2024年1月23日发(作者：)

轮毂式电动汽车驱动系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

The wheel type electric car is a type of electric car that

utilizes a driving system。There are two main forms of this system:

the direct driving type ___。This system is installed on the wheel

hub of the motor。___。n。main cer。___。it allows for the ___。making electric control technology possible。As a result。the

wheel type electric car is expected to e the ___ electric cars.

ages and disadvantages

The wheel type electric car has many advantages。First。it

has a simple and compact structure。Second。it has high n

efficiency。which improves the overall performance of the car。Third。it has good ___。it has a low noise level。However。there are also some disadvantages。First。the cost of the wheel

type electric car is relatively high。Second。the maintenance cost

is also high。Third。the wheel type electric car has ___.

The wheel type electric car has a simple and compact

structure。making it ___ performance。It also has good stability

and handling。and a low noise level。However。it comes with

some disadvantages。___。it has ___.

3.n and prospects

The wheel type electric car has been ___。electric logistics

vehicles。and ___。It has also been used in some special vehicles

such as electric fire trucks and electric airport vehicles。With the

development of technology。the n of the wheel type electric car

will ___ future。it will be widely used in personal cars。which

will greatly promote the development of the electric car industry.

The wheel type electric car has already been widely used in us

fields。including electric buses。logistics vehicles。___。as well

as special ___。it is expected that the wheel type electric car will e

even more widely used in personal cars。which will greatly

promote the development of the electric car industry.

___'s "Chunhui" series of ___ driving independent electric

wheel modules。Beijing Auto ET concept car also adopted a new

drive electric car: four-wheel drive motor independent pattern edge。The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Three-Ring

General Electric Company have ___。known as again electric

wheels。These motors have a single wheel electric power of 7.5

kW and a double rear 264V direct drive。The Chinese Institute of

Four Wheel n's 724 electric automobile has a motor performance

index for the power rating of 3 kW。rated speed of 3000r/min。and rated voltage of 110 V.

In terms of structure analysis。further research and

development have been conducted to improve the design and

efficiency of electric wheel drive modes。The focus has been on

creating independent modules for each wheel。___。advancements have been made in brushless DC motors。___ have

led to the development of ___.

There are two basic forms of wheel electric drive systems:

direct driving type ______ the wheel is being used。A direct drive

electric wheel system consists of a rotor motor。electronic

differential mode。motor。and wheels that are all assembled into

one part。Its main advantages are its small size。light weight。

low cost。high n efficiency。___。when the electric car requires

large torque。a direct drive motor must be installed。This type of

electric wheel can provide ___ good performance。the motor must

also have a wide range of torque and speed adjustments。The

wheels must be strong and reliable to support the ___。the n

system must be optimized for comfort and safety。The output

torque and power of the motor are limited by the size and cost of

the wheel system.

The ___ component of an electric car。providing power and

performance without special requirements。It can be used in

ordinary speed motor rotors and has a speed range of 4000- r/min。The purpose of the wheel motor is to obtain higher power and

performance。which is ___ the car has ___。___ power。a fixed

ary gear cer with a large range of speed and ___ designing the

wheel。the main n should be given to the n of gear noise and n

problems。as well as the motor and internal system structure

design requirements.

2)___

The battery is the power source of an electric car。and its

performance is crucial for the car's overall performance。The

battery should have a high energy density。long cycle life。and

low self-___。with a fast charging ___ electric cars.

3)___

___ is essential for the safe and efficient n of an electric car。This includes the control of the motor。battery。and other

components。as well as the monitoring of the car's performance

and status。The control system should be reliable。responsive。and easy to use。with ___ management.

4)___

___。This includes the design of the car's structure。the use

of advanced materials。and the ___ of safety features such as

airbags。anti-lock brakes。and stability control。The safety of

the battery and charging system should also be considered。___。short circuits。and other hazards.

___。the development of wheel type electric cars requires a

range of key technologies。including the ___。___。___。and

safety ___。efficient。___ electric cars.

___ either a rotor motor with high speed or a ___。The

structure of the high-speed rotor motor is similar to that of the ___-___ has a surface-___。this also ___ structure。the volume is ced

and the structure is ___.

