2024年3月5日发(作者：)

翻译术语汉译英

decomposition分义法

specification具体化法

abstraction抽象化法

compensation补偿法

corresponding套译法/对应法

Diction选词法

Deduction演绎法

Transplant移植法

Extension引申/词义扩大法

Substitution替代/假借法

Explanation解释/阐述法

Literal Translation and Free Translation直译与意译

Combination合译/缀合法

Pictographic Translation形象翻译法

Transliteration音译法

1、子曰，“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也；不以其道得之，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎成名?君子无终食之间违仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。”(《论语》)

2、虽有佳肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。是故学，然后知不足；教，然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也，知困，然后能自强也。故曰，教学相长也。

3、文学的工具是语言文字。我们第一须认识语言文字，其次须有运用语言文字的技巧。这事看来似乎很容易，因为一般人日常都在运用语言文字；但是实在极难，因为文学要用平常的语言文字产生不平常的效果。文学家对语言文字的了解，必须比一般人都较精确，然后可以运用自如。他必须懂得字的形声义，字的组织以及音义与组织对于读者所产生的影响。这主要包含语文学、逻辑学、文法、美学和心理学。

4、国际互联网最初是为美国国防部建立的一个试验性网络，现在涵盖了世界范围内的2000多万台计算机，估计每年还要增加50万台。它提供电子邮件、数以千计的简报式新闻以及各种数据库服务。你可以用电子邮件把问候语与电视图像、声音、数据等压缩在一起。更重要的是，它通过大信息量的数据交换促进人们之间的合作。人们已经进行了在互联网现场传输声音和图像的实验。互联网的庞大规模使它有望成为信息高速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的用户和多媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度，这是信息高速公路的核心技术问题。

Key sheet

1. The master said, "Wealth and rank are what everyone desires; but if they have

to be obtained in an improper way, a gentleman must not accept them. Poverty and

meanness are what everyone abhors; but if they are to be removed in an improper way,

a gentleman can never release himself from them. Once a gentleman parts with

benevolence, how can he achieve his fame? Never for a moment could he go against

benevolence. He should cherish benevolence all the time, even when he is in a great

hurry or wanders about in a desperate plight.”

2. Even when there is good food, you will not know its deliciousness, if you don't

taste it; even when there is a good doctrine, you will not know its virtue, if you don't

learn it. Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us

know our difficulties. Having realized our deficiency, we may then come to reflect;

having known our difficulties, we may be able to strengthen ourselves to overcome

them. So we say, to teach is to learn.

3. The implement of literature is the language. First we have to know the

language, and then we must be armed with the craft of using it. The thing looks easy,

as all of us use the language every day, but it is really difficult, because literature is

something that is expressed by ordinary language to produce an extraordinary effect.

A man of letters must apprehend the language more precisely and thoroughly than the

ordinary people, so that he can use it at his will. He must understand the form, the

sound, and the meaning of a word, as well as the effects of the arrangements of words

in connexion with the sound and meaning to be left by the reader. This will involve

such knowledge as philology, logic, grammar, aesthetics, and psychology.

et, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense

Department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated

500,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type

news-groups and a variety of database services. The electronic mail allows you to

encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More

importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange

of data. Experiments on transmitting live audio and video over the Internet have also

been conducted. The sheer size of the Internet makes it a candidate for the backbone

of the Information Superhighway. But in order to support the growing number of

users and the multimedia applications, the available bandwidth will have to increase

dramatically, which is the technical problem at the core of the Information

Superhighway.

