2024年1月24日发(作者：)

2021考研英语一真题及答案解析SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethathastodowithshort-termmemoryandtheabilitytothinkquickly,logically,_____(1)inyoungadulthood,levelsoutforaperiodoftime,andthen_____(2)_____(3)agingisinevitable,dyfoundthatmusclelossandthe_____(4)ofbodyggeststhe_____(5)thatlifestylefactorsmighthelppreventor_____(6)earcherslookedatdatathat_____(7)measurementsofleanmuscleandabdominalfatfrommorethan4,000middle-to-older-agedmenandwomenand_____(8)thatdatato

undthatmiddle-agedpeople_____(9)highermeasuresofabdominalfat_____(10)worseonmeasuresoffluidintelligenceastheyears_____(11).Forwomen,theassociationmaybe_____(12)tochangesinimmunitythatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen,theimmunesystemdidnotappeartobe_____(13)Itishopedthatfuturestudiescould_____(14)thesedifferencesandperhapsleadtodifferent_____(15)formenandwomen._____(16)therearestepsyoucan_____(17)tohelpreduceabdominalfatandmaintainleanmusclemassasyouageinordertoprotectbothyourphysicalandmental_____(18).Thetwohighlyrecommendedlifestyleapproachesaremaintainingorincreasingyour_____(19)ofaerobicexerciseandfollowingMediterranean-style_____(20)thatishighinfiberandeliminateshighlyprocessedfoods.1.【题干】1._____【选项】

【答案】C2.【题干】2._____【选项】lly【答案】D3.【题干】3._____【选项】【答案】A4.【题干】4._____

【选项】tio【答案】B5.【题干】5._____【选项】ement【答案】A6.【题干】6._____【选项】

e【答案】A7.【题干】7._____【选项】ted【答案】C8.【题干】8._____【选项】d【答案】B9.【题干】9._____【选项】

t【答案】A10.【题干】10._____【选项】【答案】C11.【题干】11._____【选项】

【答案】D12.【题干】12._____【选项】ant【答案】B13.【题干】13._____【选项】lled【答案】C14.【题干】14._____【选项】

【答案】D15.【题干】15._____【选项】ents【答案】D16.【题干】16._____【选项】d【答案】B

17.【题干】17._____【选项】【答案】D18.【题干】18._____【选项】natio【答案】A19.【题干】19._____【选项】

【答案】A20.【题干】20._____【选项】iptio【答案】CPartBDirections:stions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentaruranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)lm.

'isagreewithsomeonemorepowerfulthanyouYourbossproposesanewinitiativeyouthinkwon'youseewhenyoudisagreewithsomeonewhohasmorepowerthanyoudo?Howdoyoudecidewhetherit'sworthspeakingup?Andifyoudo,whatexactlyshouldyousay?Here'decideit'ouhaven'tfinishedthinkingtheproblemthrough,hinkotherpeoplearegoingtodisagree,too,cancontributeexperienceorinformationtoyourthinking一allthethingsthatwouldmake

'salsoagoosyoushareyourthoughts,thinkaboutwhatthepowerfulpersoncaresabout一'remortovertly,contextualizingyourstatementssothatyou'reseennotasadisagreeablesubordinatebutasacolleaguewho'epmaysoundoverlydeferential,butit'seesomethinglike,“easonstothinkthatwon'twork.I'dliketolayoutmyreasoning-WouldthatbeOK?"Thisgivesthepersonachoice,allowinghimtoverballyopt

,assuminghesaysyes,htfeelyourheartracingoryourfaceturningred,urbodylanguagecommunicatesreluctanceoranxiety,samixedmessage,eathscanhelp,feelpanicky,slowingthepaceandtalmakesyouseemconfident,evenifyouaren'izethatyou'reonlyofferingyouropinion,eawell-informed,well-researchedopinion,butit'sstillanopinion,dofsaying,“Ifwesetanendofquarterdeadline,wewillnevermakeit"say,"Thisisjustmyopinion,butIdon'tseehowwewillmakethatdeadline."Havingassertedyouropinion(asaposition,notas

afact),thepersonthatthisisyourpointofview,tohearingotheropinions.参考答案：43.[C]Decidewhethertowait42.[F]Identifyasharedgoal43.[G]Askpermissiontodisagree44.[A]Staycalm45.[B]ions:ourtranslationonANSIWERSHIEET.(15points)Wetendtothinkthatfriendsandfamilymembersareourbiggestsourcesofconnection,laughter,hatmaywellbetrue,researchershavealsorecentlyfoundthatinteractingwithstrangersactuallybringsaboostinmoodandfeelingsofbelongingthatwedidn'texpect.

