding to hospitality
Writing
Paragraph organization (1): Chronological order
READING
A Preparing for reading
A1 Study the pictures and complete the following sentences.
1. Picture 1: While enjoying ________________ in Chinatown, people are also experiencing
Chinese culture.
2. Picture 2: Having ___________________, many young people choose to have fast food at
McDonald's.
3. Picture 3: ______________________and chatting, people are having a lot of fun in the
pubs.
4. Picture 4: Sitting _______________________, the family are having a good time together.
*Try to say something more about these pictures.
A2 Read the text quickly and answer each of the following questions in NO MORE THAN
three words.
1. How many types of food are introduced in the text?
2. Apart from Chinatown, what are the other examples of ethnic sections?
3. Which American state is well-known for Mexican food?
4. How does the writer describe health food?
5. What examples of fast food restaurants are given in the text?
B Moving on to read
Read the text and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).
□ 1. According to Paragraph A, traditional American food is simple and not very interesting.
□ 2. Southern California is the only ethnic region of the United States.
□ 3. Vegetarians do not get enough protein.
□ 4. Time means so much to the Americans that they usually have a short lunch break.
□ 5. Well-prepared dinners have come back in fashion as Americans have come to realize the
importance of communicating with and understanding between people.
Food in the United States
Many changes are taking place in food styles in the United States.
The United States is traditionally famous for its very solid and unchanging diet, chiefly made
up of meat and potatoes. Now people in America have many different choices: ethnic food, health
food, and fast food, in addition to the traditional home-cooked meal.
What is America's traditional diet made up of?
Ethnic restaurants and supermarkets are common in the United States. Being a country of
immigrants, the United States enjoys a wide variety of ethnic food. Most American cities and
towns are filled with restaurants serving international cooking. Many even have ethnic sections:
Chinatown, Little Italy, or Germantown. Having vast ethnic choices, Americans can enjoy food
from all over the world. Besides sections of cities, there are ethnic regions, which are well-known
for certain food because of the people who have settled there. For example, in southern California,
there are many Mexican restaurants.
Which expressions in this paragraph help you guess the meaning of "ethnic"?
Health food became popular when people began to think more seriously about their physical
well-being. Health food is fresh, natural, and unprocessed food, which does not contain
preservatives to make it last longer or chemicals to make it taste or look better. People who are
keen on health food are usually vegetarians. They don't eat meat, but live on beans, cheese, and
eggs.
What food is considered unhealthy?
Fast food restaurants are now expanding rapidly all over the country. In the United States,
speed is a very important concept. People usually have a short lunch break because they just do
not want to waste their time eating. Fast food restaurants are places that take care of hundreds of
people in a short time. There is usually very little waiting, and the food is always cheap. Burger
and pizza places are just two examples.
Which expressions in this paragraph are related to fast speed?
Americans' attitude toward food is changing, too. The traditional big breakfast is no longer
popular. However, coming to rediscover the social importance of food, Americans find that dinner
with family and friends is a very special way of enjoying time together. Like so many people in
other cultures, many Americans are taking time to relax and enjoy a wider variety of tastes at
dinner, even if they still rush through lunch at a hamburger stand.
If the traditional big breakfast is no longer popular, what is becoming popular?
C Discovering meanings
C1 Read the text again and answer the questions in the right-hand margin.
C2 The following is a summary of the text. Complete it with the right forms of the words
and expressions given in the right-hand margin. Note that there are more expressions than blanks.
America is experiencing great changes in both "food styles" and "food attitudes".
As to the former, ______________ (1) ethnic restaurants have been set up in the States.
__________ (2) these, fast food restaurants are also __________ (3) rapidly all over the country.
Pushed by ___________ (4), man y Americans simply rush through lunch in a pizza place or
_________ (5).
In the area of "food attitudes", many changes ________________ (6) as well. Americans
have learnt to enjoy a wider variety of tastes, other than meat and potatoes. Health food is
_____________ (7) as peoote nave begun to care more about their physical well-being.
________________ (8) speed is essential in American life, people have come to realize the social
importance of food. Therefore, more Americans ________________ (9) to enjoy dinner with
family and friends.
a short lunch break
at a hamburger stand
at dinner
a wide variety of
be well-known for
even if
expand
become popular
in addition to
take place
take time
*D Thinking about reading
D1 Which do you prefer: Chinese food or Western food? Why?
D2 Can you describe one of your most unforgettable eating experiences?
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1 Many changes are taking place in “food styles” in the United States．当今在美国，人们
的“饮食方 式”正在发生许多变化。
在此句中，“food styles”中的“food(食物)”译作“饮食”比较确切，且符合全文的主旨。
2 ... Chinatown，Little Italy，or Germantown．唐人街，小意大利，或德国街。 在美国
大城市里，许多来自同一国家或地区的移民常聚居在同一区域，并一起在那里做买卖、工 作、
消费等，这类聚居地因移民原来国家或种族的名字而得名。
STRUCTURES
The Present Participle (1)
As an Adverbial
A Focus
A1 Look at the pictures and read the sentences below.
When Tom was walking down the street, he was hit by a bicycle.
Mary sat on a bench in the garden and watched her baby.
Since Mrs Smith is ill, she won't come today.
From the pictures and the sentences above, we learn that:
1. Walking down the street, Tom was hit by a bicycle.
2. Mary sat on a bench in the garden, watching her baby.
3. Being ill, Mrs Smith won't come today.
The bold italic part in each sentence above is a present participle phrase (现在分词短语)
used as an adverbial
A2 Read the following sentences and underline the present participle phrases used as
adverbials.
1. Being a country of immigrants, the United States enjoys a wide variety of ethnic food.
2. Having vast ethnic choices, Americans can enjoy food from all over the world.
3. However, coming to rediscover the social importance of food, Americans find that dinner
with family and friends is a very special way of enjoying time together.
4. When ordering Italian food, you choose one main dish to eat yourself.
5. Anne and Joe King sat back in their easy chairs, watching television.
6. There I stood, looking up at Sydney's Harbour Bridge -- one of the most famous bridges in
the world.
7. Looking down through the catwalk I could see the ground 50 metres below!
8. When looking south we saw the city skyline, the famous Opera House and the ocean.
B Conclusion
· 现在分词或现在分词短语作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴
随状况等。
· 现在分词短语作时间状语、条件状语、让步状语等时，分词短语前有时可带when，if,
although等连接 词。
C Practice
Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the verbs given in their proper forms.
Then underline the present participles used as adverbials.
It may make sense for American schools to ban junk food in some cases. However, when
___________ (discuss) (1) the matter, they find there are several points that should be considered.
Some people argue that an important part of education is ___________ (learn) (2) to make
good choices. Young people should be given opportunities to stand before counters, __________
(look) (3) at different foods and ____________ (make) (4) healthy choices. A junk-food ban,
however, simply ___________.(remove) (5) some of their options.
_______________ (look) (6) for better ways than just junk-food bans, people should take
into consideration that better nutrition (营养) and more physical activities are obviously good for
health, some others suggest.
So, many people think that headmasters, teachers, and parents should be doing their part
__________ (address) (7) this situation. However, when _____________ (take) (8) steps to do so,
everyone must know that banning junk food without other strategies and local decision-making is
not a proper solution; it reduces personal and local responsibilities.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
A Listening practice
Eating in a Chinese restaurant
A1 Listen to the dialogue and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or
false (F).
□1 . Mary got up so late that she had no time to have her breakfast.
□ 2. When Chinese people eat in a restaurant, usually one person orders food for everyone.
□ 3. Mary has had meals with her Chinese friends before and she appreciates the Chinese
custom.
□ 4. Michael would like to eat butter fish and roast duck.
□ 5. Mr Li would like to have meatball soup and rice.
A2 Listen again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard on the tape.
Different Customs in a Restaurant
In China usually ____________ (1) orders for everyone and the food is ____________(2). In
Western countries most people order for ___________ (3). The waiter has to ____________ (4)
from each person.
Foods Ordered
Michael is going to eat ____________ (5) and _____________ (6).
Mary wants to have ____________ (7) and _____________ (8).
Mr Li is going to eat _____________ (9) and ___________ (10).
