2024年3月8日发(作者：)
潘赟《作文九宫格》总结
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CH1总论
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要求：
● 字数：应用 100-120 短文 160-200 每行 10-12
● 时间：应用文 15（2+12+1） 短文 40（3+35+2）
● 常见错误：that 从句，三单，标点，时态
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写作策略：语言 > 结构 > 内容
● 语言 – 词语
● 词语准确，在能保证意思准确的情况下，尽量写更不通用的具体的词；
● 多变：
● think —— contend, claim, argue, hold the view that, as far as I can c, from my
personal perspective, from my point of view, to my way of thinking, in my eyes,
in my mind, it’s generally believed that, as is known 2 all, it is well-known that
● People —— individual 个体，resident 居民，citizen 公民
● 分类：men and women, old and young
● More and more —— an increasing number of xxs, increasingly xxous
● Important —— significant, crucial, essential, critical; of great/utmost
importance; Of great importance is…
● 温暖：
● 动词前 + 形容词：
● vividly depict, subtly reveal, strongly believe, differ
considerably/markedly/clearly/slightly
● 形容词前 + 副词：
● fairly useful, really helpful, utterly/completely different, rather difficult, fast
enough
● 名次前 + 形容词：
● utmost importance, in my humble opinion, intense/fierce competition,
comprehensive/sustainable development, effective/efficient action
● 并列，押韵：
● in a reasonable and rational way, effective and efficient measure, limited
and little effort, prejudicial and partial report
● 语言 – 句子
● 准确：
● 五种简单句：主谓，主谓宾，主系表， 主谓双宾，主谓宾宾补
● 复杂原则：
● + 形容词副词，+ 插入语，+ 介词结构作状语（in xx），非限定状从（which …）
● 多样原则：
● 倒装句：
● 地点状语 + 谓语 + 主语：
● In the sunshine stands a young lady.
● only：Only in this way can we enjoy a better life.
● 形容词/名词 + as + 主谓：Tired as he is,
● 强调句：
● It is/was 主语 that/who 谓语
● 虚拟语气：
● 是该…时候：
● It’s high time that we took effective and efficient methods to solve the
problem
● 虚拟语气省略倒装：
● if 引导的虚拟条件句，省略 if，条件句中的主谓倒装
● Were I you, I would choose another course.
● were it to be used in other situations, a negative effect would result.
● were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price.
● 省略句：
● 时间状语从句省略：
● When (u’r) in Rome, do as Rome do.
● 条件状语从句省略：
● if necessary, if -possible, if true
● 最高级：
● 比较级 + 否定 = 最高级
● 结构：九宫格
● 基本结构：描述图画（包含要点 & 次重点），阐释图画意义（举例/原因/结果论证），个人评论（给出具体意见/建议）
● 九宫格：主体：147
● ｜开头段｜0话题引起｜1图画描述｜2图画总结｜40-60
● ｜中间段｜3意义引出｜4意义论证｜5意义升华｜60-80
● ｜结尾段｜6归纳评论｜7建议措施｜8憧憬未来｜50-60
● 层次鲜明：关联词的运用（”为介词）
● 列举/次序：
● first, firstly, first of all, t begin with, in the first place, for one thing;
● second, secondly, in the second place, for another;
● finally, last but not least;
● 递进：
● besides, plus, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, more
important;
● 举例：
● for instance, as an illustration, to illustrate;
● 对比：
● similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important;
● on the countrary, conversely, by/in contrast, whereas, otherwise;
● 让步：
● though, despite”, it’s true that, admittedly;
● 转折：
● yet, however, nevertheless, instead;
● 原因：
● as, since, owing to”, due to”, on account of”;
● 结果：
● thus, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a consequence, on
that account;
● 强调：
● actually, in fact, indeed, chiefly, particularly;
● 总结：
● in conclusion/short/brief/summary, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude;
● 内容：
● 别跑题：站在大部分考生的立场思考问题
● 以人为本，三个关系：人自身发展，人与他人和社会发展，人与自然发展；
● 例子多用；
● 正/负/中立，确定后用明确的感情色彩写；
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CH2短文写作
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1 话题引起
● 第一段
● 要点：至少要描述画面；
● 加分点：第一句引出主题，最后一句概括评价，并引出下文；
● 社会现象：
● The past several years/decades/centuries have witnessed a (not uncommon) social
phenomenon that …
● 人们慢慢意识到：
● There’s an increasing/expanding/mounting national/worldwide
awareness/consciousness/concern of the importance/detriment/i&d(重要性和有害性并存)/pros and cons of …
● 负面话题转化正面话题：
● In no country/area other than B, it is been said, is the problem of A more
serious/severe/adverse(不利)/exciting/favorable(有利).
