2024年3月5日发(作者：)

Abstract部分是文章的浓缩与精华，整理一下5个部分常用的句型：

The Stock Phrases for Stating the Background Information about the Investigation：

1. Less is known about the later survival or reproduction of such persons.

2. It is not known, however, whether there is a threshold weight below which morbidity

and mortality are significantly greater.

3. The use of systemic corticosteroids is a risk factor for the development of posterior

subscapsular cataracts, but the association between inhaled corticosteroids and

cataracts is uncertain.

4. Data are limited on the attitudes and practices of physicians regarding assisting the

suicide of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.

5. Limited information is available on trends in the incidence of and mortality due to

carcinogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.

6. There is a dearth of literature in the area of the psychopharmacological management of

depression in cancer patients.

7. The role of climate has received relatively little attention.

8. Previous studies have demonstrated that a small number of the 125 medical schools in

the United States receive a disproportionately large share of the research awards

granted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) .

9. A growing body of evidence suggests that electromagnetic interference may occur

between cardiac pacemakers and wireless hand-held (cellular) telephones, posing a

potential public health problem.

10. Posteroventral medial pallidotomy sometimes produces striking improvement in patients

with advanced Parkinson’s disease, but the studies to date have involved small numbers

of patients and short-term follow-up.

The Stock Phrases for Stating the Principal Objective(s) and Scope of the Investigation：

1. We tested the hypothesis that early therapy with inhaled glucocorticoids would

decrease the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.

2. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate early revascularization in patients with

cardiogenic shock.

3. We hypothesized that pre-patient charges would increase during the base year and then

decrease in subsequent years.

4. We examined the relation between physicians’ experience with AIDS and the survival of

their patients with AIDS.

5. We investigated the potential role of anorexic agents and other suspected risk factors

for primary pulmonary hypertension.

6. We assessed whether the distributes of NIH research awards to medical schools

changed between 1986 and 1977.

7. We performed a study to determine whether routine testing helps reduce the incidence

of intraoperative and postoperative medical complications.

8. To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission of

human immunodeficiency virus type ( HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using data

on individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies.

9. The aim of this study was to detect the extent of non-compliance with treatment of

schizophrenic patients and assess the effectiveness of the intervention program.

10. The purpose of our study was to determine the value of noninvasive measurements of

the velocity of blood flow in the fetal middle cerebral artery for the diagnosis of fetal

anemia.

11. This study focused on physicians’ assessments of changes in the scope of care provided

by primary care physicians and their assessments of the appropriateness of the scope of

the care that primary care physicians are expected to provide.

12. To address this question, we studied the function of airway epithelial cells and

determined the frequency of pulmonary symptoms in patients with systemic

pseudohypoaldosteronism, a salt-losing disorder caused loss-of-function mutations in

the genes for the epithelial sodium channel.

The Stock Phrases for Describing the Methods Employed：

1. We conducted a randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled beclomethasone or placebo in

253 infants.

2. We analyzed the neonatal outcomes of death.

3. We conducted an observational study of 9076 residents of metropolitan Worcester,

Massachusetts.

4. Using data from the Civil Registration System in Denmark, we established a

population-based cohort of 1.75 million persons whose mothers were Danish women

born between 1935 and 1978.

5. Data on preterm infants (those born at 24 to 36 weeks of gestation) were analyzed

separately from data on infants delivered at term (37 or more weeks of gestation).

6. Our study included periods before and after the advent of reperfusion therapy.

7. The surveillance system was based on voluntary reporting with the use of a standard

case-report form.

8. The children with cerebral palsy were compared with randomly selected control

children with respect to characteristics noted in the birth records.

9. Cluster analysis was chosen as it offers a statistically sound means of delineating

natural grouping within data.

10. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data.

The Stock Phrases for Summarizing the Results：

1. The results of a multivariable regression analysis indicated that the patients hospitalized

during recent study years were not at a substantially lower risk for shock than patients

hospitalized in the mid-to-late 1970s.

2. The incidence of cardiogenic shock remained relatively stable over time averaging 7.1

percent among patients with acute myocardial infarction.

3. Results suggested that the effects of stress have more to do with the characteristics of

the work environment and overall workload than with the degree of specialization on

the unit.

4. Blood pressure was correlated inversely with monthly maximal temperature and

directly with minimal humidity.

5. There was no clinically significant interference when the telephone was placed in the

normal position over the ear.

6. Adjusting for the use of systemic corticosteroids and other potential confounders had

little effect on the magnitude of the associations.

7. Being on leave was found to be associated with the need for assistance with

transportation, limitations in upper-body strength, and employment in jobs requiring

physical activity.

8. After adjusting for these factors, the racial difference was reduced and no longer

statistically significant.

9. The trial did not have sufficient statistical power to detect differences in survival to

hospital discharge, which differed only slightly between the two groups.

10. These associations persisted when the data were stratified according to and controlled

for 16 biologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral risk factors.

11. There were no significant adverse effects of vitamin E.

12. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that the cone angles of synthetic cores were

indeed quantized into the five allowed angles.

The Stock Phrases for Stating the Principal Conclusion(s)：

1. These findings may have relevance to human neurodevelopment disorders involving

prenatal (drug-abusing mothers) or postnatal (pediatric anesthesia) exposure to drugs

that block NMDA receptors.

2. This finding emphasizes the importance of achieving cures and of preventing anyone

with infectious tuberculosis.

3. These findings may have implications for antihypertensive therapy in different parts of

the world.

4. These observations suggest that the core of HIV is organized on the principles of a

fullerene cone, in analogy to structures recently observed for elemental carbon.

5. Selective manipulations of activity at these sites may offer therapeutic possibilities for

treating chronic pain.

6. The discovery of this DNA demethylase should provide a basis for the molecular and

developmental analysis of the role of DNA methylation and demethylation.

7. This new technique shows promise as a noninvasive method of diagnosing pulmonary

embolism without the need for ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast material.

8. Efforts to increase the rate of surgical treatment for black patients appear to be a

promising way of improving survival in this group.

9. A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against IgE has potential as a

treatment for subjects with moderate or severe allergic asthma.

10. Our data do not support the hypothesis that everyday exercise is related to the risk of

breast cancer.

11. Our analyses suggest that the lower survival rate among black patients with early-stage,

non-small-cell lung cancer, as compared with white patients, is largely explained by the

lower rate of surgical treatment among blacks.

12. Infliximab is an efficacious treatment for fistulas in patients with Crohn’s disease.

13. High-frequency microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer is independently predictive

of a relatively favorable outcome and, in addition, reduces the likelihood of metastases.