___ for the n of electric vehicles。The energy management

system includes the battery management system。power

management system。and charging system。___。___。and

prolonging its lifespan。The power management system controls

the power n and ___ and the motor。while the charging system

___.

3)In n to the technical aspects。the market and policy ___

role in the development of electric vehicles。Government

subsidies。tax incentives。and ns ___ and growth of electric

vehicles。The market demand for ___ preferences。infrastructure

availability。and the cost of ownership.

4)Overall。the development of electric vehicles is a complex

and ___。including manufacturers。researchers。policymakers。___ and investment。electric vehicles have the potential to ___.

The development of electric cars is ___。The performance of

electric car ___。energy density。power。cycle life。and cost。In order for electric cars to compete with fuel-powered cars。it

___ that are high in energy。power。and long-lasting.

One promising ___ is the use of n batteries。which have

higher energy density and longer cycle life than nal lead-___。the

cost of n batteries is still relatively high。making electric cars ___.

To address this issue。___ to ce the cost of n ___。advancements in battery management systems ___ lifespan of

electric car batteries.

Overall。the development of ___ is essential for the

widespread n of ___ future.

本文介绍了轮毂式电动汽车的发展现状和结构特点，阐述了操纵模型和关键技术。与传统电动汽车和电动轮毂式车辆相比，轮毂式电动汽车具有明显的优势，如传动效率、动态性能和续航里程等方面。目前，高功率低质量的轮毂电机研究仍然热门。同时，电动轮的动力转向、驱动、制动扭矩和速度控制是未来研究的关键和难点。

2、轮毂式电动汽车的结构特点

轮毂式电动汽车是一种新型的电动汽车，其特点是将电机直接安装在车轮轮毂中，省略了传统的离合器、变速器、主减速器及差速器等部件，简化了整车结构，提高了传动效率。此外，轮毂式电动汽车还能通过控制技术实现对电动轮的电子差速控制，从而提高了车辆的动态性能和稳定性。

3、轮毂电机的研究现状

轮毂电机是轮毂式电动汽车的关键部件，其研究现状主要表现在高功率低质量的电机设计和制造方面。目前，国内外研究机构和企业都在不断地探索新的材料和工艺，以提高轮毂电机的功率密度和效率，并降低电机的重量和成本。

4、关键技术探究

电动轮的动力转向、驱动、制动扭矩和速度控制是轮毂式电动汽车研究的关键和难点。目前，国内外研究机构和企业都在加强对这些关键技术的研究，以提高轮毂式电动汽车的动态性能和稳定性。其中，电子差速控制技术是轮毂式电动汽车的一项重要技术，能够实现对电动轮的精确控制，从而提高车辆的操纵性和安全性。

5、未来展望

轮毂式电动汽车是未来电动汽车的发展方向，具有广阔的市场前景和应用前景。随着技术的不断进步和成本的不断降低，轮毂式电动汽车将逐渐普及，并成为人们出行的主要方式之一。

目前，日本是轮毂式电动汽车研究的领头羊。___的电动汽车研究小组已经成功试制了多种不同形式的样车。其中，1991年与___合作开发的IZA电动汽车采用Ni-Cd电池作为动力源，配备4个外转子式永磁同步轮毂电机，最高速度可达176km/h。1996年，该小组联合___研制了ECO电动汽车，该车采用永磁直流无刷电动机驱动后轮，最高速度为100km/h。2001年，该小组又推出了以锂电池为动力源，采用8个交流同步轮毂电机独立驱动的电动轿车KAZ，最高速度达到

311km/h。KAZ的电动轮系统采用高性能内转子型电动机，峰值功率可达55kW，匹配行星齿轮减速机构，前轮采用盘式制动器，后轮采用鼓式制动器。此外，___和___也推出了采用电动轮驱动技术的燃料电池概念车。

在国内，电动轮驱动方式的研究也在逐步推进。___研制的“春晖”系列燃料电池概念车采用了4个直流无刷轮毂电机独立驱动的电动轮模块。___于2004年在北京车展上展出的ET概念车也采用了4个轮边电机独立驱动模式。___研制的电动轿车用直流无刷轮毂电机，单个电动车率为7.5kW，电压264V，双后轮直接驱动。___的4轮电动汽车，其电动机性能指标为：额定功率3kW，额定转速3000r/min，额定电压为110V。这些研究成果为我国电动轮驱动技术的发展提供了有力支持。