● 现象：
● Almost no one in A can fail to notice/pay attention to the phenomenon/issue(问题)/situation that …
● 热点新闻：
● Recently, it often hits the headlines of the newspaper/journal/periodical(期刊) that
A, which has aroused/provoked/awaken a heated/intense discussion among the
public.
● 热门话题：
● These days, there’s a hot topic among the general public (关于，+ 名词)
concerning/regarding/respecting/in/with reference to …
● These days, one of the hottest topics arousing general concern is …
●
2 图画描述
● 总公式：如图所示，基本公式。+ （关联词，第二幅图描述）+ 文字说明
● 如图所示
● As is (vividly) shown in the (ridiculous) picture,
● It’s vividly/subtly/symbolically/clearly
shown/described/revealed/portrayed/illustrated in the ridiculous/thought-provoking/eye-catching picture/cartoon/drawing/photograph/ ~portrayal~ /
~caricature~ (讽刺漫画) that …
● 关联词：
● 主题相同：
● similarly, likewise, furthermore, moreover
● 主题相反：
● yet, on the contrary, unfortunately, ironically, regrettably
● 通用：
● meanwhile
● 基本公式：
● 在哪里 谁 在干啥， （详细的）在干啥，with （详细的）在干啥。P30-34
● 两幅图：
● 找两幅图关系 – 对应关联词 – 分别描述图画
● 中文小标题：
● 直译：
● The caption reads/ Just as the caption indicates/ The subtitle reads/indicates
● 意译：
● When reviewing the subtitle, one cannot help wondering/ Hence, the picture
connotes a major theme of
● 题目：
● Below the drawing, there is a topic which says
●
3 图画总结：承上启下
● 直接默写以下句子即可！
● Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning of it is as deep as the ocean.
● ~Ridiculous as it is, what the caricature conveys to us is thought-provoking.~
● Not only informative is the implication, but instructive as well.
● The author’s real purpose/true meaning is not the picture itself, but to lead us to
find what hides behind the picture.
● what is depicted in the picture seems exaggerated/abstract/ridiculous, which has
attracted extensive attention of the society.
● But is this what the author tries to tell/convey to us? Certainly/Apparently not.
● 中间段：论证分析
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4 引出意义
● 重视：
● Undoubtedly, the purpose of the drawing is to show us that due attention should
be paid to …
● 社会现象：
● Conspicuously, the drawing symbolically reveals a not uncommon social
phenomenon in our daily life: …
● 揭示关系：
● The ~metaphorical~ (极富寓意)/exaggerative/ridiculous and impressive picture has
subtly revealed/demonstrated the relationship between … and …
● 精神品质：
● This picture illustrates/reflects the true meaning of …, by underlining the fact
that … is a kind of mental/physical strength, which can support us no matter how
hard/dark/indifferent the world/interpersonal communication around us becomes.
● 有利/害：
● Actually, the author strives to send out an abundantly apparent message that … is
of extreme detriment(有害)/supreme importance to one’s success.
● 万能1：
● What lies behind the picture or “buried” in … is conspicuous:
● … is not only necessary but indispensable as well.
● … is not only harmful but damaging as well.
● the significance/merit of … coexists with the detriment.
● 万能2：
● It goes without a saying/There’s no denying that its symbolic/abstract message
that/of … has gone beyond the picture itself.
●
5 意义阐释
● 定义和解释
● 下定义：将抽象词展开 + 引入下文
● What is the definition of 主题词 ? 主题词, just like 事件, is 事件中的做法.