Preserved (经加工的) food
A3 Listen to the passage and then choose the best answer according to what you have heard
on the tape.
1. In ancient times, people ate ____________ only when they were in season.
A. fruits and plants B. vegetables and rice
C. fruit and rice D. fruits and vegetables
2. At that time people ___________.
A. knew how to keep food B. ate all they could possibly get
C. went hungry all the time D. always ate too much
3. We ___________ how people first learned to preserve food.
A. are sure B. know quite well
C. are not quite sure about D. know nothing at all about
4. People accidentally (偶然地) discovered that __________.
A. fresh food kept longer B. fresh food tasted better
C. dried food kept longer D. dried food tasted better
5. Later people learned that salt helps preserve ___________.
A. fish, meat and vegetables B. fish, meat and fruits
C. meat, vegetables and fruits D. fish, vegetables and fruits
B Speaking practice
Favourite foods
B1 Make a survey and find out some of your friends' favourite Western and Chinese foods.
Based on your survey, make a list of foods in order of popularity and report your findings to the
class.
Some Popular Western and Chinese Food
WESTERN FOOD
hamburger
pizza
KFC chicken
French fries
fish and chips
apple pies
sandwiches
CHINESE FOOD
hot pot
sweet and sour fish
roast duck
tomato omelettes (番茄炒鸡蛋)
hot and spicy bean curd (麻辣豆腐)
dumplings
spring rolls
* At the restaurant
B2 Work with your partner and try to describe some typical Chinese dishes on a menu.
Situation You have invited a foreign friend to a restaurant for dinner. This restaurant serves
typical Chinese food. The foreigner does not understand the menu. Try to describe some of the
dishes on the menu, and discuss with your friend the kinds of food they can have. Include in your
description the name of the food, the cooking style, the main ingredients (配料), the taste, etc.
USEFUL LANGUAGE
Expressing and Responding to nospitality
A.
1. Would you like to try some of this?
2. Another piece of fried steak?
3. Come on, you've hardly eaten anything.
4. Would you like to eat a little more fish?
5. Sweet and sour pork is their daily speciality. You must try some.
B.
1. All right. Just a bit, please.
2. I'd love to.
3. I'm afraid I can't eat any more.
4. That was absolutely delicious, but I've had enough.
5. Thank you very much for the wonderful dinner.
C TASKS
C1 Refer to the situation in B2 of "Speaking Practice" and try to introduce one of your
recipes.
C2 Discuss the different ways people get together in China. [For example, do Chinese
people have potluck dinners (自带菜肴的聚餐) ?]
WRITING
Paragraph Organization (1)
-- Chronological Order-
A Preparing for writing
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions below.
Fast food, a typical American product, is seeing a decline. In the 1970s and 1980s, fast food
sales- reached their peak. Then. in 1991, because of the declining economy, the growth of fast
food began to slow down. There sprang up a number of competitors at that time. And, in the 1990s,
a lot of Americans, including children, were willing to spend more on other varieties. For example,
in 1997. the take-home food sold by supermarkets made up 21 percent of the total, while that
supplied by fast food restaurants was 48 percent. But. one year later, the latter's share was 41
percent. This trend may continue into the 21st century, as a lot of people believe America is today
the fattest country, and fast food is one of the main factors.
1. Which is the topic sentence? What is the main idea of the paragraph?
2. Which expressions show the time order of fast food development?
One way of organizing the different parts of a paragraph is to follow time order
(chronological order). There are two keys to such an organization: 1) discussing the events or the
steps in the order in which they occur; 2) using chronological transition signals to show the
sequence of the events or the steps.
写段落时,可按时间顺序来组织构成段落的各个部分，这 一组织方式关键需要注意两
点：1)按照事件或步骤的发生顺序 来写；2)使用表明事件或步骤变化的过渡词。
B Practising writing
The following is about "Coffeehouse Development in Turkey", but the sentences are not
following a proper chronological order. Rearrange the sentences so that they form a coherent
passage. The first one has been done as an example.
Coffeehouse Development in Turkey
A. Coffeehouses have a long history in Turkey.
B. As time went on, however, a lot of coffeehouses were opened, and various kinds of people
began to visit them.
C. They were so called because these were meant to be places where the educated people
could go to read their newspapers while having tea or coffee.
D. The purpose of the coffeehouse changed; the old name disappeared, and they began to be
called "Kahuehane" -- "coffeehouse".
E. In past times, only the wealthy people were educated, and they were the only customers.
F. Today almost every neighbourhood has a coffeehouse -- typically a simply decorated place
with a special atmosphere.
G. They used to be called "Kiraothane" -- "reading houses".
The correct order: A _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
ADDITIONAL READING
The World's Best Ethnic Foods
How can you travel the world without leaving your own country? Visit an ethnic restaurant!
Trying foods from other countries is a great way to experience different cultures. People around
the world have unique and creative ways of preparing food. The ingredients they use may surprise
you.
So what are the world's best ethnic foods? Everyone has his or her own personal favourites,
and so do we. The following are the world's three best ethnic foods -- other than Chinese food, of
course!
Italian
W-hen you visit an Italian restaurant, order a pasta dish. The Italians have hundreds of ways
of preparing this food. Pastas usually come with flavourful tomato or cream sauces, which give
the dishes a powerful, rich flavour. There are also different kinds of cheese.
When ordering Italian food, you choose one main dish for yourself. You may, however, order
an appetizer to share with everyone at the table. Mexican
What's great about Mexican food? Most of it you can pick up and eat with your hands!
One major Mexican food is the tortilla. Mexican chefs mold this corn or flour-based material
into round, fiat shapes. The tortilla then gets filled with ingredients such as cheese, meat, sour
cream, beans and other vegetables. Tortilla dishes can be fried, baked or toasted. Don't forget to
add hot sauce -- Mexican food is great with a bit of spice!
Indian
India is the land of curries and strong flavours. You can smell a good Indian restaurant even
before you walk through the door!
The eating method of Indian food also takes a bit of getting used to. Peel off some fiat fried
bread and use this "spoon" to get food from a shared dish. You can finish the meal with
Indian-style milk tea.
While Chinese food is great, try something new and expand your horizons. After all, variety
is the spice of life!
Exercises
Decide whether each of the following statements is true (T), false (F) or hard to say (H).
□ 1. Trying foods from other countries is more enjoyable than travelling to those countries.
□ 2. Chinese food is not considered one of the best ethnic foods in the world.
□ 3. While having Italian food, you order your own meal.
□ 4. A good Indian restaurant is easy to find because it usually serves foods with strong
flavours.
□ 5. The writer encourages us to try different kinds of foods to enjoy our life and expand our
horizons.
II. Fill in the blanks with words or expressions from the passage.
1. Human beings are _________________ animals - they have the ability to produce new
things and ideas.
2. To make this dish, you need such ___________________ as beef, potatoes and hot red
peppers.
3. He doesn't eat pork, but __________________ that, he'll eat just about everything.
4. They serve wonderful ice cream here. Which ________________ do you want -- chocolate
or vanilla (香 草，香子兰) ?
5. Trying foods from different cultures can _______________ -- it enables us to learn more
about their customs.