2-1、子曰，“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也；不以其道得之，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎成名?君子无终食之间违仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。”(《论语》)

2-2、虽有佳肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。是故学，然后知不足；教，然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也，知困，然后能自强也。故曰，教学相长也。

2-3、文学的工具是语言文字。我们第一须认识语言文字，其次须有运用语言文字的技巧。这事看来似乎很容易，因为一般人日常都在运用语言文字；但是实在极难，因为文学要用平常的语言文字产生不平常的效果。文学家对语言文字的了解，必须比一般人都较精确，然后可以运用自如。他必须懂得字的形声义，字的组织以及音义与组织对于读者所产生的影响。这主要包含语文学、逻辑学、文法、美学和心理学。

2-4、国际互联网最初是为美国国防部建立的一个试验性网络，现在涵盖了世界范围内的2000多万台计算机，估计每年还要增加50万台。它提供电子邮件、数以千计的简报式新闻以及各种数据库服务。你可以用电子邮件把问候语与电视

图像、声音、数据等压缩在一起。更重要的是，它通过大信息量的数据交换促进人们之间的合作。人们已经进行了在互联网现场传输声音和图像的实验。互联网的庞大规模使它有望成为信息高速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的用户和

多媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度，这是信息高速公路的核心技术问题。

Key sheet

2-1. The master said, "Wealth and rank are what everyone desires; but if they

have to be obtained in an improper way, a gentleman must not accept them. Poverty

and meanness are what everyone abhors; but if they are to be removed in an improper

way, a gentleman can never release himself from them. Once a gentleman parts with

benevolence, how can he achieve his fame? Never for a moment could he go against

benevolence. He should cherish benevolence all the time, even when he is in a great

hurry or wanders about in a desperate plight.”

2-2. Even when there is good food, you will not know its deliciousness, if you

don't taste it; even when there is a good doctrine, you will not know its virtue, if you

don't learn it. Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes

us know our difficulties. Having realized our deficiency, we may then come to reflect;

having known our difficulties, we may be able to strengthen ourselves to overcome

them. So we say, to teach is to learn.

2-3. The implement of literature is the language. First we have to know the

language, and then we must be armed with the craft of using it. The thing looks easy,

as all of us use the language every day, but it is really difficult, because literature is

something that is expressed by ordinary language to produce an extraordinary effect.

A man of letters must apprehend the language more precisely and thoroughly than the

ordinary people, so that he can use it at his will. He must understand the form, the

sound, and the meaning of a word, as well as the effects of the arrangements of words

in connexion with the sound and meaning to be left by the reader. This will involve

such knowledge as philology, logic, grammar, aesthetics, and psychology.

2-4. Internet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S.

Defense Department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an

estimated 500,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin

board-type news-groups and a variety of database services. The electronic mail allows

you to encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More

importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange

of data. Experiments on transmitting live audio and video over the Internet have also

been conducted. The sheer size of the Internet makes it a candidate for the backbone

of the Information Superhighway. But in order to support the growing number of

users and the multimedia applications, the available bandwidth will have to increase

dramatically, which is the technical problem at the core of the Information

Superhighway.

英译汉

将下列划线部分的英语翻译成汉语(1)

1. An Important Aspect of College Life

It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that

students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural

daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an

organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made

communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting

intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with all modern

achievement only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life

itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove

very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars

chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is

interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and

important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical" and connected

with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally

made thoughtful by association with men who think.

2. Air

Our Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere. The atmosphere

surrounds the Earth completely and is about 900 kilometers thick. Without the

atmosphere, we would not be able to live on the Earth. There would be no air for us to

breathe. The Earth would be very, very hot in the day and very, very cold at night.

Air is all around us. It is all around us as we walk and play. From the moment we

are born, we are surrounded by air. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to

bed, air is also around us. Wherever we are on the Earth, we are surrounded by air. We

live in the air.

3. Nowhere and never in the world can there have been a deeper peace; and the

bells from the little red church down by the river seemed to be the music of it, as the

song of birds is the music of spring. There one saw how beautiful the life of man can

be, and how men by the innocent labors of many generations can give to the earth a

beauty it has never known in its wildness. And all this peace, one knew, was

threatened; and the threat came into one's mind as if it were a soundless message from

over the great eastward plain; and with it the beauty seemed unsubstantial and strange,

as if it were sinking away into the past, as if it were only a memory of childhood.

4. New York Institute of Technology Invites You to Your Future

And that future is now. We're in the countdown to a new and exciting century.