● Non-stop —— running —— never stop making progress
● cooperation —— teamwork —— the combination of individual’s strength
● It’s hard to define … So-called … is …
● 再解释：将主题词从反面再说一遍 In other words/namely/to be specific
● 联系社会实际：三步走 不常用
● 分别找出图中事物，一一对应象征事物，用“象征词”链接图中物和象征物
● 象征词：
● symblolize/be reserved as/represent/embody
● 举例和调查
● 注意题干要求是要一个例子 an example 还是 examples 要多个例子！
● 引出例子：
● for instance; A case in point is …;
● The point is best illustrated/demonstrated by the example of …
● Our human history has been filled with a wide variety of examples on XX,
with the following one/XX being the most persuasive.
● Among the touching facts relating to this topic that I’ve heard, noticed
and experienced, the most impressive one is …
● Numerous illustrations can be given, but this will suffice:
● 例句总结：
● It’s only one of the various examples I’ve ever heard/read/encountered.
Similar stories happen everyday.
● This is not an isolated example. In reality, many people will do similarly in
the same situation.
● 科学调查：
● A recent survey can back up my point. The survey conducted by PKU, after
polling sb., has found that a significant percentage of respondents claimed
that …
● 万能例子：
● Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, starts from scratch yet develops Alibaba
into one of the most valuable technology companies in the world after
raising $25 billion from its US IPO.
● // TODO
● 详细举例：引出例子 – 背景介绍 – 例子定义 – 调查展开 – 例子总结 P67
● 原因和后果
● 引出原因：
● What exactly contributes to this phenomenon? It’s a thought-provoking
and foremost … In addition …
● 引出后果：
● 中性
● There seem to be more than one direct or indirect effects involved in …,
which none of us can fail to notice. Firstly..
● 坏
● The problem mentioned above is bound to generate several consequences
if we keep turning a blind eye to it/if it’s left unfettered. First, …
● 常见因果：效率 发展 环境 健康 经济 便利 文化教育 社交情感
● + :
● contribute to/advance/boost/exert a positive influence/conductive
● – :
● nothing but a wast of/hamper/suffer a great destruction/pose a threat
to/exacerbate/undermine/detrimental influence
● 万能原因
● 政府 & 法律：
● There might be a loophole(漏洞) in law about…
● Due to a lack of Pertinent laws and regulations,
● Current enforcement of laws and regulations might be ineffective or
inefficient.
● 媒体 & 社会：
● Coverage of mass media might be partial or exaggerated.
● A lack of social concern over … leads to …
● 公民行动 & 意识：
● A lack of the individual consciousness of … results in …
● 对立观点分析（中立话题）
● 引出争议：
● When it comes to XX, views/notions might vary from person to person.
● Never before in history has the phenomenon of XX been talked so much as
nowadays.
● As a matter of fact, this comic/caricature with a dual meaning asks us a
controversial question: Is this phenomenon a blessing or a curse? Views
might …
● In fact, there is no consensus of opinions among people over the issue of …
● 可以直接默写的句子：
● Each coin has two sides, and this issue is no exception.
● There is much controversy over this trend.
● In fact, this matter is still open to discussion.
● 正方理由 + 观点：
● On one hand/For one thing, some people hold the view that/incline to … To be
specific, they claim/argue/state/assert that … For instance, …
● As is indicated in the popular wisdom that …, there is always a reason to say
“Yes.” Moreover, some people argue that …
● 反方理由 + 观点：
● On the other hand, a majority/minority of people maintain that … To begin
with, Furthermore, For instance .
● Nevertheless, other people adopt a completely different view, arguing that …
● However, those who strongly oppose are not among the minority. They hold
that …
● 缩略版：让步段
● 引出争议 – 正方观点 – 反方观点 – 反方理由（ – 举例 ）
● In fact, this issue has long been a matter of debate. Admittedly, a minority
of people may hold the view that … Yet, a majority of people hold the other
side of this picture. Listed below are their reasons. Firstly, Secondly, For
instance .