VOCABULARY (I)
New Words
solid adj． 固体的，结实的
n． 固体
*ethnic adj． 种族的；民族的
immigrant n． 移民
vast adj． 广大的；巨大的
*well-being n． 健康，幸福
*unprocessed adj．未加工的
*preservative n． 防腐剂
vegetarian n． 素食者
*burger n． (非正式用语)汉堡包
pizza n． 比萨饼
rush v． 匆忙地做
n． 冲进；忙乱
Expressions
health food 健康食品
be well-known for 因……而著名
physical well-being 身体健康
lunch break 午餐休息
in a short time 很快
even if 即使
rush through 匆匆完成
Proper Nouns
Califomia (美国)加利福尼亚州
VOCABULARY (II)
New Words
(Listening and Speaking)
custom n． 风俗，传统
lemon n． 柠檬
roast adj． 烤制的
v． 烤
steak n． (供煎，烤等的)厚
片的肉(尤指牛肉)或鱼
accidentally adv． 偶然地，意外地
preservation n． 保护，储藏
peel v． 剥……的皮；削……的皮
stir v．＆ n． 搅拌，搅动
(Additional Reading)
*pasta n． 意大利面食(包括通心粉及面条等)
flavourful adj． 美味的，可口的
sauce n． 酱汁，调味汁
flavour n． 风味，滋味
*appetizer n．(正餐前的)开胃菜
*tortilla n． (尤指墨西哥人食用的)玉米薄饼
mold v． 模制，铸造
n． 模子，铸型
fry v． 油炸，油煎
*spice n． 香料，调味品
*curry n． 咖喱
horizon n． (知识，思想等的)范围，视野；地平线
Expressions
in season 当令，旺季
all the year round 一年到头
for sure 确实
peel…off 剥……的皮；削……的皮
expand one's horizons 开阔视野
Unit 2
GLOBAL DRINKS
HIGHLIGHTS
Theme
Global drinks
Structures
The present participle (2):
As an attributive
Functions
Expressing positive
opinions
Expressing negative
opinions
Study Skirts
Reference relationships
READING
A Preparing for reading
A1 Study the pictures and answer the following questions.
1. What are the people doing in each of the pictures?
2. Where are these people? What is the relationship between the people in each picture?
3. Which picture looks most fascinating to you? Would you like to try what the people are
drinking in that picture?
A2 Read the text quickly and match the headings in Column I with the paragraphs in
Column II.
Note that there are more headings than paragraphs.
Column I
1. The British way of drinking tea
2. A drink that makes one live longer
3. The time-honoured tea ceremony
4. Tea customs before the birth of Christ
5. The drink that the world prefers
6. Tea customs in the nation with the biggest population
7. The history of Chinese tea customs
Column II
Paragraph A
Paragraph B
Paragraph C
Paragraph D
Paragraph E
B Moving on to read
Read the text and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1. Tea is considered to be a global drink because __________.
A. it tastes much better than boiled water
B. it is preferred to any other drink except cola
C. it ranks second in terms of the number of drinkers
2. In what sense is tea a health drink?
A. It contains as much vitamin C as green vegetables.
B. Its nutritional value can be compared to that of vegetables.
C. If a person drinks five cups of tea, he doesn't have to have any vegetables.
3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Tea is the national drink of China.
B. The custom of serving tea varies with each culture.
C. Lighter teas are often served with meals to help digestion.
4. What can you learn from the text?
A. Tea is the national drink of China, Japan, and the United Kingdom.
B. Tea is perhaps more formally served in Japan than in any other country.
C. Tea is served in bags in Britain because the British think it is more convenient.
5. Which of the following best sums up the main idea of the text?
A. Tea -- the global health drink -- is a symbol of a nation's culture.
B. Tea -- the global health drink -- has a history of over 2000 years.
C. Tea -- the global health drink -- originated in China and has become its national drink.
Text
The Global Drink
Tea, the global drink, is consumed around the world more than any other drink except water.
Originating in China, tea has long established itself as the national drink of this country, the nation
with the biggest population on earth.
A century before the birth of Christ, tea was described in Chinese texts as a health drink that
made one live longer. Tea is still being regarded as such. Scientific studies have suggested that
drinking five cups of tea a day can be compared to having two servings of vegetables. Both green
and black teas are claimed to be effective for preventing cancer, heart disease, and many other
deadly diseases. There is only one point people need to be aware of when they ch-ink tea it
should not be drunk along with meals. This is because an element contained in tea can interfere
with the body's absorption of iron.
What facts show us that tea helps us live longer?
Why shouldn't we drink tea with meals?
Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, is carefully prepared according to
local customs. The Chinese put loose tea in teapots, add boiling water, and serve it in teacups. The
strong tea from China's Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner. Lighter teas with
jasmine, rose or other flowers, are special to China's Changjiang River regions. These are usually
served after dinner to help digestion.
What are the two main kinds of Chinese tea introduced here?
n England people use teabags and mugs. Many English people, travelling away from home,
feel at a toss if their favourite teabags are not available. Afternoon tea in England is still a
time-honoured tradition. It's a good opporttmity for people to socialize or discuss business matters,
though now more young people prefer a cola.
In Japan, a tea ceremony is often held while people are drinking tea. The ceremony, usually
held in a teahouse, dates back to the sixteenth century. Guests follow strict roles setup then and the
tea used is apowdered green tea. Though still practised today, the tea ceremony may not be as
popular as it used to be. Young Japanese tend to favour other drinks.
The Japanese seem to enjoy a powdered green tea. What about the Chinese and the British?
C Discovering meanings
C1 Read the text again and answer the questions in the right-hand margin.
C2 The following is a summary of the text. Fill in each of the blanks with NO MORE
THAN THREE words taken from the text. Note that you have to change the forms of some words.
This text introduces tea — cne global drink — in two respects (方面) : the nutritional value
of tea ano customs related to the serving of tea. For the former, the writer claims that tea nas long
been regarded as ____________ (1) that helps one live longer. Scientific studies have also proved
that tea is effective for oreventing a wide range of ____________ (2) diseases. The nutritional
value of tea can be compared to that of vegetables. The only ooint that people need to
_____________ (3) is that tea should not be drunk with meals, as it can ___________ (4) iron
absorption.
The customs of serving tea, the writer suggests, vary from culture to culture. Tea is perhaps
most formally served in Japan, as ____________ (5) is often a part of drinking tea During the
ceremonu, people have to follow strict rules that were ____________ (6) long ago. The Chinese
are less formal in this respect though there are also strict local customs ___________ (7) different
areas of this large country. In England, ____________ (8) is an enjoyable and time-honoured
tradition. While the Japanese serve (a) ______________ (9) at their tea ceremony, the Chinese put
_____________ (10) in teapots and serve it in teacups. The British orefer ______________ (11) to
either of these. In general, drinking tea is still popular in these countries, although young people
tend to _____________ (12) other drinks.
*D Thinking about reading
D1 Which do you prefer: green tea or black tea; powdered tea, loose tea or teabags? Why?
D2 Can you describe a tea ceremony you have attended, read about or watched?
NOTES TO THE. TEXT
Scientific studies have suggested that drinking five cups of tea a day can be compared to
having two servings of vegetables.
科学研究表明，一天喝五杯茶相当于吃两份蔬菜。
此句暗示喝茶对人体健康的功效可与吃蔬菜相媲美。
2 This is because an element contained in tea can interfere with the body's absorption of
iron．
这是因为茶所含的某种成分会妨碍人体对铁质的吸收。
指示代词“this”在这个句子里指代上文中的“it should not be drunk along with meals”。这
是 指示代词指代句子某一部分的实例。
STRUCTURES
The Present Participle (2)
As an Attributive
A Focus
A1 Look at the pictures and read the dialogues.
Do you know the girl who is singing at the party, Mary?
Yes. She is Professor Smith's daughter.
What is its temperature when water is boiling?
From the pictures and the sentences above, we learn that:
1. Mary knows the girl singing at the party.
2. The teacher asks his pupils about the temperature of boiling water.
The bold italic part in each sentence above is a present participle phrase used as an
attributive(定语).
A2 Read the following sentences and underline the present participles (words and
expressions) used as attributives.
1. A century before the birth of Christ, tea was described in Chinese texts as a health drink
making one live longer.
2. Tea, being a universal drink in China and many other countries, is still carefully prepared
according to local customs.
3. The Chinese put loose tea in teapots, add boiling water, and serve it in teacups.
4. Most American cities and towns are filled with restaurants serving international cooking.
5. This refreshing dish comes with olives (橄榄), tomatoes and cheese.
6. He is undoubtedly a walking miracle of physical endurance.
7. Actors and actresses would also like the spectators to believe that there are no
professionals doing the job for them.
8. To get this amazing offer, write to our company immediately.
B Conclusion
· 现在分词作定语一般表示正在进行的动作或某一种状态。
· 单个现在分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词之前，有时也可放在名词之后。现在分词短
语则通常放在被 修饰的名词之后。
· 有些作定语的现在分词事实上已经被形容词化了，如boiling water，walking miracle
等。
C Practice
Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the verbs given in their proper forms.
Then underline the present participles used as attributives.