目前电动轮所使用的低速外转子电动机和高速内转子电动机都是径向磁通永磁轮式电机。高速内转子电机的结构与传统的永磁同步电机或无刷直流电机基本相同。电机的最高转速主要受线圈和摩擦损耗以及变速机构承受能力等因素的限制。

外转子轮式永磁电机是电动汽车直接驱动的执行器，采用表面安装NdPeB磁钢的外转子定子多极少槽结构。外转子结构在车轮直径固定的约束条件下，使电枢直径增加，提高了电机能力。同时，外转子结构使电机散热条件恶化，对长时间过载能力有一定影响。定子采用多极少槽结构，减小体积、简化结构，有利于产生所需的电势谐波以提高力能指标。永磁转子位置传感器采用磁阻式多极旋转变压器，与电机本体一体化安装，结构紧凑。

电机驱动采用轴角变换技术，使用轴角变换芯片将旋转输出信号变换为数字位置信号，供相电流指令合成电路产生各相的电流指令；相电流指令与电流负反馈信号经电流调节器(CR)处理，控制SPWM型逆变功率电路，驱动电机运行。

轮毂式电动汽车一般有2个或4个轮边电机，对多个电机实行协调控制。实现电动汽车驱动的关键技术是驱动电机的运行控制，其中包括车辆行驶的稳定性控制、转向差速控制、系统动力性能优化和节能控制等。在稳定性控制中，以牵引控制为主要研究方向，系统的综合节能策略在电池技术没有足够进步之前，也相当重要。为了更好地对车辆进行研究和优化设计，

电动汽车的有效数学模型和快速有效的系统运行控制算法也是当今世界各国的攻关热点。

电池是电动汽车的动力源泉，也是制约电动汽车发展的关键因素。电动汽车电池的主要性能指标是比能量、能量密度、比功率、循环寿命和成本等。要使电动汽车与燃油汽车竞争，关键要开发出比能量高、比功率大、使用寿命长的高效电池。能源及能量管理系统的开发，包括电池管理系统、充电系统和辅助能源系统等，对于提高电动汽车的性能和可靠性都具有重要作用。

电动汽车电池已经发展到第三代，取得了重大进展。第一代是阀控铅酸电池，因为价格低、放电倍率高，是目前唯一能量产的电动汽车电池。第二代是碱性电池，包括Ni-Cd、Ni-MH、Na-S、n和Zn/Air等多种电池，比能量和比功率都比铅酸电池高，提高了电动汽车的动力性能和续驶里程，但价格比铅酸电池高。第三代是以燃料电池为主的电池，能量转换效率高，比能量和比功率都高，是理想的汽车用电池，但目前还处于研制阶段，一些关键技术还有待突破。

由于电动汽车的车载能量有限，能量管理系统的目的是最大限度地利用有限的车载能量，增加行驶里程。智能能量管理系统采集各个子系统输入的传感器信息，如车内外气温传感器、充放电时电源电流和电压传感器、电动机电流和电压传感器、速度和加速度传感器以及车外环境和气候传感器等。能量管理系统能实现以下基本功能：优化系统的能量分配；预测电动汽车电源的剩余能量和继续行驶里程；提供最佳的驾驶模式；再生制动时合理地调整再生能量；自动调整温度控制方式。智能管理系统如同电动汽车的大脑，同时具有功能多、灵活性好、适应性强的特点。

本文介绍了轮毂式电动汽车的发展现状及结构特点，说明了轮毂式电动汽车的转向控制模型及其关键技术。与传统电动汽车相比，轮毂式电动汽车的整车结构、传动效率、动力性能、续驶里程等都有非常明显的优势，是未来电动汽车的发展方向。目前，对低质量、高功率的轮毂电机的研究仍是热点。同时，轮毂式电动汽车转向、驱动、制动时对电机转矩与转速的控制是未来研究的重点和难点。