● 引出争议 – 对方观点 – 批判对方 – 自己观点
● In fact, there is much controversy over this trend. Granted, some people
argue that this XX phenomenon is positive. However, in my eyes, this
argument tends to be partial/too extreme/logically irrelevant/filled with
obvious flaws. To the best of my knowledge, this is harmful, mainly
because …
● 利弊分析：
● +:
● beneficial for
● The advantages of XX far outweigh its disadvantages.
● It’ll give rise to a number of benefits.
● It will bring a multitude of strengths.
● -:
● detrimental to
● The disadvantages of XX far outweigh its advantages.
● bring countless drawbacks/give rise to a host of problems
●
6意义总结
● +-
● How can we, not being XX, know the happiness of him/her?
● +
● Were there no XX, never would we taste the happiness of life.
● –
● Were the negative impact of this situation to continue, we would pay a heavy
price.
● +
● Without XX, how could it be possible for XX to achieve the ultimate goal?
● 总结 + 过渡
● 结尾段：评论
● 评价 + 建议 + 憧憬未来（+ 名人名言画龙点睛）
● 6 评价归纳
● +
● In view of/Considering/Given every aspect of this phenomenon, we should
bear in mind that …
● –
● This situation being so severe/acute/grave/dire, it’s high time that we took(过去时虚拟语气) measures to take effective and efficient measures to …
● +-
● If used carelessly or without restraint, … could turned out to be a double-edged sword.
● +-
● From my part, whether the ultimate effect of … is good or not, one thing is
certain that … in itself is neither good or bad. It is the uses to which it is out
that determine its value to society.
● +-
● When considering opinions of both sides, I’m inclined to be in favor of the
former/latter one./I found that pros and cons are of equal weight./I intend to
believe that advantage far outweigh the disadvantages./I commit to the notion
that flaws far outweigh the merits.
● +-
● On the basis of the factors mentioned above, we may draw a conclusion that …
●
7 建议措施
● 扬长避短：直接默写
● In terms of …, we should take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite fact.
● We should, therefore/by and large/all in all, as the common saying goes, “absorb
the essence and neglect the drawbacks”.
● What we should do is to encourage the strengths and diminish the weakness.
● 媒体
● The mass media, such as radio,television and the Internet, should make every effort
to propagate and advocate the positive thing/reveal and prevent the negative
thing.
● We must promote and popularize XX among the public from every detail in our
daily life.
● 政府
● (4 1 thing) The gov should shoulder the responsibility to educate every citizen to …
● (4 another) Laws and regulations should be worked out and enforced to …
● Laws must be passed to prohibit sb. from doing …
● 个人
● take for practical actions/ enhance the consciousness of/
● The cultivation of … depends on the active participation of every citizen of our
society.
●
8 憧憬未来
● 直接默写
● 负面
● With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the problem
will be solved in the near future.
● With appropriate laws and alert public, it will only be a matter of time before
the problem becomes a thing of past.
● Only through the efforts of both the government and the individuals can we
curb the current undesirable phenomenon and build up a more harmonious
society.
● If all the solutions are put into practice, the prospect will become more
desirable.
● 憧憬未来
● Only with these measures/by the joint efforts of the whole society can we make
our world more colorful and vigorous/create a real conservation-minded/saner
society.
● By waiting and hoping, we will be able to achieve our ultimate goal and
embrace a bright future.
● Looking further ahead, we can say with full confidence that only in this way can
we expect a more healthy young generation.
●
CH3 应用文写作
● 书信
● 先分清私人/公务
● 称呼 Dear Sir/Madam Dear Mr./Ms.+name Dear Prof./Editors
● 开头：1除了私人信函，先介绍自己；2写信目的
● 中间：总 The relevant details are as follows.
● 内容：分 对提纲要求改写？咨询顺序？无提纲 – what why how
● 问对方：
● I wonder if you will be available at
● 提建议：
● What about ? How about doing sth?
● 说自己：
● As/Since/Because
● 结尾：背诵（感谢+求回+常联系）
● 礼貌语&署名：不熟/名字未知-Yours faithfully/truly 一般-Yours sincerely 好友-Yours
● P245 语言 P247 句式
● 通知
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