Teenagers ____________.(play) (1) basketball or _____________ (ride) (2) a bicycle home
from school get thirsty in hot weather. Then a cold drink may be just the thing ! But be careful of
the drink ___________ (go) (3) down your throat. Something that ____________ (look) (4) cool
may not be good for your health.
In the market, most drinks ___________ (have) (5) an attractive colour and a cool name
contain high levels of caffeine. These are drinks typically ___________ (aim) (6) at young people,
busy people and athletes.
Makers say that they produce and sell some drinks that ___________ (make) (7) you better at
sports and ________ (keep) (8) you awake. But be careful not to drink too much.
Research by Australian scientists ____________ (find) (9) that many teenagers are affected
by caffeine. There are potential health risks linked to energy drinks. Teenagers should be
discouraged from ____________ (consume)(10) soft drinks, many scientists suggest.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
A Listening practice
Pubs in England
A1 Listen to the dialogue and then choose the best answer according to what you have
heard on the tape.
1. In England pubs are
A. quite expensive
B. quite convenient
C. seen almost everywhere
D. places where people meet and have tea
2. Pubs in England mainly offer
A．soft drinks, beer, and cheap food B. soft drinks and food
C. coffee and orange juice D. coffee, orange juice and cola
3. Draught beer (生啤) is sold ________.
A. in cans B. in bottles
C. from hand pumps (泵) D. at the counter
4. The English like to drink _________ and the American like to drink ___________.
A. cold beer, cool beer B. cool beer, cold beer
C. icy beer, cool beer D. cool beer, icy beer
5. In pubs people can also get ______________.
A. expensive meals B. all kinds of fruits
C. sea food D. cheap food
A2 Listen again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard on the tape.
English pubs are places where people go to ___________, and enjoy a drink and __________.
People can order coffee, __________ or cola, but many people go there to have beer. Traditional
English beer is called draught beer. It __________ from hand pumps rather than in bottles. In
England draught beer __________ . When people get hungry they can get __________, like chips
and bread. People can see the menu ___________. Pubs are places for people to enjoy themselves
after work.
B Speaking practice
A variety of drinks
B1 Brainstorm and make a list of common drinks. Work in small groups and try to discuss
one of the drinks.
Model
Coffee, a very common drink in Western countries, has become more and more popular in
China, especially among young people. I drink coffee when I'm doing my homework or preparing
for examinations. A cup of strong coffee makes me feel refreshed and less tired. However, it's not
a good idea to drink coffee in the evening because the caffeine in it may keep people from falling
asleep at night!
Drinks on different occasions
B2 Look at the following pictures and say what people usually like to drink on these
occasions.
USEFUL LANGUAGE
Expressing Positive Opinions
1. That's just what I mean.
2. I am in favour of ...
3. I couldn't agree with you more.
4. You are right about that.
5. There's no doubt about that.
Expressing Regative Opinions
1. I am sorry I don't agree with you.
2. I am sorry, but I’m not with you on that.
3. No, I’m afraid that is not what I mean.
4. I don't think that ...
5. I see what you mean, but ...
C TASKS
C1 Interview your parents, relatives, classmates, or teachers, and find out what they prefer
to drink on different occasions. Write down what you have found and report it to your class.
C2 Refer to "Useful Language" and have a debate on the issue: Which will be the global
drink for the 21st century -- coffee or tea?
STUDY SKILLS
A Understanding Reference Relationships
Words like it, its, this, that, these, those and each make connections between parts of a text.
Such words are called reference pronouns. A reference pronoun may refer to a word, a phrase, a
sentence, or several words, phrases, or sentences. It can refer back to old information that comes
before it; it can also refer forward to new information that comes after it. The relationship between
a reference pronoun and its referent(s) is called a reference relationship. Reference relationships
can not only be realized through reference pronouns, they can also be achieved by means of
referring nouns, verbs, or even modifiers in a certain context. Proper use of these words makes a
text coherent and understandable; understanding a text depends on having a good grasp of
reference relationships.
it，its，this，that，these，those，和each这类词起到连接文章不同部分的作用。这类词
被 称作指示代词。一个指示代词可以指代一个词、一个词组或一个句子，它也可以指代 几
个词、词组或句子。指示代词可以回指在它之前已经提到过的老信息，也可以前指 出现在
它之后的新信息。指代词和它的被指代对象之间的关系被称作指代关系。指代 关系除了通
过指示代词来体现以外，还可以通过在特定上下文中具有指示功能的名词、 动词、甚至是
修饰词来得以实现。恰当使用指代词使文章流畅且便于他人理解；对文 章的领悟也取决于
对指代关系的正确把握。
B Practice
B1 The following is Paragraph C of the TEXT. Read it and find out what the italicized
words refer to.
Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, is carefully prepared according to
local customs. The Chinese put loose tea in teapots, add boiling water, and serve it in teacups. The
strong tea from China's Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner. Lighter teas with
jasmine, rose, or other flowers, are special to China's Changjiang River regions. These are usually
served after dinner to help digestion.
B2 Read at least two articles in your spare time. As you read, pay attention to the reference
relationships.
ADDITIONAL READING
Coffee
When coffee was first introduced in Europe in the 1600s, there was a great deal of
controversy about it. Many doctors said that coffee was a strong poison and should be forbidden.
Others, however, insisted it was good to drink coffee. Then, "coffee houses" sprang up
everywhere. Today, coffee has become a global drink and it is consumed by one third of the
world's population.
Tests show that when coffee is given in large doses to animals, it can actually act as a poison.
Coffee can also produce negative or even poisonous effects on small children. But for adults who
drink it moderately, it is by no means a poison.
Coffee contains caffeine. Most people believe that it is the caffeine that produces all the
effects that coffee has on the body. Of course, the other elements in coffee have a role to play.
Here are some of the things that happen when people drink coffee. The smell of coffee itself
produces stimulating effects in various parts of the body. The blood vessels in the brain open
wider so that the flow is improved, and this removes some of the poisonous substances from the
brain. Coffee increases the pulse rate, which means it stimulates the heart, and the muscles can
thus work harder. Coffee makes the stomach work more actively, which is worthwhile for healthy
people, especially when drunk after a heavy meal.
Coffee actually produces different effects on the body at different times of the day! The
morning coffee, for instance, helps the body get rid of waste products produced during the night.
Coffee after lunch helps digestion. Afternoon coffee acts on the muscles and helps us feel less
tired. And coffee taken in the evening seems to stimulate the mind and the imagination!
However, there are always two sides to everything. Caffeine is stimulating, so a lot of people
avoid drinking coffee at night, which is the time when people want to go to bed instead of feeling
stimulated. Furthermore, some people get hooked on coffee because of the caffeine, and that has
always been considered negative.
Exercises
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false(F).
□ 1. Coffee was first discovered in Europe in the 1600s.
□ 2. Coffee was regarded as a strong poison in the past by some doctors.
□ 3. Coffee can have negative effects on small children, but not on adults.
□ 4. All the stimulating effects on the body are produced by the caffeine in coffee.
□ 5. It is not a good thing to get hooked to coffee.
II. Read the passage again and fill in the charts below.
Effects of Coffee
Body Parts
brain
heart
stomach
Effects of Coffee at Different Times of the Day
Times
morning
after lunch
afternoon
evening
night
Effects
Effects
III. Fill in the blanks with words or expressions from the passage.
1. In just a few years tall buildings have _____________ like mushrooms (蘑菇) after a rain
in this coastal city.
