2024年3月5日发(作者：)

定语从句+构词法

在阅读中的总要作用

知识点回顾：

关系代词指人 指物 既指人又指物

主格词 who which that

宾格词 who(m)

属格词 whose/of whom whose/of which whose

限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用;非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中,先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。

构词法

Prefix

Meaning

Key Word

antifreeze

anti-

against

opposite

de-

defrost

disagree

dis-*

not, opposite of

cause to

en-, em-

encode, embrace

forecast

fore-

before

in

in-, im-

infield

injustice, impossible

in-, im-, il-, ir-*

not

between

inter-

interact

midway

mid-

middle

wrongly

mis-

misfire

nonsense

non-

not

over over-

overlook

1

pre-

before

prefix

return

re-*

again

half

semi-

semicircle

submarine

sub-

under

above

super-

superstar

transport

trans-

across

not

un-*

unfriendly

undersea under- under

典礼分析：

People (who use cross-country skiing as a workout) over several weeks will discover( that the muscles of their entire body

increase in strength. )

1. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people (who use cross-country skiing as a

workout method over several weeks )will also discover that their heart is stronger. Enlarge

However, managers（ that possess their own enclosed offices） might have the feeling of being distant(远的) from their

clerks, which leads to high pressure.

3. In contrast,相反 a landscape office makes it easier and more pleasant for employees to communicate with their

managers or their colleagues; this would result in speeding up work efficiency and productivity.

4. Some opponents claim that a landscape office would lead to the decline of the value of work satisfaction and

motivation from employees. However, the result from other researchers remained controversial有争议的; in their

opinion there are several factors which affect job satisfaction and motivation. Keep=stay=remain

Supporter反opponent claim 声明 宣称

5. Although the benefits of a landscape office outweigh those of an enclosed office, which layout is better should be

decided by the characteristics of the people and the type of work they do.

特点 特性

the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars,

the best solution）lp the millions （who are

dying in the meantime）, sh-tech solutions are now on the cards.正在酝酿中

Technology

r promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “war against pollution” in 2014. A

seven-metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing’s 751 D Park in

September 2016.

9.“It means that you are actually taking carbon(碳) out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,”

says Dring.

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10. It’s extremely important to question and to use every verification(验证) method available before publication.” Yet those

working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated because, in the words of some senior editors, “a click is a

click, regardless of the advantage of a story”. And, “if the story does turn out to be false, it’s simply a chance for another

bite at the cherry.”

实战应用

Passage one

Millions of migratory（迁徙的）birds occupy seasonally favorablebreeding（繁殖）grounds

in the Arctic,but scientists know little about the formation,maintenance and future of the

migration routes of Arctic birds and the genetic determinants of migratory distance．In a new

study,a multinational team of researchers under the leadership of Dr．ZHAN Xiangjiang from the

Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences integrated two state-of-the-art

techniques-satellite tracking and whole genome sequencing（基因排序）-and established a continental-scale migration

system of peregrine falcons in Eurasian Arctic．

The researchers tracked 56 peregrine falcons from six Eurasian Arctic breeding populations and sequenced 35 genomes

from four of these populations to study the migration of this species．They found that the birds used five migration routes

across Eurasia,probably established between the last Ice Age22,000 years ago and the middle-Holocene6,000 years

ago．“Peregrine falcons initiated their autumn migration mainly in September,and arrived at their wintering areas mainly in

October，"said Professor Mike Bruford,an ecologist at Cardiff University．“Peregrine falcons that depart from different

breeding grounds use different routes,and winter at widely distributed sites across four distinct regions．Individual birds that

were tracked for more than one year exhibited strong path repeatability during migration,complete loyalty to wintering

locations and limited breeding dispersal（扩散）。”

The researchers quantified the migration strategies and found that migration distance is the most significant

differentiation．They used whole genome sequencing and found a gene-ADCY8， which is known to be involved in

long-term memory in other animals in previous research-associated with differences in migratory distance．They found

