2024年1月19日发(作者：)

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Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride public

transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a

columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone

to get back to "Long story short:my son got home from a department store on the

Upper East Side, she didn't expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers.

Lenore Skenazy's son was allowed to take the subway alone, he ________.

d having the independence

2. Lenore Skenazy believes that keeping kids under careful watch

s their healthy growth

y's decision to let her son take the Subway alone has net with________.

t children's rights

y started her own blog to ________.

e sensible parenting

ing to the author, New York City ________.

much safe than before

s today are more nervous about their kids' safety than previous

generations because________.

fear is amplified by media exposure of crime

7. According to child experts, how and when kids may be allowed more freedom

depends on ________.

maturity and personal qualities

8. According to Gallagher and Skenazy, children who are watchful will be better

able to stay away from _unsafe situation____.

9. Being able to find out where a child is anytime helps lessen parents'

_anxiety____.

10. Nowadays with the help of GPS cell phones, parents can ___track their

children's movements__ from a distance.

For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the

sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature

documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track

them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water's edge

can learn from the first paragraph that ________.

s have been made to protect turtles from dying out

does the author mean by "Nature is indifferent to human notions of

fairness" (Line 1, Para. 2)?

turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.

constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to

Elizabeth Griffin?

lated commercial fishing.

does global warming affect the survival of turtles?

threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.

last sentence of the passage is meant to ________.

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for effective measures to ensure sea turtles' survival

There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into

college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum.

But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying,

as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is

an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.

's the opinion of economists about going to college?

e education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.

17. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th

century, ________.

gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates

narrowed

18. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ________.

more on tuition

19. In this consumerist age, most parents ________.

er college education a consumer product

20. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?

b.A satisfying experience within their budgets.

Bosses Say "Yes" to Home Work

Rising costs of office space, time lost to stressful commuting, and a slow

recognition that workers have lives beyond the office-all are strong arguments

for letting staff work from home.

1. What is the main topic of this passage?

ons between employers and employees.

2. From the research conducted by the communications provider Inter-Tel, we learn

that .

businesses have adopted remote working solutions

3. What development has made flexible working practices possible according to

Andy Poulton?

bility of the VoIP service.

4. What is Neil Stephenson's advice to firms contracting internet services?

contact providers located nearest to them.

5. Internet-based telecoms facilitates remote working by __________.

ng sophisticated voice services

6. The accountancy firm Wright Vigar promoted teleworking initially in order

to __________.

operational expenses of a second office

7. According to marketing director Jack O'Hern, teleworking enabled the company

to __________.

recruitment costs

8. Wright Vigar's practice of allowing for more flexible working hours not only

benefits the company but helps improve employees' _home life____ .

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9. With fast, wireless internet connections, employees can still be

____productive_____ while traveling.

10. Single mother Lynne Hargreaves decided to work at home mainly to __increase

her own productivity________.

There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a parent,

especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type. So you can imagine the

reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation's

schools singled out those in the smugly（自鸣得意的）green village of Berkeley,

11. What does a recent investigation by USA Today reveal?

s in Berkeley are over-sensitive to cancer risks their kids face.

12. What response did USA Today's report draw?

read panic.

13. How did parents feel in the face of the experts' studies?

felt very much relieved.

14. What is the view of the 2004 report in the journal Pediatrics?

accidents pose a more serious threat to children.

15. Of the dangers in everyday life, the author thinks that people have most

to fear from __________.

thy food

Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to

find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that

patients face daily.

16. The author's chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is

__________.

declining number of doctors

17. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that __________.

ng doctors on a regular basis ensures good health

18. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately,

primary care physicians have to __________ .

more patients at the expense of quality

19. Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their

career?

think working in emergency rooms tedious.

20. What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?

the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.

Obama's success isn't all good news for black Americans

As Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack

Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. "In that one second, it

was a validation for my whole race," she recalls.

1. How did Erin White feel upon seeing Barack Obama's victory in the election?

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ious.

2. Before the election, Erin White has been haunted by the question of whether

______.

could go as far as she wanted in life

3. What is the focus of Ashby Plant's study?

dual character of African Americans.

4. In their experiments, Ray Friedman and his colleagues found that ______.

and whites behaved differently during the election

5. What do Brian Nosek's preliminary results suggest?

e visitor's opinions are far from being reliable.

6. A negative side of the Obama effect is that ______.

are now less ready to support policies addressing racial

inequality

7. Cheryl Kaiser holds that people should be constantly reminded that ______.

inequality still persists in American society

8. According to Effron, if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected, there

would also have been a negative effect on __our views of women____.

9. It is possible that the Obama effect will be short-lived if there is a change

in people's __political sentiment____.

10. The worst possible aspect of the Obama effect is that people could ignore

his race altogether and continue to hold on to their old racial

__stereotypes____.

Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave

from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia,

gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in

2011. I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United

States-we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.

11. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?

a is now the only developed country without the policy.

12. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United

States?

opposition from business circles.

13. What is Professor Anne Alstott's argument for parental support?

en need continuous care.

14. What does the author think of America's large body of family laws governing

children's welfare?

fail to provide enough support for parents

15. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?

is basically a social undertaking.

A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning

and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in

larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for

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American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists

support traditionally liberal causes.

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16. What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?

young voters are going to the polls than before.

17. What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?

r young people will continue to support Obama's policy.

18. What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?

lives in relation to Obama's presidency.

19. What accounts for the younger generation's political strength according to

Professor Henry Flores?

utilization of the Internet.

20. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?

are indifferent to politics.

Supersize surprise

Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that it’s

al down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation appeals

to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity

epidemic and reverse it yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied

with it.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

explanations for the obesity epidemic

2. In the US Nurse’ Health Study, women who slept an average of 7 hours a

night_______.

the least weight

3. The popular belief about obesity is that___________.

causes sleep loss

4. How does indoor heating affect our life?

contributes to our weight gain

5. What does the author say about the effect of nicotine on smokers?

suppresses their appetite

6. Who are most likely to be overweight according to Katherine Fergal’s study?

who quit smoking

7. According to the US National Center for Health Statistics, the increased

obesity in the US is a result of_______.

rising proportion of minorities in its population

8. According to the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the reason why

older mothers’ children tend to be obese remains _not entirely clear_________.

9. According to Michael Symonds, one factor contributing to the obesity epidemic

is decrease of ___family size________.

10. When two heavy people get married, chances of their children getting fat

increase, because obesity is ____partly genetic_________.

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Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy

to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to

question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put

to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development

is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation

of historical and cultural perspectives.

11. How do people often measure progress in agriculture?

its sustainability

12. Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in________.

decrease of biodiversity

does the author think of traditional farming practices?

are not necessarily sustainable

will agriculture be like in the 21st century

will go through radical changes

15. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is

The percentage of immigrants(including those unlawfully present) in the

United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now

higher than at any point since the mid1920s

were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?

were of inferior races.

does the author think of the new immigrants?

can do just as well as their predecessors.

does Edward Tellers’ research say about Mexican-Americans?

may forever remain poor and underachieving.

should be done to help the new immigrants?

t them from being marginalized.

ing to the author, the burning issue concerning immigrating is_______.

to help immigrants to better fit into American society

Minority Report

American universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating

them is another matter.

1.

What is the author's main concern about American higher education?

low graduation rates of minority students.

2. What was the pride of President Barry Mills of Bowdoin College?

increased enrollment of minority students.

3. What is the risk facing America?

rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one.

4. How many African-American students earned their degrees in California

community colleges according to a recent review?

n percent.

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5. Harvard, Yale, and Princeton show almost no gap between black and white

graduation rates mainly because _____.

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recruit the best students

6. How does Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust view minority students' failure

to get a degree?

sities are to blame.

7. Why do some students drop out after a year or two according to the author?

cannot afford the high tuition.

8. To tackle the problem of graduation gap, the University of

Wisconsin-Madison helps minority students get over the stereotype that

___that they are less qualified__.

9. For years, private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have provided

minority students with _some preparatory cources____ during the summer before

freshman year.

10. Washington and Lee University is cited as an example to show that the

gap of graduation rates between whites and minorities can __be closed___.

At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question:

are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public

overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists

is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to

the economy.

11.

What can we learn from the first paragraph?

general public thinks differently from most economists on the

impact of immigration.

12. In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from

immigration?

can get consumer goods at lower prices.

13. Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?

have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.

14. What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated

employees about the inflow of immigrants?

may place a great strain on the state budget.

15. What is the irony about the debate over immigration?

are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.

opinions.

Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority

of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male,

middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you'll get

a completely different impression.

16. What characterises the business school student population of today?

r diversity.

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17. What is the author's concern about current business school education?

will produce business leaders of a uniform style.

18. What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?

de and approach to business.

19. What applicants does the author think MBA programmes should consider

recruiting?

ants from outside the traditional sectors.

20. What does Mannaz say about the current management style?

is shifting towards more collaborative models.

Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of

Piracy?

In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard

to make digital copies of books.

1. Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is _____.

encourage reading around the world

2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will

_____.

the broad masses of readers

3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's

books should be controlled by _____.

C) multinational companies

4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____.

differences of in-print and out-of-print books

5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that _____.

is willing to compensate the copyright holders

6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?

was settled after more than two years of negotiation.

7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?

commercial provisions of the settlement.

8. While __Providing information for free___, Google makes money by selling

advertising.

9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called _orphan works____.

10. Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _change the

world’s book market____ in the future.

What's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a

recent college graduate? China! India! Brazil! How about trade!

When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in

June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying.

Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the

calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the

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smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could

contribute to slower growth.

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11. How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?

could lead to slower growth of the national economy.

12. What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?

indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.

13. Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?

ers of agricultural goods and raw materials.