2. He opened the kitchen windows to ______________ the oily smell.
3. Exercise ______________ the flow of blood.
4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and
______________. (书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。) (Sir Francis Bacon)
VDCABULARY(I)
New Words
consume v． 吃，喝；消耗
originate v． 起源于
scientific adj． 科学的
*serving n． (供一人享用的)一客；一份
claim v． 声称，宣称
n． 声称，主张
effective adj． 有效的，有作用的
cancer n． 癌，肿瘤
deadly adj． 致命的
*interfere v． 妨碍，干预
absorption n． 吸收；全神贯注
iron n． 铁；熨斗
v． 熨平(衣服)
teapot n． 茶壶
*jasmine n． 茉莉(花)
digestion n． 消化
teabag n． 袋泡茶
*mug n． (有柄的)大杯
*time-honoured adj． 因为古老而受敬仰的
socialize v． 交际
teahouse n． (中国或日本的)茶馆
powdered adj． 粉末状的
favour n． 喜爱；支持；赞同
v． 喜欢；支持
Expressions
green tea 绿茶
black tea 红茶
along with 同……一起
be aware of 意识到，觉察
*interfere with 干扰
loose tea (松散状的)茶叶
tea ceremony 茶道
date back to 追溯到……
set up 设立，建立
Proper Nouns
Christ 耶稣基督
VOCABULARY (II)
New Words
(Listening and Speaking)
*draught adj． 从容器中汲出的(啤酒)
pump n． 泵，抽水机
v． (用泵)抽(水)
menu n． 菜单
(Additional Reading)
*controversy n．争论；争吵
poison n． 毒药
v． 使中毒；毒杀
forbid v． 禁止，不许
spring v． 跳，跳跃
*dose n． (药物的)剂量
poisonous adj． 有毒的
moderately adv． 适量地，适度地
*caffeine n． 咖啡因
stimulating adj． 刺激的，鼓舞的
*vessel n． 血管，脉管
pulse n． 脉搏
stimulate v． 刺激
*worthwhile adj． 值得(做)的
imagination n． 想象(力)
furthermore adv． 此外，而且
hook v． 钩住，沉迷
n． 钩，吊钩
Expressions
draught beer 生啤，鲜啤
be with somebody 赞成某人
spring up 迅速或突然生长，出现
by no means 决不，一点也不
act on 对……起作用，按……行动
get hooked on 沉溺于
Module Two
Sports
Unit 3
Sports Heroes
HIGHLIGHTS
Theme
Sports heroes
Structures
The present participle (3):
As a predicative or as an object complement
Functions
Describing an exciting
Talking about a spots hero
Writing
Narrative Paragraph
READING
A Preparing for reading
A1 Study the pictures and answer the following questions.
1. Who are these people? What nationalities are they?
2. How much do you know about these people? What are their major achievements?
3. Who is your sports hero? Can you introduce him or her to your class?
A2 Read the text quickly and answer the following questions.
1. For whom would Rivera fight at the cost of his life?
2. What happened to Rivera when they fought into the seventeenth round?
3. What did Danny's assistants do at the end of the count?
4. Who was the winner, Danny or Rivera?
5. How much money did the winner get? What would he use the money for?
B Moving on to read
Read the text and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T), false (F), or
hard to say (H).
□ 1. The fight against Danny proved that Rivera had become an experienced boxer.
□ 2. Danny threw all caution to the winds because he was driven mad by Rivera's skilful
escape.
□ 3. Rivera's success depended on his wit and determination rather than on his strength or
skills.
□ 4. In boxing, defending oneself is believed to be more effective than attacking (进攻).
□ 5. Among the people watching, nobody was on Rivera's side.
□ 6. Right after giving Danny three blows on the neck and jaw, Rivera was declared the
winner.
□ 7. Rivera's assistants were happy that he got $5,000 for the game.
The Mexican
Rivera was determined to help his people at the cost of his life. He fought against stronger
and tougher boxers in the ring to make money for his people. He often lost at the beginning, but he
grew more experienced.
One day he was engaged in a very tough fight against a champion boxer, Danny. Rivera didn'
t match Danny in height, weight, or skills. And he was not half as popular. However, "The winner
takes all!" And Rivera stubbornly asked for all- all he had on his mind was making the money for
his people.
Who was more popular?
The fight was going on and on. The whole stadium was cheering for Danny; there were very
few on Rivera's side. However, Rivera survived one blow after another; his excellent defence was
frightening.
Danny rushed, forcing Rivera to give him a clinch. Was it a trick? Rivera thought to himself.
Yes, it was. But Rivera was smart enough to avoid it. He backed and circled away.
Which expression in the following paragraph means the same as "backed and circled away"?
He pretended to clinch with Danny's next rush. Instead, at the last instant,just as their bodies
should have come together, Rivera went quickly back. He had fooled him!
Which sentence helps you understand the meaning of "clinch"?
While Rivera was dancing away, Danny kept challenging him openly. Having run after him
for two rounds, Danny found the boy not even daring to come near him. He started to throw all
caution to the winds. Rivera was struck again and again. He took blows by the dozen -just to avoid
the deadly clinch.
Is "dancing away" similar in meaning to any in Paragraphs E and F?
In the seventeenth round, Rivera, blown heavily, bent down. His hands dropped helplessly.
Danny thought it was his chance - the boy was at his mercy. He decided to strike the deadly blow.
But before he could do that, Rivera caught him off his guard and hit him in the mouth. Danny
went down. When he rose, Rivera gave him another blow on the neck and jaw. He repeated this
three times.
What does "that" refer to?
Danny did not rise again. The audience shouted for him to stand up. But the miracle did not
happen.
"Count!" Rivera cried to the referee. When the count was finished, Danny, gathered up by his
assistants, was carded to his comer.
What could be the miracle?
"Who wins?" Rivera demanded.
Unwillingly, the referee caught his gloved hand and held it high up.
Rivera, unattended, walked to his comer, where his assistants had not yet placed his. stool.
He didn't care. All he could remember was that he had got the $5,000 he needed. "The winner
takes all !" What mattered to him was that his people could use the money to buy guns.
Why hadn't his assistants placed his stool?
C Discovering meanings
C1 Read the text again and answer the questions in the margin.
C2 The following is Rivera's account of the fight. Complete it with the correct forms of the
words or expressions given in the right-hand margin.
Right at the beginning I knew it would be hard: my rival (对手), Danny, was __________ (1).
Compared with him, I was just a "nobody". I would not have got _________ (2) such a difficult
fight if it had not been for the $5,000. "I must win to get the $5,000!" I kept on telling myself.
The first two rounds were really hard for me. Nobody wanted me to win; everybody was
_____________ (3) Danny. Danny was indeed a great attacker who kept on raining
____________ (4) on me. I tried hard to defend myself and I _________ (5).
Then, I had the feeling that Danny was trying to play ____________ (6). He seemed to be
inviting a clinch from me. So instead of meeting his rush, I chose to go back and ___________ (7)
quickly.
This went on for several rounds. Finding that I never dared go near him, Danny decided to
____________ (8). He struck even harder, while I gathered all my wits(智力；智慧)to
__________ (9).
Then came the seventeenth round. I found I had almost run out of strength. At that moment, I
felt another heavy blow, which forced me to __________ (10), hands dropping helplessly. I
realized that one more blow from Danny could be deadly to me, so I brought myself up, and began
to fight back. When I delivered the fifth blow, Danny was on his back; he never rose again.
So, finally, I did it. That $5,000 meant o lot to my people. They could buy lots of guns!
a champion boxer
a trick
avoid the deadly clinch
bend down
cheer for
circle away
engage in
one blow
after another
survive
throw all
caution to
the winds
*D Thinking about reading
D1 Rivera won the match although he was not as strong or as skilful as Danny. What led to
his success?
D2 What is the meaning of success? What are the most important qualities that enable a
person to be successful?
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1 本文选自美国著名小家Jack London(杰克·伦敦)(1876—1916)所著同名短篇The
Mexican。文 章经过改写，其中第一段是编者根据原著所加的引子。文中提到的his people
是指20世纪初旨 在推翻迪亚斯(Diaz)独裁政权的墨西哥人。故事主人公里维拉(Rivera)同
情、支持并秘密地参 加了他们的斗争。
2 “The winner takes all!”“胜者得全额!”
在美国，职业性拳击比赛双方的收入根据不同情况定分成。一般是胜者拿大头。这次丹
尼同里维 拉比赛，丹尼方提出80％比20％分成，因为丹尼保持着锦标赛冠军头衔，而对手
只是无名小卒。 然而，为了获得金钱为革命党人添置军火，里维拉勇敢地提出“胜者得全额!”