Inoneseriesofstudies,researchersinstructedChicago-areacommutersusinage,participantswhofollowedthisinearchersalsoarguedthatwhenweshyawayfromcasualinteractionswithstrangers,thetime,however,msout,manypeopleareactuallyperfectlywillingtotalkandmayevenbeflatteredtoreceiveyourattention.参考译文：我们倾向于认为朋友和家人是我们关系、欢乐和温暖的最大来源。尽管这一说法很大程度上是对的，但是研究者们最近也发现，与陌生人交流实际上也会带来我们意料之外的情绪高涨和归属感。在一系列的研究中，研究者们通知芝加哥地区乘用公共交通的通勤者开始一段和周围人的交流。一般来讲，得到通知的参加者们比要求安静站着或坐着的人们感觉更好。同时，研究者们也认为我们羞于和陌生人随意交流时，经常是因为一种错位的恐慌，即他们可能并不像和我们聊天。

但是，很多时候，这种观念是错误的。正如结果证实，很多人实际上非常愿意去开始一段谈话，甚至可能很开心得到你的注意。考题文章总词数150词，共2段，7句话。题目难度适中，题材常规，符合英语二翻译历年的考题规律。相似题材的文章曾经考过，如2020年“失败”这篇文章。考题贴近生活，总体难度较低，考生可从容应对，下面进行解析。难句剖析1.【原文】Whilethatmaywellbetrue,researchershavealsorecentlyfoundthatinteractingwithstrangersactuallybringsaboostinmoodandfeelingsofbelongingthatwedidn't【分析】本句话为首段的较难句，while引导让步状语从句，主干当中宾语为从句，that从句作为定于修饰aboostinmood和feelingsofbelonging。首先需要确定while的词义，这句话根据语义表示让步，译为“尽管”，另外就是宾语从句中and并列，翻译的时候要注意that从句的处理，容易出现逻辑问题。【译文】尽管这一说法很大程度上是对的，但是研究者们最近也发现，与陌生人交流实际上也会带来我们意想不到的情绪高涨和归属感。2.【原文】Inoneseriesofstudies,researchersinstructedChicago-areacommu

tersusingpublictransportationtostrikeupaconversationwithsomeonenearthem.【分析】本句话主干为。其中，usingpublictransportation做commuters的后置定语，strikeup指“开始；结交”。【译文】在一系列的研究中，研究者们通知芝加哥地区乘用公共交通的通勤者开始一段和周围人的交流。3.【原文】Onaverage,participantswhofollowedthisinstructionfeltbetterthanthosewhohadbeentoldtostandorsitinsilence.【分析】本句的主干为“participantsfeltbetterthanthose”，主语和than后面的宾语都由定语从句修饰。翻译时顺序进行即可。【译文】一般来讲，得到通知的参加者们比要求安静站着或坐着的人们感觉更好。4.【原文】Theresearchersalsoarguedthatwhenweshyawayfromcasualinteractionswithstrangers,itisoftenduetoamisplacedanxietythattheymightnotwanttotalkto【分析】句子主干为“”，宾语从句当中又包含一个时间状语从句。本句考点之一在于从句处理，宾语从句顺序翻译，状语从句提前翻译。

【译文】同时，研究者们也认为我们羞于和陌生人随意交流时，经常是因为一种错位的恐慌，即他们可能并不像和我们聊天。5.【原文】Asitturnsout,manypeopleareactuallyperfectlywillingtotalk—andmayevenbeflatteredtoreceiveyour【分析】本句由主句和as定语从句构成，as译为“正如”。本句考点之一在于flattered，flatter本意是“奉承、谄媚”，flattered直接作为形容词，有“受宠若惊的、感到荣幸的”的含义。【译文】正如结果证实，很多人实际上非常愿意去开始一段谈话，甚至可能很开心得到你的注意ions：Writeanemailtoallinternemailyoushouldincludetime,uldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSEWERSHEET

“LiMing”instead.(10points)Supposeyouareorganizinganonlinemeeting,writeanemailtoJack,maboutthedetail解析：英语二小作文考查的是电子邮件，属于书信类型，要求考生写一封邀请信。对于邀请信，考生应该在审题的时候弄清楚写信对象是机构还是个人，很明显要求给杰克写信，因此称呼上就可以直接写DearJack。邀请书信的第一段可以写两句话：第一句写出即将召开一次会议这个背景即可；第二句要求写出写信目的，写信目的是第一段最重要的。第二段大概写4句话：第一句写个主题句。第二句至第四句写关于这次会议的具体内容，这部分具体内容没有硬性要求，可以自己编写,比如会议的主题、会议的议程和会议的参加者等等。第三段大概写三句：第一句是再次表明写信目的，即希望对方能出席会议，第二句表示感谢，第三句写期待回复。正文最后写结束语和签名，切记不能写自己的名字，用李明来落款。日期可以写也可以不写，建议大家不写日期，如果写日期的话要写在正文的右上角。