Let NYIT respond to all your needs for a college education that culminates in the

career of your choice. With affordable tuition plus generous financial aid/scholarship

packages, sports programs, and over 50 majors, NYIT can put you on the road to

SUCCESS.

1. 翻译术语英译汉

Embedding嵌入法

Breaking up分割法

Reversing反转（复位）法

Omission省略法

Conversion词类转换

Splitting拆译（离）法

Inserting添加法

Recasting/ Reconstructing重构法

Misinterpretation &Mistranslation误释与误译

Communicative Translation交际翻译

division分译法

annotation加注法

Under-translation & Over-translation“欠额”与“超额”

Semantic Translation语义翻译

Amplification增益法

一、将下列划线部分的英语翻译成汉语(2)

1. An Important Aspect of College Life

It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that

students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural

daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an

organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made

communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting

intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with all modern

achievement only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life

itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove

very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars

chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is

interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and

important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical" and connected

with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally

made thoughtful by association with men who think.

2. Air

Our Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere. The atmosphere

surrounds the Earth completely and is about 900 kilometers thick. Without the

atmosphere, we would not be able to live on the Earth. There would be no air for us to

breathe. The Earth would be very, very hot in the day and very, very cold at night.

Air is all around us. It is all around us as we walk and play. From the moment we

are born, we are surrounded by air. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to

bed, air is also around us. Wherever we are on the Earth, we are surrounded by air. We

live in the air.

3. Nowhere and never in the world can there have been a deeper peace; and the

bells from the little red church down by the river seemed to be the music of it, as the

song of birds is the music of spring. There one saw how beautiful the life of man can

be, and how men by the innocent labors of many generations can give to the earth a

beauty it has never known in its wildness. And all this peace, one knew, was

threatened; and the threat came into one's mind as if it were a soundless message from

over the great eastward plain; and with it the beauty seemed unsubstantial and strange,

as if it were sinking away into the past, as if it were only a memory of childhood.

二、将下列英语译成汉语

4. New York Institute of Technology Invites You to Your Future

And that future is now. We're in the countdown to a new and exciting century.

Let NYIT respond to all your needs for a college education that culminates in the

career of your choice. With affordable tuition plus generous financial aid/scholarship

packages, sports programs, and over 50 majors, NYIT can put you on the road to

SUCCESS.

5.

英译汉Key sheet（1）

一、将下列划线部分的英语翻译成汉语(1)

1. 把我们的大学生活这样组织起来，使学生和教师都同样参与其中，使师生之间建立起非常自然的日常交往，这是完全可能的事。只有这样组织起来，才能使我们的大学作为严格培养人才的地方获得真正的活力，使之成为共同生活的集体，年轻人在其间将充分认识到脑力工作是多么有趣，多么重要，多么生气勃勃，与现代的一切成就多么密切相关——只有通过这样组织起来，学习才能显得是生活本身的有机部分。讲课常常显得非常刻板而空洞无物；背诵往往是非常枯燥而没有效益。主要是在与学者们的谈话和自然的交往中，你才会发现知识是多么生动活泼，知识是多么紧密地与一切有趣而重要的事物结合在一起，成为它们密不可分的一部分，成为一切“实际的”、与世界相联系的事物的密不可分的一部分。书本并不总能教会人们善于思考，但是同善于思考的人交往，却往往能使一个人的思想丰富起来。

2. 空气

我们的地球被一层气体包围着，这层气体称为大气层。大气层笼罩着整个地球，约900公里厚。没有大气，我们就无法在地球上生存，就没有空气供我们呼吸：白天地球就会变得非常非常之热，夜间，又会变得非常非常之冷。

我们的周围都是空气。我们走路和玩耍时，它左右不离。从我们出生之时，空气就包围着我们。我们坐下时，它围绕着我们。我们就寝时，它仍围绕着我们。不管我们在地球的任何地方，都不会摆脱空气的包围。我们生活在空气之中。