的冒险方案。
3 ... just as their bodies should have come together，Rivera went quickly back．正当他们
俩身体即将 靠拢的一刹那，里维拉却快速地向后一撤。
should+have+v．-ed表示当时本应发生但实际上并没有发生的动作。
4 What mattered to him was that…对他来说要紧的是……，又如：
What matters to us is that you arrive home before it gets dark．对我们来说要紧的是你在天
黑以前 到家。
to sb．可以省略，如：
What matters is that the Chinese Football Team has tried their best in the World Cup．重要的
是中国 足球队已经在世界杯上尽力了。
STRUCTURES
The Present Participle (3)
As a Predicative or as an Object Complement
A Focus
A 1 Look at the pictures and read the dialogues.
What do you think of the book, Ann ?
It's well-written and it interests me a lot.
……
Great, Joe! It's really funny.
From the pictures and the sentences above, we learn that:
1. Ann thinks that the book is very interesting.
2. Joe's funny story left everybody laughing.
The bold italic part in A1-1 is a present participle used as a predicative(表语)and that in A1-2
is used as an object complement(宾语补足语).
A2 Read the following sentences and underline the present participles or participle phrases
used as predicatives or object complements.
1. However, Rivera survived one blow after another; his excellent defence was frightening.
2. The exciting fight kept the whole stadium cheering.
3. Caffeine is stimulating, so a lot of people avoid drinking coffee at night.
4. People found the weather in London boiling that year. That was quite unusual.
5. "That sounds amusing," said Anne.
B Conclusion
· 现在分词作表语，通常说明主语所具有的特征。
· 现在分词作宾语补足语主要用于以下动词之后的复合宾语里：1)表示感知的动词，如
see， hear，feel，find；2)表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，set，keep，get等。
C Practice
Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the verbs given in their proper forms.
Then underline the present participles used as predicatives or object complements.
Yao Ming was born in Shanghai, China, in September 1980. As a child, he was unusually tall.
However, he didn't find basketball very ___________ (interest)(1). What his parents did was so
__________ (encourage)(2) that he soon began to develop some skill for the game. As his talent
grew along with his height, his love for basketball _____________ (flourish)(3). Yao Ming joined
the Shanghai Sharks, and quickly ____________ (become)(4) the team leader. His success in the
CBA made him ____________ (dream)(5) about playing in the NBA. His chance came in 2002,
when he ____________ (choose)(6) as the No. I draft pick (新秀) that year. Basketball fans began
to notice Yao Ming _____________ (grow)(7) day by day, and soon found this young man
_____________ (surprise)(8) the world with his talent.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
A Listening practice
Bowling
A1 Listen to the dialogue and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or
false (F).
□ 1. Fangfang knows a lot about bowling.
□ 2. "Aim (瞄准) ", "form (状态)" and "control" are three tips for bowlers.
□ 3. When you hit nine pins (保龄球柱) with one ball, you've made a "strike" (全中).
□ 4. When you have three strikes in a row (连续), you've got a "turkey".
□ 5. Fangfang can't hit the pins, because she lacks practice.
A2 Listen again and then choose the best answer according to what you have heard on the
tape.
1. If you want to bowl, first you must have ______________.
A. a pair of gloves B. a pair of bowling shoes
C. a pair of Nike shoes D. a pair of bowling pants
2. Fangfang was taught ______________.
A. how to put on her shoes B. how do warm up
C. how to follow three tips D. how to hold the ball
3. When you are aiming, you must _______________.
A. control yourself B. raise your eyes C. do it quickly D. hold your breath
4. If you knock all _____________ pins down with one ball, you make a strike.
A. eight B. nine C. ten D. eleven
5. When Fangfang bowls, she often _____________.
A. hits the pins B. makes a strike
C. misses the ball D. throws the ball to the gutter (保龄球道两旁的沟槽)
A well-known gymnast
A3 Listen to the passage and then complete the following web according to what you have
heard on the tape.
Mary Lou
A well-known ___________ (1) gymnast.
________ (2) weeks before the ________ (3) Olympic Games, she hurt her knee.
In her hometown she had an _________ (4) on it.
Then she started working and ________ (5) hard.
Before long, she was able to go to the Olympic Games.
She got a perfect ________ (6) in the vaulting (跳马) event.
She won the all-round ___________ (7).
She was named __________ (8) of the Year and did a lot of ads on TV.
B Speaking practice
An exciting basketball game
B1 Read and practise the following model dialogue with your partner.
A: Did you watch the basketball game between the Philadelphia 76ers (费城76人队) and the
Los Angeles Lakers (洛杉矶湖人队)last night?
B: No, I missed it. How was the game?
A: It was great! Both teams played super ball. The 76ers beat the Lakers by 2 points.
B: Who was the most outstanding player of the game?
A: Of course it was Allen Iverson. He got 33 points, which included a splendid slam dunk(扣
篮). He also had 5 assists (助攻).
B: How was Shaquille O'Neal? He is my favourite player, you know.
A: He also played a great game; he got 32 points. But he was fouled out in the overtime,
which cost the Lakers their victory.
B: Oh! What a pity! When will the next game take place?
A: On Sunday, Don't miss it again!
B: ! won't.
USEFULLANGUAGE
Describing an Exciting match
■ That was really a close game.
■ They've got a sound defence.
■ That shot was really something.
■ That was a good kick.
■ There were some bad misses.
■ Their defence seems to be well organised.
■ I thought both teams played super ball.
A sports hero
B 2 Work in small groups. Make a short list of world-famous sports heroes and have a
discussion on:
Which sports hero do you admire most?
How much do you know about the person?
Why do you think he / she is a hero?
C TASKS
Refer to the model and study "Useful Language" in B1. Give your friend a call, describing an
exciting basketball game you have just watched on TV or at school.
WRITING
Narrative Paragraph
A Preparing for writing
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions below.
The first bowling alley (保龄球馆) built inside a building opened in England in 1455. Then
the game was taken to the United States where most people played it outside. During the 1800s,
many people in the United States began to bowl for money, so several Cities made the game
illegal. Many people kept on bowling illegally. A group named the American Bowling Congress
(ABC) formed around 1900. The job of this group was to clean up bowling and make it a
gentlemen's game again. At this time, the game was mostly played by men. If women played, they
hung a curtain up so that the men were not able to see them. Then, in 1916, a women's group
named the Women's International Bowling Congress (WIBC) made a point of showing that the
game was fine for both men and women.
1. Does this paragraph follow chronological order in its organization?
2. What is the focus of the paragraph, an event or the characters that were involved in an
event?
3. Is the introduction given from a first-person or a third-person point of view?
4. What is the writer's purpose of giving the introduction?
A narrative paragraph gives an account of a person or people, an event or a series of events.
Such paragraphs may be stories (real or imaginary), biographies, histories, or news items. When
planning a narrative, one should consider the following five elements: setting (time and place),
character or event, point of view (first-person or third-person), plot (which usually follows
chronological order), and theme (Usually an insight conveyed by the narration).
叙述性段落可以讲述一个或几个人物的有关情况，也可以 叙述一个或一系列事件。叙
述内容可以是真实或想象的故事、 人物传记、历史、新闻等。写作叙述性段落时应考虑以
下五个 方面： 情景(时间和地点)、人物或事件、叙述的角度(第一 人称或第三人称)、情
节(通常按照时间顺序展开)以及主题 (通常是叙述要传递的思想)。
B Practising writing
Read the following story and complete the table below.
An Unforgettable Experience
It was a hot Sunday morning. Lily was sitting on a bus. Sitting in front of her was a girl in red.
At one stop, an old man got on and walked straight towards them. "I will give my seat to him if he
stands beside me," Lily thought to herself. But he stopped beside the girl in red. She stood up
immediately and helped him into her seat. The old man thanked her and she said with a smile,
"My pleasure." Then nobody ever noticed them any more.
The bus went on smoothly. Suddenly, the driver skidded to a stop to avoid a cyclist, and the
girl in red fell heavily onto the floor. Lily dashed over to help her up. But, to her great surprise,
she saw a wooden stick where her left leg should have been. A handicapped girl who desperately
needed a seat herself gave her seat to the old man ! Quickly covering her wooden leg, the girl in
red stood up.
"Your leg !" murmured Lily.
"Oh, it's okay. It's been a part of me for a long time." She smiled as if nothing had happened.