参考范文：DearJack,Onbehalfofthecouncilofthemeeting,tingtoaskifyouareavailabletoparticipateinthismeetingat10:jectofthemeeting,initially,isregardinghowtoimprovestudents’inue,themeetingwilllastapproximately2hours,includingparticipants’speeches,discussionandourpresident’portantly,themeetingwillbeheldviatheInternet,ruly,LiMingPartB

ions：uld1)interpretthechart,and2)uldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)解析：英语二大作文考查的是柱状图，看似是动态图，实则不能写动态度，而应该按照饼状图来描述。英语二大作文可以写题目也可以不写题目。段落结构分三段来写。第一段大概写3句：第一句写主题句，总体介绍这是一个什么图形关于什么话题，第二句具体描述数据，第三句也是具体描述数据。建议把占比例较多的两个一起描述，占比例较少的一起描述。

第二段写4-5句话：第一句可以写论点句，论点不确定的话也可以不写。第二句写分析原因之前的过渡句，这句必须写。第三句分析原因，原因不容易写，可以从体育运动的好处来写。第四句仍然分析原因，可以从人们为什么喜欢不同方式锻炼的角度来分析。第三段写2-3句即可：第一句写结论句，结论句不能省略，结论围绕运动来写即可。第二句写趋势预测，趋势写总体发展趋势即可。第三句写呼吁或者建议。参考范文：Asisapparentlyreflectedinthecolumnabove,weareinformedasurveyintermsofvarespecific,thosetakingexercisebythemselvesorwithfriendstakealion’sshare,accountingforover90%.Bycontrast,thosewhochoosetobeengagedinphysicalsportswithfamilymembersorparticipateingroupactivitiesoccupyaminorproportion,makingup23.9%and13.8%snodenyingthat,tobeginwith,alongwithagrowingamountofpressure,peopleincreasinglyrecognizethesignificanceofsports,asaresultofwhich,itisnosurprisetoseeasportswaveinoursociety.

Simultaneously,itisthedifferentiationofindividualsthatgivesrisetovariouspreferencesandinclinationtowardssportsapproaches,totheextentthatsomeonewouldliketotakephysicalexercisealone,nwhathasbeenanalyzedabove,aconclusioncanbedrawnsafelythattakingphysicalexercisewillundoubtedlybegoodforpeople’verbgoes,“Gooutsideandkeepmoving,youwillbemuchhealthier.”Consideringthediscussionabove,itispredictedthattherewillbemoreresidentsparticipatinginsportsactivitiesintheforthcomingyearSectionIIReadistions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentaruranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendour

comestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon’tinvolvedoom-and-massunemploymentpredictions?ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAlmoreoftenmonapplication?Preventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,eafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:BetterhiringpracticeCompaniesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions."Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes,"saysPedroDomingos,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowtheQuestfortheUltimateLearningMachineWillRemakeOurWorldandacomputer

science_____(41)Onecompanythat’fectivemarketingSomeAIsoftwarecanpanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue._____(42)Thereare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”n,customersmoneyEnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreduciescncecompaniesmeanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk."Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,"saysDomingos,_____(43)

ImprovedaccuracyMachinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatistics,whichmakesdatamorevaluable,""helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions."_____(44)ProtectingandmaintaininginfrastructureAnumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen."Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it'sveryexpensive,"saysDomingos._____(45)[A]'redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn'thavetimefor.[B]Oneaccountingfirm,EY,ocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.[C]TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisio,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdwords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

[D]Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit'susefulforemployeestogoto.[E]Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.[F]We'realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.[G]AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.【答案】onIIITranslationDirections:ReadthefollowianslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WorldwarwasthewatershedeventforhighereducationinmodernWesternsocieties(46)Thosesocietiescameoutofthewarwithlevelsofenrollmentthathadbeenroughlyconstantat3-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethewar.

Butafterthewar,greatsocialandpoliticalchangesarisingoutofthesuccessfulwaragainstFascismcreatedagrowingdemandinEuropeanandAmericaneconomiesforincreasingnumbersofgraduateswithmorethanasecondaryschooleducation.(47)Andthedemandthatroseinthosesocietiesforentrytohighereducationextendedtogroupsandsemandsresultedinaveryrapidexpansionofthesystemsofhighereducation,beginninginthe1960sanddevelopingveryrapidly(thoughunevenly)wthofhighereducationmanifestsitselfinatleastthreequitedifferentways,asfirsttherateofgrowth:(48)inmanycountiesofWesternEurope,thenumbersofstudentsinhighereducationdoubledwithinfive-yearperiodsduringthe1960sanddoubledagaininseven,growthobviousrdgrowthwasreflectedinchangesintheproportionoftherelevantagegroupenrolledininstitutionsofhighereducation.

