2024年3月8日发(作者：)

常见介词的用法

云南省巧家县第二中学（原巧家五中） 潘华祥 （654600）

介词属虚词，不能单独使用, 必须和名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语，在句中做表语，定语、状语、补语等成分。根据介词的用法，通常可以分为：时间、地点、趋向和其他四类介词。

一、表示时间的介词

1）、时间三姐妹 at, in, on.

① at常用于“在几点几分”如：at 7:00am/pm及某些固定法如：at noon, at night中；

②in 表“在某年、某月、某季节”及泛指“在上午／下午／晚上”如： in 2006, in summer,

in the morning/afternoon/evening,

③on 表“在某天及某天的上午／下午／晚上”如：

on Sunday, on May 2nd, on Monday morning, on a warm morning, on the morning of July 1st

2）、时间的前后 after, before

Eg. Don’t say that before you look at the picture.

After four days, she came to a deep river.

3）、时间的期限 by, till/until

Eg. By the time I arrived, she had already gone.

I won’t be free till/until Saturday afternoon

3）、时间的期限 by, till, until

Eg. By the time I arrived, she had already gone.

I won’t be free till Saturday afternoon.

4）、时间的期间 for, during

Eg. Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest.

During the lifetime of one man, it often happens a lot of things.

5）、时间的起点 from, since

workers was made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.

Since that time, my eyes had never been very good.

6）、时间的经过 in, within

Eg. I heard that she would be back in a month.

In this way, the message would be sent 500kms within a few hours.

二、地点和方位的介词

1、里面上面 in和 on, over, under 上下方, at在某一地点上。

2、 in front of 前,behind 后,in the middle of在中央。

3、 between两者, among仨, around表示在四方。

4、来自 from ,朝向to ,从中穿过用through ,表面跨过用across,沿着----走用along.

5、到上面 onto,进里面into ,在旁边用beside,在附近用 near (by).

三、表示手段和材料等的介词

1）by

Eg. What do you mean by this word？

I prefer traveling by train.

2）with—without

Eg. There is a cup with three legs.

You could cut it with a knife.

I went shopping with my mother.

She can’t finish her homework without the teacher’s help.

四、 其它介词。

1. with （１）在一起;

（２）有;

（３）用某种工具

in 用什么材料或语言，或表示衣着，声调特点等

by 用…手段

２. like 象…一样

as 作为；按照，象…一样（连词）＋ 句子

３．for（１）为了（表示目的或原因）

（２）（后面加一段时间）表示时间段4. against 反对 except， instead of

5. about 关于

6.动词＋介词/副词”短语的区别

•turn on/off/up/down; look at/for/after/over/up; put on/up/away/down;

be used for/as/by; be made by/in/of/from

例如：

What’s this in English?

The girl always talks _in_ a tired voice.

The boy in a jacket is my brother.

We are for peace(和平) against war.（战争）

All the boys are here except Tom.

介词用法口诀(一)

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。

将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。

注：① in the morning /afternoon /evening in the day

at dawn/daybreak(黎明) at noon at night at midnight

② in 2006, in July, in summer

③ Don't read in dim（暗淡的） light. in the bright sunlight

the woman in white (black, red, yellow) in brown shoes

④ They will come back in 10 days. I'll come round in a day or two.

We’ll be back in no time. Come and see me in two days’ time.

⑤ in China in Beijing at Qiaojia

介词用法口诀(二)

•in …(从现在开始) (从过去开始)

有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in ;

特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in

介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on

•on the second of January 或 on January the second

• on a summer evening

• on New Year‘s Day

• on my birthday

五、易混淆介词及词组归类

1、in ＋段时间，与将来时连用，表过一段时间之后

＋段时间，与过去时连用，表过一段时间之后

after

＋点时间，与将来时连用，表多少时间之后

Eg. He will be back after three o’clock.

He will be back in a few minutes.

He came back after three days.

2. in the east of （内含）（根据数学中两圆关系的判断 ）

to the east of （相离）

on the east of （外切）

3 in the tree （表示树上不能生长的东西） on the tree （表示能在树上生长的东西）

4. in the wall（在墙的内部） on the wall（在墙的表面）

5. be made of

由什么材料组成

( 看得出原材料 )

be made from （看不得出原材料）

be made in在哪里制造

be made by由什么人制造

used for被用来做什么

be used as被当作什么来使用

be used by由什么人来用

used to过去常常做某事

on 继续

go on doing sth / go on with sth接着做相同的事

go on to do sth 继续做不同的事

{

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六、在下列情况下，时间状语前不用介词：

1. 当时间状语是today, tonight, yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday

morning/afternoon/evening, tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening等时。

She went to the park yesterday.

I’ll be free tomorrow morning.

2.含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等的时间状语不用介词。

We are going to play basketball this afternoon.

I saw him in the street last Sunday.

My mother gets up early every morning.

We are working on the farm these days.

3.以all开头的时间状语。如：all day, all week, all year等前面不用介词。

He was busy all day yesterday.

She was ill in bed all week.

4.以some, any, one等构成的时间状语前不用介词。

You will feel sorry for it some day.

You can come and ask me any time you like.

This happened one winter morning.

•注意：当one变成a时，往往就要用介词on。

•This happened on a winter’s morning.

Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with the right prepositions

1)She was born _______the morning of April 22,1987.

2)Is there a report about the bad weather _______ today’s newspaper?

3)Go _______the bridge, you’ll find the museum on your left hand side.

4)Say “please!” when you ask ______somebody.

5)_______the time I arrived, the train had gone.

6)We visited him at his workplace _________ the young trees.

7)The artist has finished drawing the horse__________ five minutes.

8)Sometimes Mary could hear planes _________the trees.

9)Ma Lili argued ________ her best friend yesterday.

10)There is a wide bridge ________ the river.

11)Why would you like a girl instead________ a boy.

12)After class ,I’ll say something ________our summer holiday.

13)Look! She is standing ___________the tree.

14)Miss Zhao hurried off to look _________ the man.

15)Jane is behind Mary, Mary is _______________Jane.