3. 世间任何地方在任何时候都不可能领略比这儿更为深沉的和平。从山下河畔那座红砖小教堂传出的钟声，像是和平的主题音乐，正如啁啾鸟语是春天的音乐一样。在这儿，你看到了人类生活可有多么美好，人类又如何以迭代的诚实劳动给土地带来一种土地在蛮荒时代从未领略到的美。然而，你也意识到，这儿的和平景象正遭到威胁。这威胁如同穿越向东延伸的大平原传来的无声讯息，随之，田园之美顿时变得空虚而诡奇，似乎正融入往昔而渐渐消失，渺远宛若童年的回忆。

二、将下列英语翻译成汉语

4. 纽约理工学院造就你们的未来

未来就在眼前。我们即将步入一个令人神往的崭新世纪。让纽约理工学院满足你们对大学教育的一切需求!大学教育最终会使你们在自己选择的事业上出人头地。该院的学费一般人都可以支付，此外还有慷慨的经济资助或奖学金，再加上各种体育培训方案和50多个专业，定会使你们走上成功之路。

三、将下列翻译术语译成汉语

Embedding嵌入法

Breaking up分割法

Reversing反转（复位）法

Omission省略法

Conversion词类转换

Splitting拆译（离）法

Inserting添加法

Recasting/ Reconstructing重构法

Misinterpretation &Mistranslation误释与误译

Communicative Translation交际翻译

division分译法

annotation加注法

Under-translation & Over-translation“欠额”与“超额”

Semantic Translation语义翻译

Amplification增益法

英译汉Key sheet（2）

1. 把我们的大学生活这样组织起来，使学生和教师都同样参与其中，使师生之间建立起非常自然的日常交往，这是完全可能的事。只有这样组织起来，才能使我们的大学作为严格培养人才的地方获得真正的活力，使之成为共同生活的集体，年轻人在其间将充分认识到脑力工作是多么有趣，多么重要，多么生气勃勃，与现代的一切成就多么密切相关——只有通过这样组织起来，学习才能显得是生活本身的有机部分。讲课常常显得非常刻板而空洞无物；背诵往往是非常枯燥而没有效益。主要是在与学者们的谈话和自然的交往中，你才会发现知识是多么生动活泼，知识是多么紧密地与一切有趣而重要的事物结合在一起，成为它们密不可分的一部分，成为一切“实际的”、与世界相联系的事物的密不可分的一部分。书本并不总能教会人们善于思考，但是同善于思考的人交往，却往往能使一个人的思想丰富起来。

2. 空气

我们的地球被一层气体包围着，这层气体称为大气层。大气层笼罩着整个地球，约900公里厚。没有大气，我们就无法在地球上生存，就没有空气供我们呼吸：白天地球就会变得非常非常之热，夜间，又会变得非常非常之冷。

我们的周围都是空气。我们走路和玩耍时，它左右不离。从我们出生之时，空气就包围着我们。我们坐下时，它围绕着我们。我们就寝时，它仍围绕着我们。不管我们在地球的任何地方，都不会摆脱空气的包围。我们生活在空气之中。

3. 世间任何地方在任何时候都不可能领略比这儿更为深沉的和平。从山下河畔那座红砖小教堂传出的钟声，像是和平的主题音乐，正如啁啾鸟语是春天的音乐一样。在这儿，你看到了人类生活可有多么美好，人类又如何以迭代的诚实劳动给土地带来一种土地在蛮荒时代从未领略到的美。然而，你也意识到，这儿的和平景象正遭到威胁。这威胁如同穿越向东延伸的大平原传来的无声讯息，随之，田园之美顿时变得空虚而诡奇，似乎正融入往昔而渐渐消失，渺远宛若童年的回忆。

4. 纽约理工学院造就你们的未来

未来就在眼前。我们即将步入一个令人神往的崭新世纪。让纽约理工学院满足你们对大学教育的一切需求!大学教育最终会使你们在自己选择的事业上出人头地。该院的学费一般人都可以支付，此外还有慷慨的经济资助或奖学金，再加上各种体育培训方案和50多个专业，定会使你们走上成功之路。