"Please take my seat." Lily said and reached out to let her sit down.
For the rest of the journey, Lily could think of nothing but the girl's consideration, confidence,
and courage.
Setting
Characters
Point of view
Plot
Theme
ADDITIONAL READING
Pele
Pele was born in Brazil in 1940. Like many other Brazilian kids, Pele loved football and
often played the game in the streets. He also went to school and did odd jobs to help bring in
money for the family. However, what he loved best was to play football in the streets or practise
kicking the ball with his father (also a great football player).
Pele gained the attention of some coaches, first in the neighbourhood contests and later as he
led his team to win the junior league tournament two years in a row. At the age of fourteen, Pele
was playing for one of the first professional football teams in Brazil. As Pele became more
experienced as a player, the game of football grew. By 1950, football had become the most
popular game everywhere in the world, except for North America. What had begun as a British
sport became the favourite sport of people all around the world. Football became a truly
international sport.
Pele was in the Brazilian team in the World Cup matches of 1958. Before 1958, the Brazilian
team had failed in the finals three times in a row. Some sports writers said the Brazilians, though
gifted, had no discipline. In the 1958 finals against Sweden, Pele kicked the winning goal. and he
returned home a hero.
However, he never forgot his poor fellow men. Pele owned dozens of apartment houses, in
which he often allowed poor families to live without paying rent. He bought his mother the home
he had promised her when he signed his first professional contract. But the most exciting moment
of all was in 1969. when Pele scored his thousandth goal. As football fans stormed onto the field
and reporters begged for a speech, all he said was, "Remember the poor children."
Today, Pele is one of the most famous athletes in the world. He retired in 1975. However,
soon after that. he decided to play for three years with the New York team. He could not resist the
challenge of trying to make football popular in the United States, one of the few countries in the
world where football had not become the national sport. In 1977, Pele retired for good at the age
of thirty-seven.
Exercises
Choose a suitable heading from the box below for each paragraph of the passage. Note that
some headings will not be used.
A. A poor football lover
B. The rising of a football hero
C. A helping hand for the family
D. Later years of his football career
E. The growth of a footballer and the growth of football
F. The most famous athlete in the world
G. A wealthy player who cares for the poor
1. Paragraph 1 ________
2. Paragraph 2 ________
3. Paragraph 3 ________
4. Paragraph 4 ________
5. Paragraph 5 ________
II. Fill in the table below about Pale according to the information given in the passage.
Years
1940
Events
He played for one of the first professional football teams in Brazil.
1958
1969
1977
He retired for a short period of time.
III. Find words or phrases from the passage that fit the following explanations.
1. continuously, one after another: __________
2. the last and the most important game (or set of games) in a competition: _________
3. rush in a group (Usually angrily or excitedly): __________
4. something difficult that tests one's strength, skill or ability: __________
5. permanently; forever: __________
VOCABULARY (I)
New Words
determined adj． 决意的，坚决的
*ring n． 拳击场
experienced adj． 有经验的；经验丰富的，熟练的
*stubbornly adv． 顽同地；执拗地
frightening adj． 令人恐惧的，可怕的
*clinch n． 扭成一团
v． (摔跤等时)用臂钳住对手
trick n． 诡计；欺诈手段
v． 欺诈
round n． (比赛等的)回合，轮，场
bend v． 弯腰；曲身
helplessly adv． 无助地；无保护地
mercy n． 仁慈；宽恕
jaw n． 下巴
v． 说教，教训
count v． 计数，数数
n． 计数，得数
*referee n． (足球，拳击的)裁判
unwillingly adv． 不情愿地，勉强地
glove n． 手套
v． 戴手套
unattended adj． 无人管的，无人照料的
Expressions
at the cost of 以……为代价
at the last instant 在最后一瞬间
*throw all caution to the winds 不顾一切
by the dozen 大批(地)，大量(地)
at somebody's mercy 听任摆布
*catch somebody off his guard 攻其不备
Proper Nouns
Rivera n． 里维拉
Danny n． 丹尼
VDCABULARY(II)
New Words
(Listening and Speaking)
all-round adj． 全能的，全面的
*foul v． 犯规
n． (体育)犯规
sound adj． 稳健的，能干的
(Additional Reading)
Brazilian adj． 巴西的
n． 巴西人
kid n． 小孩
coach n． 教练
v． 教，训练
junior adj． 青少年的；地位低的
league n． (竞赛)联合会
tournament n． 锦标赛
discipline n． 纪律
final adj． 最后的，最终的
n． 决赛
rent n． 租金
v． 租(借)
score v． 得分，进球
fan n． 狂热的爱好者，迷
storm v． 拥进
Expressions
in a row 连续
lose heart 灰心
odd jobs (通常指为别人做的)零活
apartment house 公寓大楼
for good 永远
Proper Nouns
Ecaterina Szabo 埃卡特琳娜·萨波
Romania 罗马尼亚
Philadelphia n． (美国地名)费城
the Philadelphia 76ers 费城76人队
Los Angeles (美国地名)洛杉矶
Allen Iverson 阿伦·艾弗森
Shaquille O'Neal n． (湖人队队员)沙奎尔尼·奥尼尔
Pele 贝利
Sweden 瑞典
Unit 4
Sports Around the World
HIGHLIGHTS
Theme
Sports around the world
Structures
The present participle (4)
perfect form & passive form
Functions
Talking about sports
Talking about one's interests or preferences
Talking about scoring
Study skirts
Key words
READING
A Preparing for reading
A1 Study the pictures and answer the following questions.
1. What can you see in the pictures? Can you describe each briefly?
2. What's the mountain in Picture 1 called? Why is it important to the Olympics?
3. How much do you know about the Winter Olympics?
4. What is your favourite Olympic event?
A2 Read the text quickly and answer the following questions.
1. When did the ancient Olympics come to an end?
2. Where were the first modem Olympics held?
3. During which two periods were the modem Olympic Games cancelled?
4. When did Chinese athletes start to amaze the world in the Olympics?
B Moving on to read
B1 Read Paragraphs A - E and complete the following outline.
The Olympic Games
The Ancient Olympic Games
Year:
____________ — _____________
Place: ______________, Greece
How often were the Games held?
Every four years
The Modern Olympic Games
Year:
Summer Games (SG):
_________________ -- now
Winter Games (WG):
_________________ -- now
Places:
How often are the Games held?
____________________________________
Time between SG & WG: ___________________
The Olympic spirit:
The skills and determination demonstrated represent ___________________
B2 Read Paragraphs F - G and complete the following flow chart.
China and the Olympic Games (OG)
The Olympics to be held in Beijing in 2008
First participated in OG: in 1932
Beijing won the bid to host the 2008 Olympics ______________ (C)
The Olympics
The Olympics are the most important international competition in terms of scale, skills, and
number of athletes.
The games are divided into two parts the Summer Games and the Winter Games. The two
parts are held in such a way that there are two years in between but four years before one is
repeated.
The Olympics were first celebrated in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, and were held every four
years until 393 AD. Then, they were brought to an end by the Roman emperor. It was not until the
1890s that the world saw the modem summer games. In 1896 the first modem Summer Olympics
were held in Greece because that was where the tradition started. After that the Olympics would
move to a different city every four years. In 1924, the Winter Olympics were added to the
schedule. The Games were to take place in a separate, colder place. The event was cancelled
during World War I and World War II for reasons known to all.
Examples of modern Summer Olympic events are track and field events, ball games, diving,
gymnastics, swimming. Typical Winter Olympic events are skating and skiing.
The Olympic records are the world ones. An Olympic gold medal carries as much weight as,
or even more than, any other gold medal won at other international competitions. The skills and
determination demonstrated at the Olympics have come to stand for the peak of human physical
strength and will power.
It was not until the late twentieth century that Chinese athletes began to amaze the world with
their excellent performance at the Olympics. Coming out number one many times in the Olympic
events, Chinese athletes have brought home one gold medal after another in swimming, diving,
gymnastics, weight lifting, and a number of ball games. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the
world witnessed Beijing being selected by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the host
city for the 2008 Olympics. This has added a brilliant touch to the picture of modern Chinese sport
history.
