2024年3月3日发(作者：)

倒装句

在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，这类语序被称为 自然语序。但有时未来强调句子的某一部分，或由于其它诸如语法结构或修辞上的需要，句子的谓语移到主语的前面，形成倒装语序。

倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种形式。全部倒装是将句子的整个谓语动词放在主语之前，部分倒装是将谓语的一部分，如助动词，情态动词或be动词等放在主语前面。

第一节 全部倒装

一 以 here, there, now, then等词位于句首的倒装形式

以 here, there, now, then等词开头的句子，谓语动词为be, stand, lie, come,

go, fall, follow 等的一般现在时或一般过去时，句子主谓全部倒装。

eg. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

There stands a table in the middle of the room.

Thus ended the lesson.

注： 当主语为人称代词时，不用倒装，需用自然语序。

eg. Here he comes.

There it goes.

练习： 1. The teacher comes here.

2. The last bus goes there.

3. The book you want is here.

4. A new difficulty in our project came then.

二 ahead, away, down, in, off, out, out, up等方位副词位于句首的倒装形式

ahead, away, down, in, off, out, out, up等方位副词位于句首，谓语动词常用go,

come, rush, fly, run等表示位置转移的不及物动词时，句子全部倒装，目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。

eg. Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖的一下火箭上了天。

In went the sun and down came the rain.太阳不见了，下雨了。

Following a roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 随着一声吼叫，一只老虎从灌木丛中冲了出来。

注：当主语为人称代词时，不用倒装，需用自然语序。

eg. Out he ran. 他跑了出来。

Away they went. 他们走了。

There you are. 你们终于到了。

三 表示地点的介词词组位于句首的倒装

介词短语作状语，特别是表示地点的状语，为了使句子平衡放在句首，主谓全部倒装。

eg. Below the mountain ran a little stream. 山下有条小溪。

From the valley came a frightening sound.从山谷中传来可怕的声音。

On the moon exists no living thing.月球上不存在生命。

练习题：

1. An ancient pine tree stands in front of our house.

2. A lovely dog was lying under the table.

3. A partial answer will be found in this chapter.

4. The happiest moment came at last.

5. A small chemical factory lies south of the city.

6. A small house stands between the two trees.

7. The bird flew away.

8. When the door opened, the children rushed out.

9. The hammer came down and the sparks flew out.

10. A new opportunity comes now. You must seize it.

11. The train to Beijing comes here.

12. A clear stream lies at the foot of the mountain.

13. The hour we had been looking forward to came then.

14. The plane flew round and round and it flew away.

第二节 部分倒装

一 以 neither, nor或so引导的分句的倒装形式

以 neither, nor或so引导的分句，用来表示相同的看法，主谓部分倒装

neither或nor用于否定句，含义为 “也不”，so用于肯定句， 含义为“也如此”

eg. I haven’t been to New York before and neither has my sister.

2. She would never sing, nor would she dance.

3. My sister often calls me and so does my brother.

4. ------ I can’t swim.

------ Neither can I.

5. If you do not go swimming, neither shall I.

注：1） 当so 开头的句子知识表示对别人的情况加以肯定，确定，表示有同感时，其含义为“确实如此”，主谓不倒装。

eg. ------They will have a good time.

--------- So they will.

----- It was hot yesterday!

------ So it was.

2) 当前面说的是两件或两件以上的事，用不同的动词或不同的时态，要用句型：so it is with…..(=it is the same with…) “…….也是如此”

eg. ----Mary isn’t well today and she hasn’t finished her homework yet.

----- So it is with Tom.

Kate likes singing, but she can’t sing well. So it is the Mary.

Aunt Li was a trained nurse five years ago, but now she is a doctor and works in

a hospital. So it is with Wei Hua’s mother.

二 虚拟语气条件状语从句的倒装

在虚拟语气条件状语从句中，如果从句中有should, were或had,可将这些词提句首，省略if.

eg. If you had not helped me, I would have failed.

Had you not helped….

If it were fine tomorrow, we would go on a picnic.

If anyone should call, wake me up.