Eachofthesemanifestationsofgrowthcarrieditsownpeculiarproblemsinitswake/Forexample,ahighgrowthrateplacedgreatstrainsontheexistingstructuresofgovernance,ofadministration,acultyordepartmentgrowsfrom,say,fiveto20memberswithinthreeorfouryears,(49)andwhenthenewstaffpredominantlyyoungmenandwomenfreshfrompostgraduatestudy,hepostgraduatestudentpopulationalsogrowsrapidlyandthereislossofacloseapprenticeshiprelationshipbetweenfacultymembersandstudents,thestudentculturebecomesthechiefsocializingforcefornewpostgraduatestudents,withconsequencesfortheintellectualandacademiclifeoftheinstitution-thiswasseeninAmericaaswellasinFrance,Italy,WestGermany,andJapan.(50)Highgrowthratesincreasedthechancesforacademicinnovation,theyalsoweakenedtheformsandprocessesbywhichteachersandstudentsareadmit1960sand1970s,Europeanuniversitiessawmarkedchangesintheirgovernancearrangements,withempowermentofjuniorfacultyandtosomedegreeofstudentsaswell.

46.【题干】Thosesocietiescameoutofthewarwithlevelsofenrollmentthathadbeenroughlyconstantat3-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethewar.【答案】战争结束后，一些社会随之出现了。这些社会的入学率在战前的几十年里一直保持在相关年龄段的3%-5%。【解析】comeoutof…由……产生，从……出来;enrollment入学，登记;decades数十年。47.【题干】Andthedemandthatroseinthosesocietiesforentrytohighereducationextendedtogroupsandsocialclassesthathadnotthoughtofattendingauniversitybeforethewar.【答案】在那些社会中，人们渴望接受到更高等的教育。这个需求延伸到了战前那些没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层中。【解析】rose：rise的过去式“上升”;attend上大学。48.【题干】inmanycountiesofWesternEurope,thenumbersofstudentsinhighereducationdoubledwithinfive-yearperiodsduringthe1960sanddoubledagaininseven,eightor10yearsbythemiddleofthe1970s.【答案】在西欧的许多国家，20世纪60年代，接受高等教育的学生人数在五年内翻了一番，到70年代中期，在七年，八年或十年里又翻了一番。

【解析】double作动词，“翻倍”。49.【题干】andwhenthenewstaffpredominantlyyoungmenandwomenfreshfrompostgraduatestudy,theylargelydefinethenormsofacademiclifeinthatfaculty.【答案】当新员工主要是刚毕业的年轻男女时，他们很大程度上定义了该学院学术生活的规范。【解析】predominantly主要地，以……为主;fresh新进的;norms标准，规范;faculty学院，系。50.【题干】Highgrowthratesincreasedthechancesforacademicinnovation,theyalsoweakenedtheformsandprocessesbywhichteachersandstudentsareadmittedintoacommunityofscholarsduringperiodsofstabilityorslowgrowth.【答案】高增长率增加了学术创新的机会,同时也削弱了教师和学生在稳定或缓慢的成长过程中,被认可为学者这群体的形式和过程。【解析】academicinnovation学术创新;weakened削弱，减少;admit承认，认可。SectionIVWritingPartA(10points)

51.【题干】Directions:Aforeignfriendofim/"LiMingOpen"otneedtowritetheaddress.【答案】Dearfriend,HopethisletterfindsyouwellIamgladtohearyouintendtofindajobinChina,soIwouldliketoextendmyw,youcanstartfromlisting3to5citieswhichyouwouldliketoworkorliveinTobemorespecific,ratethembylocation,workingopportunitiesandprospectsand,ofcoursethecity''smore,s

onemorepointthat,IsupposeIhavetotouchon:makegooduseofonlinejob-huntingapplications,,LiMingPartB(15points)52.【题干】Directions:essay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthe3)uldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

【答案】Whatisgraphicallyandexplicitlydepictedinthesimpleyeteye-catchingdrawingisthatonthegroundstandsafather,sively,atsecondglance,itisnotdifficulttoobservethattheboy,dressedinatraditionalChinesecostume,expresseshisconcernaboutstudyingdrama,tadoubt,noboywhowasbornandraisedinChinacouldbeignorantthatChinionaldramas,likePekingopera,arethenationalessenceofourculture,whicharenotonlypartofthenationalheritage,butalsopart

r,traditionalotuncommonoccurrencd,opularcultureiscompletelytransformingpeople'sthoughtsandwaysofthinking,wearesuppoingly,itismyviewthatnationalcultureshouldbepreservedandcherishedaspricelessspiritualtreasure.