Though once marked as "the Weaklings of East Asia", the Chinese have always been looking
forward to achieving the dream of becoming a sports giant. After continuous efforts for years the
dream is gradually coming true, and it is understandable why the Chinese let out cries of joy the
night Beijing's bid to host the 2008 Olympics was approved!
C Discovering meanings
C1 The following are explanations of some words in the text. Match each item with the
right word.
1. To stop something already arranged from happening
2. To show, make known, or display
3. The person who invites the guests and looks after them while they are at his place
4. To provide the place and everything that is needed for an organised event
5. A detail that is added to something (Usually a piece of artistic work) and improves it
C2 The following is an introduction to the history of the Olympics. Complete it with the
correct forms of the words or expressions given in the right-hand margin.
Olympic History
The early Olympics (from 776 BC until 393 AD) __________________ (1) as a religious (宗
教的) festival in praise of the Greek god Zeus (宙斯) The games were eventually
_______________ (2) in ancient Greece for being a pagan (异教 的) festival and the Olympic
tradition died at that point.
However, a French educator decided that he wanted to start a programme that taught people
to achieve ___________ (3). In 1892 he put forward a suggestion that the ancient tradition should
be further developed, This led to the birth of the modern-day Summer Olympics. The first modern
Summer Olympics _______________ (4) in 1896, with athletes competing in nine sports events:
cycling, fencing (击剑), gymnastics, lawn tennis (草地网球), shooting, swimming, track and field,
weight lifting, and wrestling (摔跤). The games were successful ______________ (5) the number
of participants and the skills ______________ (6). In 1924 the Winter Olympics
________________ (7) the schedule.
Since then these two games have alternated (交替)in such a way that there is a two-year gap
(间隙) between them and a four-year interval (间隔) before one ___________ (8).
add to
bring to an end
celebrate
demonstrate
hold
in terms of
repeat
the peak of human physical strength and will power
*D Thinking about reading
D1 What do the Olympic rings mean and stand for?
D2 How much do you know about China's achievements in the Olympics?
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1 The two Darts are held in such a wav mat there are two years in between but four years
before one is repeated．这两大赛事轮流举行，这样夏奥会与冬奥会之间相隔两年，而每一届
要四年才举行 一次。
这里，in between后省略了the two parts。one指代the Winter Games和the Summer Games
两届运动会 中的一届。
2 This has added a brilliant touch to the picture of modem Chinese sport history．这为中国
现代体育史 画卷添上了华丽的一笔。
此处，This指前一句中Beijing being selected by the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
as the host city for the 2008 Olympics。
STRUCTURES
The Present Participle (4)
Perfect Form & Passive Form
A Focus
A1 Look at the pictures and read the sentences below.
Dick listened to the music and did his homework at the same time.
Alice listened to the music after she had finished her homework.
From the pictures and the sentences above, we learn that:
1. While doing his homework, Dick listened to the music.
2. Having done her homework, Alice listened to the music.
A2 Look at the pictures and read the sentences below.
The building was completed last month. It will be a new hotel.
The building is being constructed.
It will be the tallest one in our town.
From the pictures and the sentences above, we learn that:
1. The building completed last month will be a new hotel.
2. The building being constructed now will be the tallest one in our town.
The bold italic part in A1-2 is the perfect form of the present participle(现在分词的完成式)
and that in A2- 2 is the passive form of the present participle (现在分词的被动式)。
A3 Read the following sentences and underline the perfect form or the passive form of the
present participle phrases.
1. Having come to stand for the peak of human physical strength and will power, the skills
and determination demonstrated at the Olympics are always admired by the whole world.
2. Having come out number one many times in the Olympic events, Chinese athletes have
brought home one gold medal after another.
3. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the world witnessed Beijing being selected by the
International Olympic Committee as the host city for the 2008 Olympics.
4. Though once marked as "the Weaklings of East Asia", the Chinese have always been
looking forward to achieving the dream of becoming a sports giant.
5. Having run after him for two rounds, Danny found the boy not even dating to come near
him.
B Conclusion
· 现在分词的完成式用作状语，强调分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作开始前已经
完 成，或强调分词表示的动作持续一段时间后谓语动词表示的动作才发生。
· 现在分词的被动式可作定语或状语，除表示被动关系外，还表示这个被动的动作正在
进 行，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
C Practice
C1 Complete the following sentences with the given expressions in their present participle
form.
Use the perfect form when necessary.
1. ________________________, the young man started to install the computer. (read the
instructions)
2. The old lady, _________________________, knew how to take good care of him. (live
with the sick old man for so many years)
3. The professor, ___________________________, set out to write his paper. (succeed in his
experiment)
4. ______________________, Jacky was knocked down by a bike and was injured. (walk in
the street)
5. ______________________, the young man stopped to have a rest. (walk for two hours)
6. The football team, ________________________, started immediately to prepare for the
next one. (win the first match)
C2 Complete the following sentences with the passive form of present participles or present
participle phrases. Use the cues given and add by if necessary.
1. David stood by, watching the TV set _______________.
2. While ________________, the house suddenly collapsed and two workers were injured.
3. The thief ________________ was caught this morning.
4. The patient _________________ is a victim of a traffic accident.
5. The problem, ___________________, is under discussion.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
A Listening practice
Sports in Canada
A1 Listen to the dialogue and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or
false (F).
□ 1. In winter, skating is popular in Canada and in fact, all Canadians can skate.
□ 2. What people enjoy most is cross-country skiing at weekends.
□ 3. Baseball leagues are organised for grown-ups and children of different ages in summer.
□ 4. Volleyball is one of the commonest indoor sports.
□ 5. Track and field clubs are not often seen in Canada.
A2 Listen to the dialogue again and complete the statements next to the pictures.
1. In winter, ice hockey is probably _________________ sport in Canada.
2. Skiing is popular, too. The places where there is snow are ___________________.
3. In summer sailing is popular where there is ___________________.
4. ___________, ______________, and _________________ are the commonest indoor
sports.
5. If you __________________, you can find that _________________ are played
somewhere in Canada.
B Speaking practice
My favourite sport
B1 Practise the model dialogue and have a talk with your partner about your favourite
sports.
Model
A: Say, what's your favourite sport?
B: Hmmm ... it's hard to say. l like table tennis a lot -- but I guess l like basketball better.
A: I thought you would like football as most boys do.
B: Well, in playing basketball, you score more and I like the feeling of scoring. And the game
calls for a high degree of eye-hand coordination (协调), such as when passing, dribbling (运
球)and shooting. An NBA match is really a magic show.
A: Do you play much basketball?
B: Yes, quite a bit. How about a game sometime?
A: Sorry. I'm just a spectator -- football, baseball, I watch them all.
...
Popular sports in China
B2 Study the pictures below and name the sport shown in each. Then, work in groups and
have a discussion on:
Which are the most popular sports in China/
What is China's national sport?
How popular are these sports in China?
Which event(s) do you like best? Why?
USEFUL LANGUAGE
Talking about Scoring
■ The Red Team has scored three goals.
■ Peter and Jack tied for third. (并列第三)
■ He's won by a score of 3-1.
■ It's two-nil (零) to the visiting team.
■ The game ended in a draw (平局).
■ The game ended with the score 3-1.
■ They have beaten the team from Japan 2-1.
■ They are leading by 2-1.
■ The visiting team has lost to the local team 1-3.
■ Louise equaled the record.
C TASKS
Refer to "Useful Language" in B2 and describe an unforgettable sports event you have
watched or experienced.
STUDY SKILLS
A Understanding key words
Words that seem to give essential information are known as key words. They convey the
central idea of a text to its readers or listeners. They help a writer or speaker develop the theme in
a structured manner. When reading, pay special attention to the words that are highlighted (e.g.
underlined or italicized words, words in boldface, quotation marks or in brackets). Also, lay
emphasis on the words that express the most important information of a sentence (e.g. head nouns
and verbs of a sentence and essential modifiers). When listening, pay special attention to the parts
that are stressed.
Spotting key words helps us get hold of the theme. Key words also help us summarise a
passage. Try to understand the meaning of key words by means of the context (the words and
sentences around). Using a dictionary is always the last resort.
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