三 as 或though引导的让步状语从句的倒装

as引导的让步状语从句要把表语（名词，形容词），状语（副词）或实意动词放在句首，即放在as前面，后面是主语+谓语，不倒装。

单数名词放在句首，前面不加冠词，形容词最高级放在句首，前面不加the.

though 也用在这结构中。

eg. Hard as/though he studied, he didn’t pass the exam.

Pretty as/ though she is, she is not clever.

Child as/though she is, she speaks English well.

Try as/ though he did, he couldn’t finish the task successfully.

Oldest as/though he is in the office, he is modest.

四 only+状语（副词，介词短语，从句） 开头的句子，主句需要部分倒装

Only yesterday did he find that his wallet was missing.

Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.

Only when we have a good knowledge of English can we use it freely.

注：only 修饰主语时，主谓不倒装。

eg. Only a doctor can do that operation.

Only two members are in favour of the plan.

五 never 等具有否定意义的词或短语放在句首作状语时的倒装

某些具有否定意义的词或短语放在句首作状语时，句子或主句要用部分倒装结构。

常见的这类词有： hardly, barely, little, neither/nor, never, not, nowhere, seldom, not

until, rarely,…

常见的句型：hardly…when, no sooner… than.., neither…nor

含有no等的该类词组有： at no time从不，任何时候都不 by no means决不

in no case决不 in no way 决不 in vain无效，没用 on no condition决不

under/ in no circumstances决不

eg. At no time and under no circumstance will China be the first to use nuclear

weapons.

Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.

Not until he returned to school did he know that he failed the exam.

Neither will theory do without practice, nor will practice do without theory.

六 so/such…that句型的倒装

当so/such…that结构中的so或such位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装，that从句用正常语序。

eg. The earthquake was such that the city was destroyed.

Such was the earthquake….

He is such a man that I don’t want to see any more of him.

Such a man is he that……

Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

So fast does light travel that…

补充：

so + adj. /adv. +that

so so + adj.+a/an + n.(可数 单数) +that

so + many/ much/ few/ little (少) + that

such + a/an +adj.+ that

such such +adj. + pl. +that

such + adj. +un. + that

练习题：

1. It was ____________(so/such) fine weather that we all went out for a walk.

_________(so/such) fine weather was it that we all….

2. They are ________(so/such) good villagers that we get on very well.

3. We made __________(so/such) few mistakes that we were praised by our

teacher.

4. It is __________(so/such) a little sheep that it can’t run fast.

5. There is ___________(so/such) much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the

teacher.

6. A large portrait hangs on the wall.

on the wall _________ a large portrait.

7. A hill lies east of the city.

East of the city _______ a hill.

8. ------Tom has made rapid progress recently.

------ Oh, so______________ and so ______________.

哦，的确如此， 你也一样。

9. If he goes there, ________________________.

如果他去那，我也去。

10. ------The girl is clever, but she doesn’t study hard.

-----___________________________. 她哥哥也如此。

11. ------I’m not hungry.

--------______________________.我也不饿。

12. If you don’t go there tomorrow,_________________________.我也不去。

13. Only then I realized how much my parents loved me.

Only then__________......

bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing the way we

live_________________(we can) save the earth.

15. In vain___________________(he tried) to open the locked door.

16. Little _________________(we thought) that the district was so rich in mineral

resources.

17. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ____________(you

can ) find such a beautiful palace.

18. At the foot of the mountain ____________(lie) a village.

19. A little boy sat in front of the house.

20. The teacher came in.

thirty students and their teacher were around the fire.

Around the fire __________over thirty students and their teacher.

22. Only in Paris _______________(you find) bars like this.

23. Only then _______________(she told) him about the attack.

24. Only when Lily walked into the office __________________(she realized) that

she had left the contract at home.

25. Only if you eat the correct food ________________(you will be) able to keep fit

and stay healthy.

26. Only if the case is urgent ________________(you should call) the doctor in the

middle of the night.

27. ----Why have I never seen your elder brother?

------ Away ____________(he went) seven years ago.