ADCY8 had a variant at high frequency in long-distance migrant populations of peregrine falcons,indicating this variant is

being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long-term memory thought to be essential for long-distance

migration．

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"Previous studies have identified several candidate genomic regions that may regulate migration-but our work is the

strongest demonstration of a specific gene associated with migratory behavior yet identified，"Professor Bruford said．The

researchers further looked at models of likely future migration behavior to predict the impact of global warming．If the

climate warms at the same rate as it has in recent decades,they predict peregrine populations in western Eurasia have the

highest probability of population decline and may stop migrating altogether．

“Our work is the first to begin to understand the way ecological factors may interact in migratory birds，"said

Dr．ZHAN Xiangjiang．“We hope it will serve as a cornerstone to help conserve migratory species in the world．”

27．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？

A．Five birds'historical migration routes were rebuilt．

B．Peregrine falcons stick to the areas where they winter．

C．Two novel research methods of migration were invented．

D．Peregrine falcons leave for Arctic regions in September．

28．What can we infer about ADCY8？

A．It is a newly-discovered gene in the new study．

B．It serves as a fundamental part of long-distance migration．

C．It could be strengthened by the power of long-term memory．

D．It turned out to be more favored by birds than the other animals．

29．What is special about the new study？

A．It has discovered a new genomic region of birds．

B．It has predicted the rate at which the climate warms．

C．It analyses the reasons for the decrease of peregrine falcons．

D．It encourages attention to environmental effects on migratory birds．

30．Which would be the best title for this passage？

A．Researchers Help Conserve Migratory Species

B．Biologists Find Evidence of Migration Gene in Birds

C．How Long-term Memory Helps Long-distance Migration

D．How Ecological Factors Affect Birds'Migratory Distances

Passage two

One of the great things about pictures is that they make no demands on you．You can look as long as you like and walk

away at any time．There's a freedom in the arrangement that's different from going to the movies,concerts or the

theater．Occasionally,people always say they feel intimidated by art．On the one hand,I get it．Some in the art world,wanting

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to establish their authority,fall back on abstractions to create a zone of exclusion．It can be insufferable．But on the other

hand,what field doesn't see a version of this phenomenon？Have you tried understanding cellular biology？Contract law？In my experience,there is less of this complex talk around art than around most other fields．

Art is a wide field．It's deep．It's diverse．You can come at the subject from countless angles．People seem to have been

making art since the beginning,so the subject is an inseparable part of the whole history of humanity．So yes,things can get

complicated．But,in the end,we're talking about pictures and sculptures．How hard is it to look at a painting？How difficult

is it to walk around a sculpture？Children get it immediately．They know there's no right or wrong when it comes to looking

at art．There are just things to notice,to test against our imperfect sense of the truth,and to fold into our various conceptions

of beauty．Things we notice may cause feelings．They may lead to ideas．They might equally provide a release from ideas--a

release into wonder, and into new kinds of awareness connected to your body,your senses,and your general state of

existential confusion．What I notice will be different from what you notice．That's how it goes with art．

More than the political or economic conditions of any given era,it is art that later generations most want to

remember．We remember Picasso and Matisse with more love than General Francisco Franco or Marshall Petain．And we

remember the Beatles and Francis Bacon over the chief ministers of Britain in the 1960s．That's because the arts--and I

define the term as broadly as possible--reveal the best of us．It's because they combine the most intelligent and the most

feeling of us．They testify,most fundamentally,to the fact that we're alive,that people lived before us, that as a species we're

capable of making the most extraordinary things,and that human consciousness and the world beyond it are nothing short of

astonishing．

Again and again,art expresses that astonishment-that mixture of wonder and disappointment,knowing and

unknowing,pleasure and pain,joy and fear．

31．What does the underlined word "intimidated"in Paragraph 1 probably mean？

A．Misled． B．Inspired． C．Frightened． D．Attracted．

32．What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs？

A．Art is complicated but easy．

B．Art is as complex as other fields．

C．Art is insufferable due to its abstraction．

D．Art is an inseparable part of human history．

33．Why does the author mention several famous people in Paragraph 3？

A．To emphasize artists are more adorable．

B．To illustrate the superior position of art．

C．To show art can spread in a broader area．

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D．To compare political and artistic figures．

34．According to the passage,the author may agree that______．

A．abstract concepts can block humans'insights

B．art is a combination of unsettled contradictions

C．humans should try to perfect their thoughts of beauty

D．the appeal of art lies in its reflection of the best of man

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