物理专业英语名词解释

物理专业英语名词解释


2024年3月8日发(作者:)

专业英语

part one mechanics力学

chapter 1 kinematics—uniformly accelerated motion运动学,匀加速运动

frame of reference: 参照系

position vector and displacement 位置向量和位移

speed

velocity 速度

instantaneous velocity瞬时速度

velocity components速度分量

acceleration 加速度

graphical interpretation图像释义

uniformly accelerated motion along a straight line 匀加速直线运动

acceleration due to gravity (g) 重力加速度

projectile problems落体问题

relative motion相对运动

chapter 2 dynamics-- newton's laws of motion动力学 - 牛顿运动定律

general properties of forces in mechanics:力的基本性质

1 the law of universal gravitation万有引力定律

2the weight 重量

3 the tensile force 拉力

4 the normal force 法向力

5 the friction force 摩擦力

6 dimensional analysis三维分析

chapter 3 equilibrium平衡

concurrent forces共点力are forces whose lines of action all pass through a common point. the

forces acting on a point object are concurrent because they all pass through the same point, the

point object.

equilibrium 平衡

rigid body刚体

the torque (or moment) 转矩或力矩

the two conditions for equilibrium 平衡的两个条件

the center of gravity 重心

axis轴

chapter 4 work and energy功和能

kinetic energy (ke) 动能

conservative force保守力

⑵ gravitational (weight) potential energy (peg) 重力(重量)势能

⑵ elastic potential energy 弹性势能

the efficiency 效率

chapter 5 impulse and momentum

the linear momentum 冲量与动量

an impulse 冲量

collisions and explosions碰撞和爆炸

a perfectly elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞

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专业英语

coefficient of restitution恢复系数

the center of mass重心

chapter 6 rotation转动

the angular speed 角速度

the angular acceleration 角加速度

tangential 【数】切线;正切

centripetal acceleration ( )加速度

the centripetal force 向心力

chapter 7 rigid-body rotation刚体转动

the moment of inertia 转动惯量

parallel-axis theorem平行轴定理

chapter 8 elasticity弹性

elasticity弹性;弹力

the stress 【物】应力[u][c]

strain 应变

the elastic limit弹性极限

the shear modulus 切变模量

standard atmospheric pressure标准大气压

the hydrostatic pressure静水压力

equation of continuity连续性方程

the viscosity 粘度

spring弹簧

a restoring force 恢复力

simple harmonic motion 简谐运动

vibratory motion 振动运动

the period ( ) 【数】循环节;周期

the frequency ( ) 频率

the elastic potential energy 弹性势能

the simple pendulum 单摆

chapter 11 wave motion波动

a propagating wave 波传播

wave terminology波术语

in-phase vibrations同相振动

standing waves驻波

conditions for resonance共振的条件

longitudinal (compressional) waves 纵向(挤压)波

chapter 12 sound声音

the intensey (i) 强度

loudness 响度

beats节拍

doppler effect 多普勒效应

interference effects 干扰效应

part two thermodynamics热力学

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专业英语

chapter 1 the kinetic theory of gases第1章气体动力学理论

avogadro's number ( ) 阿伏伽德罗数()

the root mean square speed根均方速度

the absolute temperature绝对温度

the mean free path (m.f.p.) 平均自由程(m.f.p.)

the equipartition theorem of energy 能量均分定理

ideal gas law理想气体定律

heat 热

the internal energy 内部能量

an isobaric process is a process carried out at constant pressure. 等压过程是恒压进行的过程。

an isovolumic process is a process carried out at constant volume等容过程是在定容进行了过程

an isothermal process is a constant-temperature process. 等温过程,是一个恒温的过程。

an adiabatec process is one in which no heat is transferred to or from the system. 绝热过程是一个在无热量或从系统中转移到。

specific heats of gases比热气体

specific heat ratio ( )比热比()

entropy熵

disorder无序

the most probable state 最概然状态

part three electromagnetism电磁

electric charge电荷

electrostatic field静电场

superposition principle叠加原理

equipotential surface等势面

potential gradiant电势梯度

dielectrics电介质

electrostatic induction静电感应

capacitance电容

parallel-plate capacitor平行板电容器

polarization极化

resistance电阻

ammeter and voltmeter电流表和电压表

resistivity电阻率

magnetic phenomena磁现象

the magnetic moment磁矩

torque on a flat coil平面线圈上的扭矩

magnetic permeability磁导率

electromagnetic induction电磁感应

inductance 电感

self-inductance 自感

mutual inductance互感

inductor 电感器

electric generators 发电机

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专业英语

electric motors电机

alternating current交流电

the impedance ( ) . 阻抗(z)。

resonance共振

a transformer 变压器

part four optics光学

geometrical optics几何光学

electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射

plane mirrors平面镜

spherecal mirrors 球面镜

mirror equation镜公式

refraction折射

index of refraction ( )折射率(n)

critical angle临界角

a prisim 棱镜

thin lense薄透镜

magnifying glass放大镜

a microscope显微镜

a telescope望远镜

interference 干涉

diffraction衍射

coherent waves 相干波

single-slit diffraction单缝衍射

limit of resolution 极限分辨率

diffraction grate衍射光栅

optical path length光程

par t5 -----chapter 3 the structure of atoms原子结构

postulate公理

the spectral lines 谱线

energy-level diagrams能级图

emission of light光发射

absorption of light光的吸收

multielectron atoms多电子原子

a neutral atom中性原子

the pauli exclusion principle泡利不相容原理

part five modern physics近代物理

the special theory of relativity狭义相对论

simultaneity同时性

proper time 固有时间

time dilation时间膨胀

length contraction长度收缩

velocity addition formula速度加法公式

chapter 2 quantum physics and wave mechanics量子物理学和力学波

quanta of radiation量子辐射

photoelectric effect光电效应

the momentum of a photon一个光子的动量

resonance of de broglee waves 德布罗意共振波

the wave-particle duality波粒二象性

heisenberg uncertainty principle海森堡测不准原理

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