14. What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?

C) Slack trade activities.

15. What is the author's advice to U.S. companies and individuals?

move their companies to where labor is cheaper.

A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness

in translating new knowledge into new products and services.

Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place

among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and

legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as

universities are key in the national innovation system.

16. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of

commercialisation?

fail to convert knowledge into money.

17. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities'

performance in commercialisation?

does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.

18. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that "policy interventions" (Line 1, Para.

4) refers to _____.

ment aid to non-research-oriented universities

19. What does the author suggest research-led universities do?

ise their research to win international recognition.

20. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth?

promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.

The Three-Year Solution

Hartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New

York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree

in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s

tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to

students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and

a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.

1. Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs?

create chances for the poor.

2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to say that .

summer vacation contributes to student growth

3. The author thinks the tenure system in American universities .

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tees academic freedom

4. What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick?

students have to earn more credits each year.

5. What do we learn about Judson College’s three-year degree program?

is open to the brightest students only.

6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in three

years?

students have Advanced Placement credits.

7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program?

Students have to cope with too heavy a workload.

8. College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of moving students into

the workforce might pose a threat to __the core curriculum____.

9. Universities are increasingly aware that they must adapt to a rapidly changing

world in order to __stay competitive and relevant____.

10. Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees

will be more attractive to _bright, motivated students_____.

As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally

produces the best results. That's partially because it appears people who set

realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve

those goals.

11. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting?

goals most people set are unrealistic.

12. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?

g realistic goals can turn a failing business into success.

13. How did Sears’ goal-setting affect its employees?

competed with one another to attract more customers.

14. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer’s research?

exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting.

15. What is Schweitzer’s contention against Edwin Locke?

The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study.

For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the

modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West’s

overly indebted and sluggish (经济滞长的) nations learn from a flourishing Asia?

16. What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India?

market plus government intervention.

17. What does Ronald Reagan mean by saying “government is the problem” (line4,

Para. 3)?

social problems arise from government’s inefficiency.

18. What stopped the American economy from collapsing in 2007?

ation between the government and businesses.

19. What is the author’s suggestion to the American public in face of the public

government deficit?

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put up with the inevitable sharp increase of different taxes.

20. What’s the problem with the European Union?

ive borrowing.

Welcome,Freshmen. Have an iPod.

Taking a step that many professors may view as a bit counterproductive, some

colleges and universities are doling out Apple iPhones and Internet-capable

iPods to their students.

1. Many professors think that giving out Apple iPhones or Internet-capable iPods

to s teaching facilities in universities

not benefit education as intended

2. In the author’s view, being equipped with IT products may help colleges and

universities

an innovative image

3. The distribution of iPhones among students has raised concerns that they

will_________ .

r distract students from class participation

4. Naomi Pugh at Freed-Hardeman University speculated that professors

would_________ .

to work harder to enliven their classes

5. Experts like Dr. Kyle Dickson at Abilene Christian University think

that________ .

technology will be more widely used in education

6. What do we learn about the University of Maryland at College Park concerning

the use of iPhones and iPods?

is proceeding with caution.

7. University officials claim that they dole out iPhones and iPods so as

to_________ .

tate students’ learning outside of class

8. Ellen Millender at Reed College in Portland is concerned that technology will

take the place of___teaching or analysis______

9. Professor Robert Summers at Cornell Law School banned laptop computers from

his class because he thinks qualified lawyers need to possess a broad array

of__complex reasoning abilities required of good lawyers___.

The experience at Duke University may ease some concerns because the students

have used iPods for active__interaction___.

'Depression'' is more than a serious economic downturn. What distinguishes a

depression from a harsh recession is paralyzing fear--fear of the unknown so

great that it causes consumers, businesses, and investors to retreat and panic.

They save up cash and desperately cut spending.

11. Why do consumers, businesses and investors retreat and panic in times of

depression? don't know what is going to happen in the future.

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12. What does Christina Romer say about the current economic recession?

initial blow to confidence far exceeded that of 1929.

13. Why didn’t the current recession turn into a depression according to

Christina Romer?

government intervened effectively.

14. What is the chief purpose of all the countermeasures taken?

curb the fear of a lasting free fall.

15. What does the author think of today’s economic situation?

has not gone from bad to worse.

Usually when we walk through the rain forest we hear a soft sound from all the

moist leaves and organic debris on the forest floor,” says ecologist Daniel

Nepstad. “Now we increasingly get rustle and crunch. That’s the sound of a

dying forest.”

16. We learn from the first paragraph that _______.

sound of a forest signifies its health condition

17. In the second paragraph, the author challenges the view that _______.

collapse of rain forests is caused by direct human interference

18. The author argues that the rising carbon levels in rain forests may

_______. them into a major source of greenhouse gases

19. What has made it easier to turn some rain forests into farmland?

of rainfall resulting from global warming.

20. What makes Brazil one of the world’s top five contributors to greenhouse

gases?

practice of burning forests for settlement and development,

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